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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Enhancing Variability Modeling in Process-Aware Information Systems through Change Patterns

Ayora Esteras, Clara 02 December 2015 (has links)
[EN] The increasing adoption of process-aware information systems (PAISs) together with the high variability in business processes has resulted in collections of process families. These families correspond to a business process model and its variants, which can comprise hundreds or thousands of different ways of realizing this process. Modeling and managing process variability in this context can be very challenging due to the size of these families. Motivated by this challenge, several approaches enabling process variability have been developed. However, with these approaches PAIS engineers usually are required to model and manage one by one all the elements of a process family and ensure its correctness by their own. This can be tedious and error-prone especially when a process family comprises hundreds or thousands of process variants. For example, variability may not be properly reflected since PAIS engineers need to be aware of each variation of each process variant. Thus, there is a need of methods that allow PAIS engineers to model process variability more explicitly, especially at a level of abstraction higher than the one provided by the existing process variability approaches. However, how process variability is represented in existing approaches becomes critical for these methods (e.g., what language constructs are used to model process variability). In this context, the use of modeling patterns (reusable solutions to a commonly occurring problem) is a promising way to address these issues. For example, patterns have been proved as an efficient solution to model individual business processes. The objective of this thesis is to enhance the modeling of variability in process families through change patterns. First, we conduct a systematic study to analyze existing process variability approaches regarding their expressiveness with respect to process variability modeling as well as their process support. Thus, we can identify how process variability is actually modeled by existing approaches (i.e., a core set of variability-specific language constructs). In addition, based on the obtained empirical evidence, we derive the VIVACE framework, a complete characterization of process variability which comprises also a core set of features fostering process variability. VIVACE enables PAIS engineers to evaluate existing process variability approaches as well as to select that variability approach meeting their requirements best. In addition, it helps process engineers in dealing with PAISs supporting process variability. Second, to facilitate variability modeling in process families, based on the identified language constructs, we present a set of 10 change patterns and show how they can be implemented in a process variability approach. In particular, these patterns support process family modeling and evolution and are able to ensure process family correctness. In order to prove their effectiveness and analyze their suitability, we applied these change patterns in a real scenario. More concretely, we conduct a case study with a safety standard with a high degree of variability. The case study results show that the application of the change patterns can reduce the effort for process family modeling in a 34% and for evolution in a 40%. In addition, we have analyzed how PAIS engineers apply the patterns and their perceptions of this application. Most of them expressed some benefit when applying the change patterns, did not perceived an increase of mental effort for applying the patterns, and agreed upon the usefulness and ease of use of the patterns. / [ES] La creciente adopción de sistemas de información dirigidos por procesos de negocio (PAIS) junto con la alta variabilidad en dichos procesos, han dado lugar a la aparición de colecciones de familias de procesos. Estas familias están constituidas por un modelo de proceso de negocio y sus variantes, las cuales pueden comprender entre cientos y miles de diferentes formas de llevar a cabo ese proceso. Gestionar la variabilidad en este contexto puede resultar muy difícil dado el tamaño que estas familias pueden alcanzar. Motivados por este desafío, se han desarrollado varias soluciones que permiten la gestión de la variabilidad en los procesos de negocio. Sin embargo, con estas soluciones los ingenieros deben crear y gestionar uno por uno todos los elementos de las familias de procesos y asegurar ellos mismos su corrección. Esto puede resultar tedioso y propenso a errores especialmente cuando las familias están compuestas de miles de variantes. Por ejemplo, la variabilidad puede no quedar adecuadamente representada ya que los ingenieros