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Dangerous people and places : a community newspaper's constructions of crimeRaymond, Leigh Alice January 2014 (has links)
This thesis argues that there is a clear imbalance in the representation of crime in the newspaper, Grocott’s Mail, in Grahamstown, in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The thesis concludes that the system of marginalisation and segregation which was established during the apartheid era is the foundation for the continued segregation and marginalisation of certain groups of people in Grahamstown as depicted in crime journalism. Previous research shows that not only people, but spaces are marginalised through media representations of crime. As people are represented as dangerous, so too the spaces they occupy become dangerous spaces. Importantly, the research shows that discourses of marginalisation are present in newspaper reports reproducing the discourses prominent in society, and in turn, the newspaper itself perpetuates these marginalising discourses. This extends into the coverage that different crimes receive in newspapers. For instance, the reports show that a middle-class audience will be more concerned with property crime in middle-class neighbourhoods, than other crimes in lower-class neighbourhoods. I argue that not only the type of crime, but the severity, the effect, and the necessity for justice represented by the newspaper, are all largely determined by the region of the crime. Further, I show that the criminal is not only demonised and represented as individually deviant in the reports in the newspaper, but that these representations are made by this newspaper because they are deeply imbedded as a discourse in society. This is partly because this newspaper has taken on a monitorial role, requiring neutral reporting from journalists, and a dedication to surveying the processes of state institutions, like the police and courts. As a result, the ways in which crime is reported on in the newspaper is fairly well fixed, making it difficult for journalists to conceive of different ways of reporting crime. The representations of the criminal justice system that the monitorial media, this newspaper included present, are a careful balance between the interest of the public, and the need to preserve relationships with sources. The monitorial media in general, and this newspaper in particular, represent the criminal justice system. The relationship between the police and the newspaper, and the courts and the media, therefore strongly influences the way in which crime news is reported. In particular, crime news is represented from the perspective of the criminal justice system. This research was carried out using Critical Discourse Analysis, qualitative interviews, and focus group interviews.
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Censorship of the press in South Africa during the Angolan War: a case study of news manipulation and suppressionAddison, Graeme January 1982 (has links)
During the Angolan War of 1975-6, whilst South African troops were actively engaged on the side of the Unita/FNLA alliance, news media in South Africa were prohibited from disclosing information about the country's role in the war. Under Section 118 of the Defence Amendment Act of 1967, no information about SA troop movements or plans could be published without the permission of the Minister of Defence or his nominees. This case study shows how the Government used the Defence Act to censor certain news while releasing other news which suited its political outlook and objectives. The study documents the history of the Defence Act and of the military-press liaison machinery which grew out of it. The introduction defines propaganda as a technique of ideological control designed to supplement the control of society by means of repression. The study sets in context the Government's propaganda strategy before, during and after the Angolan War, arguing that the structures of white domination, including the newspaper industry, are being drawn into the Government's scheme of total co-ordination to fight a total war.
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Press coverage of a national security issueMalinda, Nthomeni Edward January 2016 (has links)
Research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and
Management, University of the Witwatersrand, towards a 33% fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Master of Management (in the field of
Security).
11 November 2016. / South Africa, like other liberal democracies worldwide, is characterised by
constant tension between government and the media, particularly the press.
At the centre of the tension is the need by government to maintain a certain
level of state secrecy on the grounds of national security on the one hand,
and the need for transparency and the right of access to information on the
other. Both these rights are provided for in international and local statutory
instruments. Press reports about an alleged secret procurement by South
Africa’s Department of Defence of a spy satellite have also heightened the
tension.
The purpose of the research is to explore the nature of the tension through a
case study focusing on some national newspapers. The study examines if
the South African press, which, when it dispensed information to the public,
published sensitive state information that detrimentally impacted national
security.
This research shows that in some instances local newspapers published
classified and sensitive information relating to national security. Although a
court of law is the proper organ to determine whether the press contravened
the law by publishing sensitive security information, the disclosure arguably
prejudiced the national security interests of South Africa. / MT2018
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Writing between the fine lines of democracy: the role of the media in entrenching democracy in South AfricaBailey, Candice Bronwyn January 2016 (has links)
A Dissertation present in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in the Political Studies, Faculty of Humanities at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2016 / Pending legislation in South Africa in the form of the Protection of State Information Bill presents an unprecedented threat to freedom of the press in post-apartheid South Africa.
