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The development of an axisymmetric linear by high-order finite element to model filament-wound structures is presented. The primary objective of this work was to develop a ’design code' to analyze filament wound spherical pressure vessels. In order to develop a design-oriented analysis capability which can produce accurate results rather quickly with reduced input-data requirements, the total number of system equations must be reduced. To accomplish this task, a linear by high-order element was formulated which uses a single high-order displacement field finite element to model the total thickness of an axisymmetric composite structure. The displacement order for the in-plane direction remains linear, while the transverse order is user selectable. Numerical integration for stiffnesses is evaluated with respect to varying material properties and lamirna thicknesses in each individual element. Results from a computational economy study are presented showing potential time savings of 40 percent when compared to the conventional modeling scheme of using bi-linear elements. Actual test cases indicate that computation time savings may be as great as 55 percent when using linear by fourth-order elements and 45 percent when using linear by sixth-order elements. The accuracy of the element was evaluated by comparing the finite element results to elasticity solutions for isotropic, orthotropic, and filament-wound cylindrical pressure vessels. Most of the finite element results indicated a ±3 percent maximum error of the stresses compared to the elasticity results. The new linear by high order element stress results were nominally within ±2 percent of stresses calculated with conventional bilinear elements. Comparisons of finite element results for an actual filament-wound spherical pressure vessel slowed that linear by third- or fourth-order elements may be adequate for preliminary design purposes while the higher-order elements generally correlated better with the conventional bi-linear elements. Also presented is an outline of the design code and sample results for spherically wound pressure vessels. / Ph. D.

D. Tech. (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology), Vaal University of Technology. / The purpose of this study was to develop analytical and numerical solutions to be used in the design of thick walled high pressure vessels for optimal location of a cross bore. In addition, the effects of internally applied combined thermo-mechanical loading on Stress Concentration Factor (SCF) on these vessels, was also evaluated. An analytical solution, to predict principal stresses on radial circular cross bore, was developed. The developed analytical solution was verified using finite element analysis methods. An optimisation process, using finite element analysis, was further done to determine the optimal combination of the major cross bore geometry that affect stress concentration. The cross bore geometries that were studied included the size, shape, location, obliquity and thickness ratio. The geometrically optimised cross bore was then subjected to combined thermo-mechanical loading to determine the resulting stress concentration effects. A total of 169 finite element part models were created and analysed. Seven thick walled cylinders having either circular or elliptical shaped cross bore positioned at radial, offset or and inclined were investigated. The analytical solution developed correctly predicted all the radial stresses at the intersection of the cross bore and main bore. However, out of 35 studied models, this analytical solution predicted the magnitude of hoop stresses in 9 models and that of axial stresses in 15 models correctly. The lowest SCF given by the radial circular cross bore was 2.84. Whereas, the SCF due to offsetting of the same cross bore size reduced to 2.31. Radial elliptical shaped cross bore gave the overall lowest SCF at 1.73. In contrast, offsetting of the same elliptical shaped cross bore resulted in tremendous increase in SCF magnitude exceeding 1.971. Additionally, the magnitudes of SCF were observed to increase whenever the circular offset cross bores were inclined along the RZ axis of the cylinder. The hoop stress due to internally applied combined thermo-mechanical loading increased gradually with increase in temperature until it reached a maximum value after which it began to fall sharply. In contrast, the corresponding SCF reduced gradually with increase in temperature until it reached a uniform steady state. After which, any further increase in temperature had insignificant change in stress concentration factor. The optimal SCF magnitude due to combined thermo-mechanical loading was 1.43. This SCF magnitude was slightly lower than that due to the pressure load acting alone.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND AERO / Includes bibliographical references. / by Michael Jeffrey Graves. / Ph.D.

Abstract not available

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-123).

Tensional Vacuum Vessels (TVV) are vessels constructed such that the walls are placed in tension rather than in compression as is the case with conventional vacuum vessels. TVVs have the advantage of being cost-effective, light weight in construction, and potentially portable. Tensional vessels have already been designed with regard to submarine applications. However, the use of this principle with regard to vacuum applications is believed to be novel. TVVs have two interlinked thin walled shells instead of the traditional single thick wall of conventional design. These shells are placed in tension by pressurising the intermediate space. This thesis outlines the theory of tensional vessels and describes the performance of a number of experimental chambers developed during this investigation. The fundamental theory of the TVV is outlined and developed in more detail with regard to cylindrical vessels. These include vessels constructed from longitudinal and circumferential tubes. The basic theory for any TVV can be derived from the equilibrium condition. This states that the force due to the gauge pressure on the outer shell must be greater than or equal to the force due to the absolute pressure on the inner shell. If the inward force predominates implosion will occur. Materials science considerations are also taken into account. If the tension in the walls exceeds that required for yield, the vessel will deform. The use of novel tensile materials is also explored. TVVs are potentially inflatable and theory is developed with regard to the possibility of buoyant vessels. The first experiments were based on earlier work performed at this institution with cylindrical TVVs constructed from longitudinal tubes. The tubes employed were soft drink cans which were sealed together with putty. The work described in this thesis outlines the development of larger versions and the instabilities which developed are noted. High vacuum experiments performed through the inclusion of a guard vessel are then described. This is followed by a further description of experiments performed with this basic tensional wall design in an attempt to gain a better understanding of its properties. These vessels were smaller and were gas pressurised in order to allow for increased flexibility with regard to pressure and volume variation. It is found that the compressional elements of such vessels cannot be ignored. A series of cylindrical TVVs with the walls constructed from circumferential tubes is then described, including high vacuum experiments, also performed through the inclusion of a guard vessel. The initial experiments were small in scale and made use of small bicycle tyres as the TVV walls. Larger vessels were then built, the walls being constructed from car tyres. These vessels are also inflatable and more stable than those constructed from longitudinal tubes. Also, the compressional elements do not play as great a role in these vessels. A fully tensional cylindrical vessel is then described which includes tensional end plates. Experiments performed with large bowls as the end plates are outlined. The theory of the deformation of a circular plate is also given including finite element analysis. Finally, a further novel vacuum vessel design is proposed. This is the spinning vacuum vessel. Proof of principle experiments are performed on a small scale vessel (a soft drink can with its interior reinforced with putty) which yields promising results. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, 1999.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-86). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 405-417). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1997. / Bibliography: leaves 215-225.