deben ser conscientes de todas y cada una de las variaciones de todas las variantes. Así, son necesarios nuevos métodos que permitan modelar la variabilidad de los procesos de una manera más explícita, a un nivel de abstracción más alto del proporcionado por las soluciones actuales. Sin embargo, cómo se representa la variabilidad en estos métodos resulta crítico (ej.: qué primitivas se utilizan). En este contexto, el uso de patrones de modelado (soluciones reutilizables a un problema recurrente) resultan un camino prometedor. Por ejemplo, los patrones han sido probados como una solución eficaz para gestionar procesos de negocio individuales. El objetivo de esta tesis es mejorar el modelado de la variabilidad en las familias de procesos a través del uso de patrones de cambio. En primer lugar, hemos llevado a cabo un estudio sistemático con el fin de analizar las soluciones existentes que permiten gestionar la variabilidad en los procesos, así como el soporte que estas proporcionan. Así, hemos sido capaces de identificar y analizar cuál es el conjunto básico de primitivas específicas para representar la variabilidad. Además, basándonos en la evidencia empírica obtenida, hemos derivado el marco de evaluación VIVACE, el cual recoge las primitivas de variabilidad y un conjunto básico de características que favorecen la variabilidad en los procesos. El principal objetivo de VIVACE es conformar una completa caracterización de la variabilidad en los procesos de negocio. Asimismo, VIVACE permite evaluar las soluciones que gestionan la variabilidad en los procesos, así como seleccionar la solución que se ajuste mejor a sus necesidades. Finalmente, VIVACE puede ayudar a los ingenieros a gestionar PAISs con variabilidad. En segundo lugar, para facilitar el modelado de la variabilidad en las familias de procesos, basándonos en las primitivas identificadas, hemos definido un conjunto de 10 patrones de cambio y hemos mostrado cómo estos patrones pueden ser implementados. En particular, estos patrones ayudan al modelado y la evolución de familias de procesos y son capaces de garantizar la corrección de la propia familia. Para probar su efectividad y analizar su idoneidad, hemos aplicado estos patrones de cambio en un escenario real. En concreto, hemos llevado a cabo un caso de estudio con un estándar de seguridad con un alto nivel de variabilidad. Los resultados de este caso demuestran que la aplicación de nuestros patrones de cambio puede reducir el esfuerzo para el modelado de familias de procesos en un 34% y para la evolución de esos modelos en un 40%. Además, hemos analizado cómo los ingenieros aplican los patrones y cuáles son sus percepciones de esta aplicación. Como resultado, la mayoría de ellos encontró beneficios al aplicar los patrones. Además, no percibieron un aumento en el esfuerzo mental necesario para aplicarlos y estuvieron de acuerdo en la utilid / [CA] La creixent adopció de sistemes d'informació dirigits per processos de negoci (PAIS) junt amb l'alta variabilitat en eixos processos, han donat lloc a la aparició de col·leccions de famílies de processos. Estes famílies es formen de un model de procés de negoci i les seues variants, les quals poden comprendre entre cents i milers de diferents formes de dur a terme eixe procés. Modelar la variabilitat dels processos en este context pot resultar molt difícil donat la grandària que aquestes famílies poden aconseguir. Motivats per este desafiament, s'han desenvolupat diverses solucions que permeten la gestió de la variabilitat en els processos de negoci. No obstant, amb aquestes solucions els enginyers que treballen amb PAIS han de crear i gestionar un a un tots els elements de les famílies de processos i assegurar ells mateixos la seua correcció. Això pot resultar tediós i propens a errors especialment quan les famílies es componen de cents o milers de variants. Per exemple, la variabilitat pot no quedar adequadament representada ja que els enginyers han de ser conscients de totes i cadascuna una de les variacions de totes les variants. Per quest motiu, son necessaris nous mètodes que permeten als enginyers de PAIS modelar la variabilitat dels processos de manera més explícita, sobretot a un nivell d'abstracció més alt del proporcionat per les solucions actuals. No obstant, com es representa la variabilitat en aquestos mètodes resulta crític (ex.: quines primitives s'utilitzen per a modelar la variabilitat en els processos). En aquest context, l'ús de patrons de modelatge (solucions reutilitzables a un problema recurrent) resulten un camí prometedor. Per exemple, els patrons han sigut provats com una solució eficaç per modelar i gestionar processos de negoci individuals. