Computadores impactam em quase todos os aspectos de nossas vidas, porém as escolas não conseguem acompanhar esse caminho sem volta. A simples utilização massiva de aparatos tecnológicos na sala de aula não garante a melhoria do ensino, porém pode ser o meio pelo qual os estudantes encontram alternativas para a solução de problemas complexos. O Pensamento Computacional é uma abordagem de ensino que usa diversas técnicas oriundas da Ciência da Computação e vem gerando um novo foco educacional no quesito inovação nas escolas mundiais como um conjunto de competências de solução de problemas que devem ser compreendidos por uma nova geração de estudantes em conjunto com as novas competências do século 21 (i.e., pensamento crítico, colaboração, etc.). Até o momento, não há um consenso de metodologia de ensino e disponibilidade de material para atender as expectativas dos professores. Para auxiliar sanar essa incerteza, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo a verificação da possibilidade de desenvolver o Pensamento Computacional na Educação Básica utilizando exclusivamente atividades desplugadas (sem o uso de computadores) em estudantes da educação primária para que crianças em regiões/escolas onde não há computadores/dispositivos eletrônicos, Internet e até mesmo energia elétrica também possam se beneficiar desse método. Os resultados obtidos através de uma abordagem Quase-Experimental em escolas Espanholas e Brasileiras, apresentam dados estatísticos que apontam uma melhoria significativa no desempenho dos estudantes que tiveram atividades de Pensamento Computacional Desplugado em ambos os países. / Computational thinking is nowadays being widely adopted and investigated. Educators and researchers are using two main approaches to teach these skills in schools: with computer programming exercises, and with unplugged activities that do not require the use of digital devices or any kind of specific hardware. While the former is the mainstream approach, the latter is especially important for schools that do not count with proper technology resources, Internet connections or even electrical power. However, there is a lack of investigations that prove the effectiveness of the unplugged activities in the development of computational thinking skills, particularly in primary schools. This paper, which summarizes a quasi-experiment carried out in two primary schools in Spain and Brazil, tries to shed some light on this regard. The results show that students in the experimental groups, who took part in the unplugged activities, enhanced their computational thinking skills significantly more than their peers in the control groups who did not participate during the classes, proving that the unplugged approach is effective for the development of this ability.

The diploma paper presents whole study material relevant to field of the whole numbers for listeners of primary school teaching needs. Theoretic part deals with the whole numbers problems from several authors aspects. I find out level of the skills about the whole numbers of children in the 1st and the 5th grade of the primary school and the pedagogic faculty JČU students in this practical part. Further I am focus on primary school teachers approach to this problems. Part of my diploma paper is collection of the exercise for primary school students and teachers during practice.

Nowadays there are a lot of negative impacts on health. Doing exercises is one way how to be protected. In winter, skiing seems to be the best choice for its versatility. It is possible to include the skiing training course for primary school into Czech valid curriculum. The questionnaires were sent into the elementary schools in the district of Strakonice. Returned ones were analyzed and a situation on running the skiing training courses within primary schools was mapped.

This diploma work is specialized on methods and aims of narration training at the primary school. It is devided into theoretical and practical part. The thesis also deals with analysis of chosen textbooks of czech language and composition, which are used for teaching at the primary school. Practical part shows results of the research made at basic schools. Evaluation results from the composition exercises and composition works on particular topic. The work is documented with graphic and attached materials.

This diploma thesis examines children's knowledge of natural science through the five years of primary school. Achievement test is used as the main data collection tool. It also mentions pupils with specific learning disorders or other developmental disorders. The results may assist teachers or others involved in this branch as a landmark on the map of children's knowledge.

This diploma thesis deals with problems and diagnostics of selected preconcepts of technical education. The theoretical part concerns several thematic units which are connected with the problems of constructivism, pre-conceps and technical education at primary school. The practical part investigates current standard of integration of pre-concepts by means of a questionaire (which contains unfinished sentences and assessing scales) and cognitive maps. Pupils of 4th and 5th classes of primary schools in České Budějovice and Soběslav participated in the research. The acquired data of pre-concepts and its integration were processed from the qualitative as well as quantitative point of view in the sphere of technical education.

