Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-12-16T14:50:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 isabelcristinaweissdesouza.pdf: 2197570 bytes, checksum: 489bf8c299e3c543850c7b1898858eee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-12-19T12:36:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 isabelcristinaweissdesouza.pdf: 2197570 bytes, checksum: 489bf8c299e3c543850c7b1898858eee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-19T12:36:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 isabelcristinaweissdesouza.pdf: 2197570 bytes, checksum: 489bf8c299e3c543850c7b1898858eee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-16 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Introdução: Entre 10% a 20% dos pacientes tratados em Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) fazem uso de álcool em níveis considerados de risco. Para que ações de prevenção sejam desenvolvidas neste nível de atenção, é fundamental a capacitação das equipes, segundo o Ministério da Saúde. Porém muitas são as barreiras que podem impedir a adoção de um procedimento na prática de rotina. Objetivo: o presente estudo procurou avaliar práticas de prevenção ao uso de risco de álcool e outras drogas adotadas entre enfermeiros da APS capacitados em modalidades presencial, à distância e profissionais não capacitados, assim como os possíveis entraves neste processo. Método: Os dados foram coletados durante os meses de outubro e novembro de 2008, através de entrevistas com sete enfermeiras que atuam na APS, sendo a análise de conteúdo o procedimento analítico adotado, que nos possibilitou a eleição de seis temas: capacitação; práticas; atitudes; crenças sobre álcool e outras drogas; conhecimentos específicos sobre tratamentos para álcool e outras drogas; sentimentos envolvidos ao lidar com o tema álcool e outras drogas. Resultados: Os resultados nos remetem à necessidade de um espaço de discussão permanente subsequente às capacitações, que serviria de reforço, a médio prazo, para a capacitação, podendo contribuir para identificação das dificuldades dos profissionais, troca de experiências, aumentando o senso de autoeficácia para lidar com esta demanda. No entanto, um possível efeito positivo da capacitação foi sentido entre os grupos treinados, uma vez que estes não deram ao problema álcool e outras drogas a conotação moral dada pelo grupo não treinado, o que pode representar uma abertura a ações educativas futuras. Considerações finais: Ainda prevalece a subutilização de práticas baseadas em evidência no tocante a álcool e outras drogas entre as profissionais, corroborando a literatura que aponta, no Brasil, ações de saúde mental, como um todo, estando descontextualizadas com a prática sanitária. Assim como mostrou ser ainda prevalente a lógica de encaminhamentos, referência e contra-referência. / Introduction: Between 10-20% of patients treated in Primary Health Care (PHC) drink alcohol at levels considered risky. For preventive actions to be developed at this level, it is essential to train the teams, according to the Ministry of Health of Brazil. However, there are many barriers that may prevent the adoption of a procedure in routine practice. Objective: This study sought to evaluate practices of prevention against the risky use of alcohol and other drugs adopted amongst PHC nurses trained in different modalities – present and at a distance and also un-trained professionals, as well as possible obstacles in this process. Method: Data were collected during October and November 2008. Seven nurses were interviewed who were working in the PHC. For this study a content analysis was adopted as the analytical procedure. We followed a semi-structured model of interview which enabled us the analysis of six themes: training, practices, attitudes, beliefs about alcohol and other drugs; feelings involved in dealing with the topics of alcohol and other drugs. Results: The results suggest the need for a permanent forum for discussion subsequent to training that would serve to strengthen, at medium term, for training, contributing then to identification of difficulties of professional exchange of experiences, increasing the sense of self-efficacy for dealing with this demand. However, a possible positive effect of training was felt among the trained groups, since they did not give the problem alcohol and other drugs the moral connotation given by the non-trained group, which may represent an opening to future educative actions. Conclusion: The underutilization of evidence-based practice in relation to alcohol and other drugs is still prevailing among professionals, supporting the literature that points in Brazil, the mental health services as a whole, being decontextualised with the sanitary practice. The logic of referrals, reference and counter reference also proved to be still prevalent.

This study identified factors influencing the practice of HIV prevention behaviours amongst Tanzania youths. Structured interviews with in-school youths (n=222) and out-of school youths (n=150); and focus groups discussions with 25 youths were conducted to collect data. Although the level of HIV/AIDS awareness was 97.6% and 58.5% of the youths had positive attitudes towards HIV prevention, only 50.8% practised at least one mode of HIV prevention. Factors which promoted HIV prevention practices included positive attitudes towards specific preventive behaviours and the individual’s self-efficacy to enact such behaviours. The barriers against the practice of HIV prevention behaviours included the lack of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and HIV prevention, socio-economic issues such as unemployment, influx of mobile populations, loss of cultural values, negative social norms, peer pressure, alcohol abuse and the lack of adequate HIV preventive services. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

This study identified factors influencing the practice of HIV prevention behaviours amongst Tanzania youths. Structured interviews with in-school youths (n=222) and out-of school youths (n=150); and focus groups discussions with 25 youths were conducted to collect data. Although the level of HIV/AIDS awareness was 97.6% and 58.5% of the youths had positive attitudes towards HIV prevention, only 50.8% practised at least one mode of HIV prevention. Factors which promoted HIV prevention practices included positive attitudes towards specific preventive behaviours and the individual’s self-efficacy to enact such behaviours. The barriers against the practice of HIV prevention behaviours included the lack of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and HIV prevention, socio-economic issues such as unemployment, influx of mobile populations, loss of cultural values, negative social norms, peer pressure, alcohol abuse and the lack of adequate HIV preventive services. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

MPH / Department of Public Health / Background: Malaria is a public health issue killing more than 435 000 people in Sub Saharan Africa. In South Africa, malaria is endemic in 3 provinces namely: Limpopo, Mpumalanga and Kwazulu Natal. Limpopo Province contributes more cases than the other provinces in the country. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess community knowledge and prevention practices of malaria at Masisi village, in Mutale Municipality, Vhembe District. The study was conducted at Mutale municipality, Vhembe District. Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive approach was used. Data was collected using a questionnaire with open and close ended questions. The targeted population was made up of males and females between the ages of 18 to 75. Validity and reliability have been ensured in the study and the results for reliability were 0.85. Pretesting was done in 5 household at Sanari village which is near Masisi village as they share the same characteristics. A sample of 152 participants was selected from the target population by means of systematic sampling and then select them randomly. Questionnaires were used to collect data. There after Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. The analyzed data were presented in tables, graphs, and in percentages. Results: The findings revealed that majority of the participants 103(67.8%) have secondary education, and most of them, 103(67.8%) are unemployed. The study revealed that about 77% have knowledge regarding malaria transmission. About 130(85.5%) indicated that malaria is caused by a mosquito bite. About 57(38.51%) indicated that they use mosquito coils and nets in their household. Conclusion: Malaria still poses a threat to the lives of people living in malaria endemic areas. Community members at Masisi village have better insight regarding malaria transmission, causes and signs and symptoms. Although the community shows a better understanding of the prevention method they still has to put this into practice in order to eliminate malaria in the area. Health workers are doing a great job in educating the community regarding malaria related issues. / NRF