Report (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. M.S. 1991. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 105). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 90-96).

This dissertation addresses the "multi-machine carryover sequence dependent group-scheduling problem with anticipatory setups," which arises in the printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing. Typically, in PCB manufacturing different board types requiring similar components are grouped together to reduce setup times and increase throughput. The challenge is to determine the sequence of board groups as well as the sequence of individual board types within each group. The two separate objectives considered are minimizing the makespan and minimizing the mean flow time. In order to quickly solve the problem with each of the two objectives, highly effective metasearch heuristic algorithms based on the concept known as tabu search are developed. Advanced features of tabu search, such as the long-term memory function in order to intensify/diversify the search and variable tabu-list sizes, are utilized in the proposed heuristics. In the absence of knowing the actual optimal solutions, another important challenge is to assess the quality of the solutions identified by the proposed metaheuristics. For that purpose, methods that identify strong lower bounds both on the optimal makespan and the optimal mean flow time are proposed. The quality of a heuristic solution is then quantified as its percentage deviation from the lower bound. Based on the minimum possible setup times, this dissertation develops a lower bounding procedure, called procedure Minsetup, that is capable of identifying tight lower bounds. Even tighter lower bounds are identified using a mathematical programming decomposition approach. Novel mathematical programming formulations are developed and a branch-and-price (B&P) algorithm is proposed and implemented. A Dantzig-Wolfe reformulation of the problem that enables applying a column generation algorithm to solve the linear programming relaxation of the master problem is presented. Single-machine subproblems are designed to identify new columns if and when necessary. To enhance the efficiency of the algorithm, approximation algorithms are developed to solve the subproblems. Effective branching rules partition the solution space of the problem at a node where the solution is fractional. In order to alleviate the slow convergence of the column generation process at each node, a stabilizing technique is developed. Finally, several implementation issues such as constructing a feasible initial master problem, column management, and search strategy, are addressed. The results of a carefully designed computational experiment for both low-mix high-volume and high-mix low-volume production environments confirm the high performance of tabu search algorithms in identifying extremely good quality solutions with respect to the proposed lower bounds. / Graduation date: 2006

No description available.