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi 'es millorar el modelatge de la variabilitat en les famílies de processos a través de l'ús de patrons de canvi. En primer lloc, hem dut a terme un estudi sistemàtic per a analitzar les solucions existents per a gestionar la variabilitat en els processos, així com el suport que aquestes proporcionen. D'aquesta manera, som capaços d'identificar i analitzar quin 'es el conjunt bàsic de primitives específiques per a representar la variabilitat. A més, basant-nos en l'evidència empírica obtinguda, hem derivat el marc d'evacuació VIVACE, el qual arreplega les primitives de variabilitat i un conjunt bàsic de característiques que afavoreixen la variabilitat en els processos. Així mateix, VIVACE permet als enginyers de PAIS avaluar les solucions per a gestionar la variabilitat en els processos, així com seleccionar la solució que s'ajusta millor a les seues necessitats. Finalment, VIVACE també pot ajudar als enginyers a gestionar PAISs que donen suport a aquesta variabilitat. En segon lloc, per a facilitar el modelatge de la variabilitat en les famílies de processos, basant-nos en les primitives identificades, hem definit un conjunt de 10 patrons de canvi i hem mostrat com aquestos poden ser implementats. En particular, estos patrons ajuden al modelatge i l'evolució de famílies de processos i garanteixen la correcció de la pròpia família. Per a provar la seua efectivitat i analitzar la seua idoneïtat, hem aplicat els patrons de canvi en un escenari real. En particular, hem dut a terme un cas d'estudi amb un estàndard de seguretat amb un alt nivell de variabilitat. Els resultats de aquest cas demostren que l'aplicació dels nostres patrons de canvi poden reduir l'esforç per al modelatge de famílies de processos en un 34% i per a l'evolució de eixos models en un 40%. A més, hem analitzat com els enginyers de PAIS apliquen els patrons i quines son les seues percepcions d'esta aplicació. Com a resultat, la majoria d'ells va trobar beneficis al aplicar els patrons de canvi. A més, no van percebre un augment en l'esforç mental necessari per a aplicar-los i van estar d'acord en la utilitat i f / Ayora Esteras, C. (2015). Enhancing Variability Modeling in Process-Aware Information Systems through Change Patterns [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/58426
2

Sistemas de informação cientes de processos, robustos e confiáveis / Robust and reliable process-aware information systems

Schwerz, André Luis 08 December 2016 (has links)
Atualmente, diversas empresas e organizações estão cada vez mais empreendendo esforços para transformar rapidamente as suas potenciais ideias em produtos e serviços. Esses esforços também têm estimulado a evolução dos sistemas de informação que passaram a ser apoiados por modelos de alto nível de abstração para descrever a lógica do processo. Neste contexto, destaca-se o sucesso dos Sistemas de Informação cientes de Processos (PAIS, do inglês Process-Aware Information Systems) para o gerenciamento de processos de negócios e automação de processos científicos de larga escala (e-Science). Grande parte do sucesso dos PAIS é devido à capacidade de prover funcionalidades genéricas para modelagem, execução e monitoramento dos processos. Essas características são bem-sucedidas quando os modelos de processos têm um caminho bem-comportado no sentido de atingir os seus objetivos. No entanto, situações anômalas que desviam a execução desse caminho bem-comportado ainda representam um significativo desafio para os PAIS. Por causa dos vários tipos de falhas que desviam a execução do comportamento esperado, prover uma execução robusta e confiável é uma tarefa complexa para os atuais PAIS, uma vez que nem todas as situações de falha podem ser eficientemente descritas dentro da estrutura do fluxo tradicional. Como consequência, o tratamento de tais situações geralmente envolve intervenções manuais nos sistemas por operadores humanos, o que resulta em custos adicionais e significativos para as empresas. Neste trabalho é introduzido um método de composição para recuperação ciente de custos e benefícios que é capaz de encontrar e seguir caminhos alternativos que reduzam os prejuízos financeiros do tratamento de exceções. Do ponto de vista prático, esse método provê o tratamento de exceção automatizado e otimizado ao calcular os custos e benefícios de cada caminho de recuperação e escolher o caminho com a melhor relação custo-benefício disponível. Mais especificamente, o método de recuperação proposto estende a abordagem WED-flow (Workflow, Event processing and Data-flow) para permitir a composição ciente de custos e benefícios de passos de recuperação transacionais backward e forward. Por fim, os experimentos mostram que esse método de recuperação pode ser adequadamente incorporado para manipular exceções em uma ampla variedade de processos. / Nowadays, many corporations and organizations are increasingly making efforts to transform quickly and effectively their potential ideas into products and services. These efforts have also stimulated the evolution of information systems