The 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century have brought a lot of changes in all people´s lifes. There was The big economic crisis, two world wars, totalitarian regime and terrorostic attacks. But there were also some positive events. The 20th century was influenced by progress in car and aircraft industry, medicine and the media. These events intervened in society, in every individual´s life. This happened in the Czech republic too. Except for these events, our country was influenced by totalitarian regime and the following coming of demokracy. How has it changed people´s lifes and children´s behavior in a century, that is also called {\clqq}the century of child``? The aim of this Diploma Work was to map the Influence of the Social Climate on the Childrens Behaviour at Primary Schools in South Bohemian region. A partial aim of the Diploma Work was to compare facts from literature from 70th and 80th years of 20th century and from 90th years of 20th century and after year 2000. I used a secondary data analysis. I compared books and articles about upbringing. Some of them were edited in 70th and 80th years of 20th century and some books and articles were edited in 90th years of 20th century and after year 2000. This method was supplement wit semistandardized interviews with 25 primary and secondary school teachers. The main quota was the teachers´age. They had to be older than 40 years to be able to compare children´s behavior before and after 1989. The results of the interviews showed, that most of asked teachers feel the change in children´s behavior after coming of demokracy in the Czech republic. These teachers think, that it is caused by political change in our country. This fact agrees with literature resources I used in my Diploma Work only partialy. Most of the resources coincide, that the change of the children´s behavior is caused by general development of society, the coming of demokracy is only a part of this development. In the research following hypotheses were determined: Hypothesis 1 Behavior of today´s children isn´t caused only by the coming of demokracy. Hypothesis 2 Playing PC games and watching TV is the most frequent way of spending children´s free time. Hypothesis 3 Older generation of teachers adapt badly to modern teaching techniques. This Work should help teachers to realize, that not only a political system changes children´s behavior. This Work should also help parents and schools to realize, that society development changes children´s behavior. Today´s children are surrounded by many stimulations, material things etc. This could also change their behavior, values and attitudes.

Annotation Stanislava Fedrová, 2009: Natural interests in the neighbourhood of Moravské Budějovice and their usage in natural science at primary school. There were two walks ready for processing of this thesis, one of them was a field trip and the other was a chat with naturalist. The aim of this thesis is to suggest activities leading to cognition of the neighbourhood of Moravské Budějovice and to place these activities in convinient natural subjects-oriented at primary school (especially natural science and elementary teaching and national history and geography).

The aim of the offered dissertation is an attempt to create a material for teaching how to solve mathematical word exercises at an elementary school. This document is based on theoretical knowledge. The theoretical part of the dissertation documents the evolution of the mathematics from the antiquity untill these days. Basic information necessary for the development of an interactive textbook is grounded on theoretical findings in interactive boards and word exercises that have been published recently. The educational material was created in the program Activstudio 3 for the boards of the Activboard type and practically tested with the 8th grade students at the Plesivec elementary school. The other aim of this work is to see the response and attitudes of the students toward this kind of classwork, if it can help them to better grasp the word exercises solutions and to provide the teacher a useful tool for their work with an interactive board, since to create such a groundwork for the lessons by themselves can be very demanding on their time needed for the preparation for their lessons.

In this diploma paper there is a set of biological didactic games for natural science at primary school. The games are divided into four sections - botanical games, zoological games and some topics of human biology, mineralogy and geology. According to the possibilities of their usage in the education they are divided into three groups again. We call them revision games, which are useful to revision and fix curriculum, and knowing games for gaining new knowledge and finally motivational games to interest the students. The theoretical base is set on specialized literature. In the appendix there are concepts of didactical games with their gadgets like texts, cards, game plans, pictures, maps and photographs.