Master of Science

by Pang King Man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-204). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / by Pang King Man. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Content --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.xiii / List of Tables --- p.xvii / List of Plates --- p.xxii / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Printed circuit board manufacturing industry in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Principal manufacturing processes of printed circuit board --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1.1 --- Cleaning and surface preparation --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.1.2 --- Catalyst application and electroless plating --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.1.3 --- Pattern printing and masking --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.1.4 --- Electroplating --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.1.5 --- Etching --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Characteristics of wastestreams from printed circuit board manufacturing --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Spent solvents --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Spent etchants --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- Rinsewaters --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.2.4 --- Air emission --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Environmental legislation relating to PCB manufacturing industry --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.3.1 --- Water Pollution Control Ordinance (WPCO) --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.3.2 --- Sewage Services (Sewage Charges) Regulation --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.3.3 --- Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) Regulation --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.3.4 --- Air Pollution Control Ordinance (APCO) --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2 --- Chemical-specific approach against toxicity-based approach --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3 --- Toxicity identification evaluation --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Phase I: Toxicity characterization --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Phase II: Toxicity identification --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Phase III: Toxicity confirmation --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Toxicity identification evaluation on industrial effluents --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4 --- Toxicity tests --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Selection of organisms for bioassays --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Organisms used in TIE --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Organisms used in this study --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5 --- Ecotoxicological study of effluent from PCB manufacturing industry --- p.27 / Chapter 2. --- OBJECTIVES --- p.29 / Chapter 3. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1 --- Source of samples --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- Phase I - Toxicity characterization: Baseline toxicity test --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Microtox® test --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Procedures --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Survival test of a marine amphipod Hylae crassicornis --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Procedures --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3 --- Phase I - Toxicity characterization: Manipulations --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- pH adjustment filtration test --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- Procedures --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- pH adjustment test --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Procedures --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- pH adjustment aeration test --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Procedures --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- pH adjustment C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) test --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3.4.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3.4.2 --- Procedures --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Cation exchange test --- p.48 / Chapter 3.3.5.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.48 / Chapter 3.3.5.2 --- Procedures --- p.48 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Anion exchange test --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.6.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.6.2 --- Procedures --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4 --- Phase II - Toxicity identification --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Determination of total organic carbon (TOC)-TOC analyzer --- p.51 / Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- Principle --- p.51 / Chapter 3.4.1.2 --- Sample preparation --- p.52 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Determination of metal ions-Inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES) --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4.2.1 --- Principle --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4.2.2 --- Sample preparation --- p.56 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Determination of metal ions-Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) --- p.56 / Chapter 3.4.3.1 --- Principle --- p.56 / Chapter 3.4.3.2 --- Sample preparation --- p.58 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Determination of anions - Ion chromatography (IC) --- p.58 / Chapter 3.4.4.1 --- Principle --- p.58 / Chapter 3.4.4.2 --- Sample preparation --- p.60 / Chapter 3.5 --- Phase III - Toxicity confirmation --- p.60 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Chemicals preparation --- p.60 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Mass balance test --- p.61 / Chapter 3.5.2.1 --- Procedures --- p.61 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Spiking test --- p.61 / Chapter 3.5.3.1 --- Procedures --- p.62 / Chapter 4. --- RESULTS --- p.63 / Chapter 4.1 --- Chemical characteristics of the whole effluent samples --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2 --- Phase I - Toxicity characterization: Baseline toxicity test --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Baseline toxicity of whole effluent samples on the Microtox® test --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Baseline toxicity of whole effluent samples on the survival test of a marine amphipod Hyale crassicornis --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3 --- Phase I - Toxicity characterization --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Toxicity characterization of effluent samples using the Microtox® test --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Effect of manipulations on Sample El --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Effect of manipulations on Sample E2 --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Effect of manipulations on Sample E3 --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3.1.4 --- Effect of manipulations on Sample E4 --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3.1.5 --- Effect of