Dissertation--Upsala, 1855. Issued also as thesis, Stockholm.

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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

There are three major facets to industrial employer-employee relations: work processes, collective bargaining and grievance processes. The form of the first is established mainly at the initiative of the employer. The second is generally initiated by employee organizations and results in a document called a collective agreement which sets forth agreed upon patterns of interaction between employer and employee. The third, Grievance Processes, are the means whereby individual and group differences of opinion regarding interpretation of abstractions in the collective agreement, formal instructions for work performance, etc. are reconciled. This study seeks to determine the important situational, behavioral and personal variables associated with differences in quantity and quality of grievance output and union political activity within the plant. It examines the way in which these variables interact with one another within a "field" to produce grievance activity of given character and quantity. Personality variables, in particular a tendency towards "aggressive" behavior, appear to be of prime importance in determining which employees will be active in presenting grievances, holding union office, and several other activities. Union office-holders and grievers are found to have higher accident rates, to be dunned more by creditors, to participate more on company athletic teams, etc., than other employees. The communication potential of work positions, and repetitiveness of the work cycle are among the few situational variables found to have a significant influence on the grievance outcome. Seniority, a structural variable, is found to be extremely important in determining which employees will take part in grievance and union political activity. High Status seems to increase the likelihood of employees holding union office as evidenced by the greater political activity of those born in English speaking countries, with more education, and with higher pay. Status appears to have little effect on the propensity of employees to engage in grievance pressing. Age appears to be inversely correlated with the tendency of the individual to take part in union political activity. However, it seems to be unrelated to pressing of grievances. Grievance output in a conventional absentee shareholder owned plywood plant is briefly compared with activity in a "worker owned" plywood plant. / Arts, Faculty of / Sociology, Department of / Graduate

research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine. Johannesburg, 2018. / Objectives Present on arrival infection is a common indication for admission in surgical patients initially managed at primary care level. We aimed to describe the demographic and disease profile of patients with infection requiring surgical management, describe determinants of patients’ health seeking behaviour and identify barriers to care. Methods A prospective descriptive questionnaire based study was conducted at Edenvale General Hospital between February 2014 and October 2016. Minors were excluded. Results Eighty nine patients participated. Abscesses (26%, 23/89), diabetic foot (22%, 20/89), and cellulitis (16%, 14/89) were the largest categories of infection necessitating admission. The majority of patients were South African (88%, 78/89), Black African (82%, 73/89), males (58%, 52/89), without medical aid (99%, 88/89), who were not formally employed (58%, 52/89), were from poor households (74%, 73/89), inhabited some form of formal housing (90%, 80/89), were in charge of decisions regarding personal health (80%, 71/89), and first sought help at the primary care level (71%, 62/89). Delay from onset of symptoms to presentation was noted in 69% (61/89) of patients, and delay from presentation to referral to specialist care in 46% (41/89) of patients. Age, race, history of diabetes, and main source of monthly income were significant variables in delayed presentation (p<0.05), and age and level of care on first contact in delayed referral (p<0.05). The most common reason for delay to presentation (84%, 51/61) and referral (61%, 25/41) was patients’ own belief that the problem would get better spontaneously. Conclusions Patients’ socio-economic status, past medical history, demographics, level of first contact with the health care system, and perceptions of their own health contributed to delays in seeking and receiving care. Barriers to care may be addressed by improvements targeting issues of availability, accessibility, acceptability and affordability of health care services. / E.K. 2019