Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Breslau, 1933. / Includes bibliographical references (iv-vi).

Thesis (D. Jur.)--University of Toronto, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-06, Section: A, page: 2629. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Zürich.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1991. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-84). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

As social scientists have become increasingly aware of the welfare implications of firms' locations in space there has been a considerable amount of renewed interest in the issues pertaining to the geography of price. In the short time since Hay and Johnston (1980) lamented the insufficient attention being given to the theoretical background of geographic pricing, there has been impressive amounts of progress in certain analytical areas. However, within this bulk of literature, we still know remarkably little about the determinants of geographic price variation in spatial markets containing numerous sellers (firms) and buyers (consumers). Perhaps this should not be surprising given that much of the current research is being carried out by economists (who generally tend to emphasize market process in classically constructed structural-conduct-performance modes) rather than geographers (who tend to emphasize market description and locational patterns/properties arising from spatially defined economic and behavioral market processes). This dissertation focuses on geographic price variations in competitive oligopolies, where firms react under alternative pricing conjectures/strategies. Using computer aided simulation, the analytics of equilibrium price levels are examined in one-dimensional bounded and unbounded markets to uncover the algebraic properties of spatial markets, the effects of firm density, firm location, and demand elasticity on prices, the perversities associated with consumer-related transportation costs, and the distorting effects of mixed or asymmetrical rivals' pricing strategies. The modeling of spatial price competition is regarded as essential in the evaluation of equilibrium price as a function of boundary complications, market description, and the spatial arrangement of interdependent rivals. Long-run implications of spatial price competition are discussed with the intention of developing a model (beyond the scope of this dissertation) that not only recognizes rivals' price reactions, but also stresses locationally competitive strategies. Some empirical evidence on the nature of spatial price dependence amongst rival food chains in a metropolitan area is also examined.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves [238]-241.

No description available.

Regarding most law cases of resale price maintenance (RPM), non-pricing strategies (mostly termed ”services”) that were first brought by Tesler (1960) are usually applied to justify RPM. However, if cases are rarely involved with non-pricing strategies or the significance of services is hard to judge, it would be difficult for lawyers to defend for RPM under the traditional services framework. This paper addresses this problem using a model with one manufacturer and two retailers. The retailers choose their own prices but nothing else. If retailers differ, the model can generate equilibria– only with a uniform wholesale price, the retailers will choose the prices lower than those that would maximize the profit of the supply chain. By imposing minimum RPM, this underpricing problem could be resolved without requiring services to be any significant determinants of the demands faced by retailers. Under certain conditions, the use of RPM could even increase the welfare of both the supply chain and consumer. / 在大部分关于涉及到转售价格维持协议（简称RPM）的法律案件中，我们通常会使用非价格策略（大部分称为“服务”因素）来证明RPM是合法的。非价格策略是Telsor（1960）第一个提出的。然而，如果案件很少涉及非价格策略或者服务的显著性难以衡量，律师在传统的服务因素框架下为RPM辩护会变得很难。本文通过构建一个包含一个厂商和两个零售商的模型来解决这个问题。在模型中，零售商只能选择定产品的价格。如果两个零售商是不相同的，本文模型会得到一个均衡——在只有一个批发价的情况下，零售商选择的售价会低于使得整个供应链获利最多的价格。通过RPM的设置，这个定价过低的问题可以得到解决，而且不需要服务成为零售商需求函数的显著决定因素。在某一些条件下，使用RPM甚至可以增加供应链和消费者的福利。 / Mao, Wenzheng. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-37). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 24, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

Manufacturers use resale price maintenance (RPM) for a variety of reasons. In a conventional market setting, when factory price is fixed, profit is maximized by ensuring the lowest possible retail price. The higher retail price ensured by RPM mean a lower quantity sold, since demand is downward sloping. The explanations of RPM remain controversial after many scholars¡¦ investigations. Pro-competitive arguments view RPM as a marketing practice that ensures an efficient distribution system. Anticompetitive arguments contend that manufacturers use RPM to maintain cartel prices and reduce competition among retailers. Understanding the incentives to adopt RPM is critical both for marketing scholars and for antitrust policymakers because RPM, which is employed over the wide variety of products, is the most important vertical restraints, in terms of both the frequency of use and the number of legal cases generated. In Taiwan, the applicability of RPM is limited by Fair Trade Law. Fair Trade Commission considers that RPM is per se illegal as a vertical restraint against competition The explanation for RPM often cited is the special services argument, which indicates the discounter will draw customers from the retailers that provide full services when RPM is not employed. However, in practices, RPM is used in a much wider variety of products than the special services argument would predict. In this research, we examine the RPM property from the risk perspectives and determine how the incentives for using RPM are affected by the changes of economic variables. We find that the imposition of RPM is appropriate in the circumstances where retail price variance is high, sales quantities variance is low and the correlation between two variables is positive. In addition, we find that RPM can be a substitute or complement for advertising, as is found in the existing literature. Our model clearly exhibits the relationship between advertising and RPM, which are both important marketing strategies. We also find that RPM can reduce consumers¡¦ incentive to delay purchases. As the demand price elasticity increases, RPM is more strictly employed by manufactures who want to eliminate purchase delay caused by frequent markdowns. We also perform empirical tests to show that the motivation behind RPM is to reduce the negative externality of frequent markdowns on consumers¡¦ purchase delay.