manipulations on Sample E5 --- p.83 / Chapter 4.3.1.6 --- Effect of manipulations on Sample E6 --- p.86 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Toxicity characterization of effluent samples using the survival test of amphipod Hyale crassicornis --- p.89 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Effect of manipulations on Sample El --- p.89 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Effect of manipulations on Sample E2 --- p.94 / Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- Effect of manipulations on Sample E3 --- p.99 / Chapter 4.3.2.4 --- Effect of manipulations on Sample E4 --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3.2.5 --- Effect of manipulations on Sample E5 --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3.2.6 --- Effect of manipulations on Sample E6 --- p.107 / Chapter 4.4 --- Phase II - Toxicity identification --- p.110 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Chemical reduction on Sample El --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Chemical reduction on Sample E2 --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Chemical reduction on Sample E3 --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Chemical reduction on Sample E4 --- p.122 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Chemical reduction on Sample E5 --- p.122 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Chemical reduction on Sample E6 --- p.125 / Chapter 4.5 --- Phase III - Toxicity confirmation --- p.130 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Mass balance and spiking tests on the Microtox® test --- p.130 / Chapter 4.5.1.1 --- Mass balance and spiking tests of Sample El on the Microtox® test --- p.131 / Chapter 4.5.1.2 --- Mass balance and spiking tests of Sample E2 on the Microtox® test --- p.131 / Chapter 4.5.1.3 --- Mass balance and spiking tests of Sample E3 on the Microtox® test --- p.133 / Chapter 4.5.1.4 --- Mass balance and spiking tests of Sample E4 on the Microtox® test --- p.135 / Chapter 4.5.1.5 --- Mass balance and spiking tests of Sample E5 on the Microtox® test --- p.138 / Chapter 4.5.1.6 --- Mass balance and spiking tests of Sample E6 on the Microtox® test --- p.140 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Mass balance and spiking tests on the survival test of amphipod Hyale --- p.140 / Chapter 4.5.2.1 --- Mass balance and spiking tests of Sample El on the amphipod survival test --- p.142 / Chapter 4.5.2.2 --- Mass balance and spiking tests of Sample E2 on the amphipod survival test --- p.142 / Chapter 4.5.2.3 --- Mass balance and spiking tests of Sample E3 on the amphipod survival test --- p.144 / Chapter 4.5.2.4 --- Mass balance and spiking tests of Sample E4 on the amphipod survival test --- p.146 / Chapter 4.5.2.5 --- Mass balance and spiking tests of Sample E5 on the amphipod survival test --- p.149 / Chapter 4.5.2.6 --- Mass balance and spiking tests of Sample E6 on the amphipod survival test --- p.149 / Chapter 5. --- DISCUSSION --- p.153 / Chapter 5.1 --- Phase I - Toxicity characterization: Baseline toxicity test --- p.153 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Baseline toxicity of whole effluent samples on the Microtox® test --- p.154 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Baseline toxicity of whole effluent samples on the survival test of amphipod Hyale crassicornis --- p.155 / Chapter 5.2 --- Phase I - Toxicity characterization: Manipulations --- p.155 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Effect of manipulations on the Microtox® test --- p.156 / Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- pH adjustment filtration test --- p.156 / Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- pH adjustment test --- p.158 / Chapter 5.2.1.3 --- pH adjustment aeration test --- p.159 / Chapter 5.2.1.4 --- pH adjustment C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) test --- p.159 / Chapter 5.2.1.5 --- Cation exchange test --- p.160 / Chapter 5.2.1.6 --- Anion exchange test --- p.160 / Chapter 5.2.1.7 --- Conclusion of the Phase I manipulations on the Microtox® test --- p.161 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Effect of manipulations on the survival test of a marine amphipod Hyale crassicornis --- p.162 / Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- pH adjustment filtration test --- p.162 / Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- pH adjustment test --- p.162 / Chapter 5.2.2.3 --- pH adjustment aeration test --- p.163 / Chapter 5.2.2.4 --- pH adjustment C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) test --- p.163 / Chapter 5.2.2.5 --- Cation exchange test --- p.163 / Chapter 5.2.2.6 --- Anion exchange test --- p.164 / Chapter 5.2.2.7 --- Conclusion of the Phase I manipulations on the survival test of a marine amphipod Hyale crassicornis --- p.164 / Chapter 5.3 --- Phase II - Toxicity identification --- p.164 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Chemical reduction on anions --- p.165 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Chemical reduction on metal ions --- p.166 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Conclusion of the Phase II toxicity identification --- p.166 / Chapter 5.4 --- Phase III - Toxicity confirmation --- p.167 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Mass balance and spiking tests on the Microtox® test --- p.167 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Mass balance and spiking tests on the survival test of amphipod Hyale crassicornis --- p.169 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Conclusion of the Phase III toxicity confirmation --- p.170 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Comparison between the results of the Microtox® test and survival test of amphipod Hyale crassicornis --- p.170 / Chapter 5.5 --- Comparison between the concentrations of the identified toxicant(s) in the PCB effluents with the technical memorandum on standards for effluent discharged --- p.172 / Chapter 5.6 --- Toxicity of the identified toxicant(s) in the PCB effluents --- p.175 / Chapter 5.6.1 --- Copper --- p.175 / Chapter 5.6.2 --- Chloride and sulfate --- p.177 / Chapter 5.7 --- Treatment technologies --- p.179 / Chapter 5.8 --- Recommendations --- p.183 / Chapter 6. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.184 / Chapter 7. --- REFERENCES --- p.186

Thesis (Ph. D.)--United States International University, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-157).

A study has been carried out to investigate the use of "real-time" radiography as a method of automated inspection of through-hole electronic circuit board solder joints. By evaluating five major solder defects it has been found that film radiography employing high contrast film results in a definite distinction between a good solder joint and a defective solder joint. The same five defects were also found to be distinguishable from a good solder joint when evaluated by a real-time radiographic inspection unit using digital image processing. Although the type of defect being investigated was not discernible, the ability to distinguish a good solder joint from a defective solder joint is a major step in the implementation of automated solder joint inspection for military electronics.

Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2005. / Abstract. Includes bibliographic references.

by Mok Chun-Hung. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 72-75.