Like most countries globally, there have been tensions between the ruling party, which represents the state and the media, who argue that freedom of the press is critical to democracy. Both are institutions that consider their presence essential elements in a democratic regime. There is a fine line between censorship and self-regulation. But equally important is the need to balance rights to privacy with information that is in the public interest.
In a country seen to have one of the most progressive constitutions in the world, enshrining freedom of the press, there are, however, still many questions around the media and where they ideally fit into society. Should they be the watchdog? Should they be a mouthpiece? And 22 years into democracy, how free are they to choose which role they prefer?
With the freedom of expression war between the media and the ruling party continuing to play out in South Africa, the challenge lies in understanding what role the media has in efforts to entrench democracy. / MT2017
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The role of alternative press in mobilization for political change in Kenya 1982-1992: Society magazine as a case studyNyamora, Pius M 01 June 2007 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of alternative press in mobilizing Kenyans to regain a multi-party political system after 29 years of one-party rule that had turned into authoritarianism. The study focused on Society magazine, and touched on two other magazines, Finance and Nairobi Law Monthly. Unlike Society, these magazines were not intended to cover politics, although they changed their role later. Finance and Nairobi Law Monthly were examined through secondary sources and the author's interactions with the publishers. Whereas Society was a weekly founded and run by journalists, Finance and Nairobi Law Monthly were monthlies founded and run by non-journalists. The other goal of this study was to find out how the alternative press affected the mainstream press, particularly the Nation. The study began with examination of Kenya's history and government-press relationship from 1895 to 1992.
The period covered three major eras: The colonial period (1895-1963); the first era of the African government under President Mzee Jomo Kenyatta (1963-1978); and the second era of the African government under President Daniel arap Moi, who was in office from 1978 to 2002. I analyzed the first 14 of Moi's 24-year rule, when the country reverted to a democracy. The Study found that by not giving in to government pressure and threats, the alternative publications encouraged the mainstream press to defy the government and to regain freedom. Here are two examples of how the alternative press encouraged the mainstream press. When Oginga Odinga announced his intentions to form the opposition National Development Party, and the political pressure Forum for Restoration of Democracy, the mainstream press did not cover the announcements for fear of the government. The alternative press covered the announcements weeks later, after which the Nation and the Standard began covering debate on the government's refusal to register the two organizations.
Society pioneered publication of political cartoons of government leaders in Kenya, and now the dailies use such cartoons without fear.
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The impact of the protection of state information bill on media freedom in South AfricaJasson Da Costa, Wendy Avril January 2012 (has links)
This thesis considers the impact which the Protection of State Information Bill will have on media freedom in South Africa. During apartheid, draconian laws prevented the media from reporting freely, and newspapers as well as the broadcast media were heavily censored. When the country became a democracy in 1994, the political grip on the media faded, and a new era of press freedom began. However, the Protection of State Information Bill is seen as a direct threat to that freedom. The Bill, also known as the Secrecy Bill, will classify state-related information and censor the media who make public or are found to be in possession of, classified information. For journalists this means that the way in which they report and what they report will be severely restricted. The Bill will also impact on the willingness of whistleblowers to come to the fore. This study looks at the importance of a free press, at how the Secrecy Bill evolved, and how opposition parties and civil society set about opposing it. It will examine democracy and its relationship with a free press, and do a policy analysis of the Bill. It will also look at how civil society organisations came together to oppose the Bill, and some of the changes which came about as a result of this opposition.
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A Study of Press Freedom in South AfricaLevy, Joyce Carol 08 1900 (has links)
The problem of the study was to analyze conditions of the South African press, including effects of apartheid legislation on the free flow of information. The method of research was mail questionnaire to editors of twenty-two South African daily newspapers. The study showed that the South African press is restricted by legislation and additional laws are expected. Other information from the study includes the following: at least four main laws impede the free flow of information; the press has ready access to government officials; Die Burger and The Star are considered the most influential newspapers; and Prime Minister Vorster's recent advice that the press "put your house in order" seems aimed largely at key English-language newspapers.
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Contemporary South African printmaking : a study of the artform in relation to socio-economic conditions, with special reference to the Caversham PressConidaris, Amanda Jane 12 1900 (has links)
Date in university's graduation list: April 2003. / Thesis (MA (VA))--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The body of the thesis explores contemporary South African printmaking by focusing on The
Caversham Press, established in 1985. Caversham's success encouraged the opening of four
other studios, which formed the core of professional printmaking in South Africa up to 2000.
Positioning Caversham in a broader arena, the politicised nature of printmaking in South
Africa prior to 1985 is discussed and six projects produced at the Press between 1985 and
2000 are examined to situate the Press within the South African socio-economic and cultural
context. Finally, the interaction between prints from Caversham Press projects and the art
market in Johannesburg is described and analysed to ascertain the extent to which these six
projects were products of their time and place in South African art history. In Appendices IV
and V, the candidate's own printmaking work, which examines male midlife depression and
its impact on the marital relationship, is discussed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoofdeel van die tesis ondersoek die hedendaagse Suid-Afrikaanse drukkuns op die werk
van The Caversham Press wat in 1985 gestig is, te fokus. Caversham se sukses het aanleiding
gegee tot die ontstaan van vier ander drukkunsateljees wat die kern van professionele
drukkuns gevorm het tot in die jaar 2000. Deur Caversham in 'n breër konteks te plaas, word
die gepolitiseerde aard van drukkuns in Suid-Afrika voor 1985 bespreek. Verder word die ses
ondernemings wat deur Caversham tussen 1985 en 2000 opgelewer is in die konteks van
sosio-ekonomiese en kulturele omstandighede ondersoek. Ten slotte word die interaksie
tussen Caversham Press projekte en die kunsmark van Johannesburg ontleed en bespreek met
die doelom vas te stel tot hoe 'n mate hierdie ses projekte die tyd en plek van die Suid-
Afrikaanse kunsgeskiedenis reflekteer. In Bylae IV en V, word die kandidaat se eie
drukkunswerke, wat depressie in mideljarige mans ondersoek en die gevolg daarvan op die
huweliksverhouding uitbeeld, bespreek.
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The media on trial: An investigation into the media’s portrayal of the lawVan der Spuy, Anri 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil (Journalism))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The relationship between the media and the law is an important one, especially in an
adolescent democracy like South Africa. On the one hand the law has the power to
control the fundamental right to freedom of expression – the very core of the media’s
existence. On the other hand, however, the media are vital mechanisms through which
the law can ensure that citizens know that justice is being done. The media are therefore
also powerful; having the ability to influence people’s perceptions of and respect for the
law.
The relationship between the media and the law is characterised internationally by
frequent tensions and misunderstandings – a trend that has not escaped South Africa.
Whereas some of these strains may be explained with reference to both the media and
the law’s respective duties in a democracy; many problems are also caused as result of
misunderstandings and inaccurate expectations of both parties’ responsibilities in a
democracy. This study was thus launched from the premise that there is room and need
for improvement in the relationship between the media and the law.
The way in which citizens perceive the law (or legal consciousness) was investigated; as
were the sources of such perceptions. Making use of a questionnaire distributed to a
sample of students at two Western Cape universities, it was established that students’
opinions of lawyers and judicial officers are generally positive, but that they do not have
much confidence in the efficacy of the South African legal system. The feedback also
indicates that news and popular media are the most important sources of such opinions
of the law – a context-specific finding that echoes similar results obtained internationally.
Popular media as an important source of perceptions give rise to several concerns. Not
only do citizens struggle to distinguish between fact and fiction in popular media; but
most of the popular (legally-themed) media available in South Africa are furthermore
imported from the USA. This tendency, defined in this study as the Hollywoodization of
South African law, lead to concerns that citizens may not only be basing their opinions of
the law on fiction; but also that such media are premised on a very different (American)
legal system from our own.
The importance of news media as a source was investigated more specifically by making
use of a case study (the Inge Lotz/ Fred van der Vyver story). The way in which pre-trial
publicity and court reporting may lead to the sacrifice of a defendant’s right to a fair trial
was investigated by looking at the influences of news media coverage on the parties
involved; the presiding officers, assessors and witnesses; and the perceptions lay
audiences may have of the specific case and (consequently) the law in general. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verhouding tussen die media en die reg is ’n belangrike een, veral in ’n jong
demokrasie soos Suid-Afrika. Aan die een kant het die reg die mag om die hart van die
media se bestaansreg – die grondwetlike reg op vryheid van spraak – te beheer. Aan die
ander kant is die media ook ’n noodsaaklike meganisme wat aan landsburgers oordra
wanneer geregtigheid geskied, en wanneer nie. Die media kan dus die doeltreffendheid
van die reg in ’n demokrasie ernstig beïnvloed.
Die verhouding tussen die media en die reg word wêreldwyd met misverstande en
probleme gekenmerk – ’n tendens waarvan Suid-Afrika nie afgesonder is nie. Hoewel
van dié stremminge veroorsaak word deur die partye se onderskeie natuurlike pligte in ’n
demokrasie, word sommige probleme ook veroorsaak deur misverstande en
onregverdige verwagtinge van wat beide partye se verantwoordelikhede behels. Die
studie is gevolglik onderneem met die uitgangspunt dat daar moontlikheid vir verbetering
in die verhouding tussen die media en die reg is.
Die wyse waarop burgers die reg beskou of ervaar (waarna in die studie verwys word as
legal consciousness of regbewussyn) word ondersoek; en só ook die bronne van
burgers se regsbewussyn. Deur gebruik te maak van ’n vraelys wat aan ’n groep
studente by twee Wes-Kaapse Universiteite uitgedeel is, word daar vasgestel dat
studente oor die algemeen baie respek het vir die regslui, maar min vertroue in die Suid-
Afrikaanse regstelsel het. Die terugvoering bepaal ook dat nuus- en populêre/ gewilde
media die belangrikste bronne van regsbewussyn is. Dié bevinding, wat konteksspesifiek
tot Suid-Afrika is, bevestig soortgelyke gevolgtrekkings wat internasionaal ook
aanvaar is.
Die feit dat populêre media ’n belangrike bron van regsbewussyn is, lei tot talle
bekommernisse. Behalwe dat daar reeds bevind is dat gebruikers van dié media nie kan
onderskei tussen wat feite en wat fiksie is nie, word daar in Suid-Afrika hoofsaaklik
Amerikaanse populêre media met regstemas versprei. Die gevaar is dus dat Suid-
Afrikaanse burgers dalk besig is om hul indrukke van die reg te baseer op beide fiksie
én ’n Amerikaanse voorstelling van die regstelsel (die sg. Hollywoodization van die Suid-
Afrikaanse reg).
Die studie beskou verder die belangrikheid van die nuusmedia as ’n bron deur ’n
gevallestudie van ’n bekende Suid-Afrikaanse moordondersoek en regssaak (die Inge
Lotz/ Fred van der Vyver-saak). Die aard van beide voorverhoor-publisiteit en
hofverslaggewing en die moontlikheid dat dit skade aan die regverdigheid van ’n verhoor
kan verrig, word veral van nader beskou. Spesifieke aandag word ook geskenk aan die
moontlike invloede van dié tipe mediadekking op die betrokke partye; die
onafhanklikheid van voortsittende beamptes, assessore en getuies; en die indrukke wat
by gewone burgers oor ’n spesifieke saak – en dus die reg in geheel – geskep kan word.
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Ties that bind: a critical discourse analysis of the coverage of the Millennium Development Goals in the Mail and GuardianMarquis, Danika Ewen January 2009 (has links)
This study analysed the representation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in the Mail and Guardian from 2000 to 2007. It drew on perspectives from cultural studies, the constructionist approach to representation and the sociology of news production. Through the use of the quantitative and qualitative research methods, content analysis and critical discourse analysis, this study established first, that few significant changes have occurred within the newspaper's coverage of the MDGs during this period, and second, that the people most affected by the MDGs and affiliated programmes are seriously under-represented and that the manner of representation marginalises and subordinates them.
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