that are now supported by higher-level abstract models to describe the process logic. In this context, several sophisticated Process-Aware Information Systems (PAIS) have successfully been proposed for managing business processes and automating large-scale scientific (e-Science) processes. Much of this success is due to their ability to provide generic functionality for modeling, execution and monitoring processes. These functionalities work well when process models have a well-behaved path towards achieving their objectives. However, anomalous situations that fall outside of the well-behaved execution path still pose a significant challenge to PAIS. Because of the many types of failures that may deviate execution away from expected behaviors, provision of robust and reliable execution is a complex task for current PAIS, since not all failure situations can be efficiently modeled within the traditional flow structure. As a consequence, the treatment for such situations usually involves interventions in systems by human operators, which result in significant additional cost for businesses. In this work, we introduce a cost/benefit-aware recovery composition method that is able to find and follow alternative paths to reduce the financial side effects of exception handling. From a practical point of view, this method provides the automated and optimized exception handling, by calculating the cost and benefits of each recovery path, and choosing the recovery path with the best cost/benefits available. More specifically, our recovery method extends the WED-flow (Workflow, Event processing and Data-flow) approach for enabling cost/benefit-aware composition of forward and/or backward transactional recovery steps. Finally, the experiments point out that this recovery method can be suitably incorporated into exception handling within a wide variety of processes.
3

Sistemas de informação cientes de processos, robustos e confiáveis / Robust and reliable process-aware information systems

André Luis Schwerz 08 December 2016 (has links)
Atualmente, diversas empresas e organizações estão cada vez mais empreendendo esforços para transformar rapidamente as suas potenciais ideias em produtos e serviços. Esses esforços também têm estimulado a evolução dos sistemas de informação que passaram a ser apoiados por modelos de alto nível de abstração para descrever a lógica do processo. Neste contexto, destaca-se o sucesso dos Sistemas de Informação cientes de Processos (PAIS, do inglês Process-Aware Information Systems) para o gerenciamento de processos de negócios e automação de processos científicos de larga escala (e-Science). Grande parte do sucesso dos PAIS é devido à capacidade de prover funcionalidades genéricas para modelagem, execução e monitoramento dos processos. Essas características são bem-sucedidas quando os modelos de processos têm um caminho bem-comportado no sentido de atingir os seus objetivos. No entanto, situações anômalas que desviam a execução desse caminho bem-comportado ainda representam um significativo desafio para os PAIS. Por causa dos vários tipos de falhas que desviam a execução do comportamento esperado, prover uma execução robusta e confiável é uma tarefa complexa para os atuais PAIS, uma vez que nem todas as situações de falha podem ser eficientemente descritas dentro da estrutura do fluxo tradicional. Como consequência, o tratamento de tais situações geralmente envolve intervenções manuais nos sistemas por operadores humanos, o que resulta em custos adicionais e significativos para as empresas. Neste trabalho é introduzido um método de composição para recuperação ciente de custos e benefícios que é capaz de encontrar e seguir caminhos alternativos que reduzam os prejuízos financeiros do tratamento de exceções. Do ponto de vista prático, esse método provê o tratamento de exceção automatizado e otimizado ao calcular os custos e benefícios de cada caminho de recuperação e escolher o caminho com a melhor relação custo-benefício disponível. Mais especificamente, o método de recuperação proposto estende a abordagem WED-flow (Workflow, Event processing and Data-flow) para permitir a composição ciente de custos e benefícios de passos de recuperação transacionais backward e forward. Por fim, os experimentos mostram que esse método de recuperação pode ser adequadamente incorporado para manipular exceções em uma ampla variedade de processos. / Nowadays, many corporations and organizations are increasingly making efforts to transform quickly and effectively their potential ideas into products and services. These efforts have also stimulated the evolution of information systems that are now supported by higher-level abstract models to describe the process logic. In this context, several sophisticated Process-Aware Information Systems (PAIS) have successfully been proposed for managing business processes and automating large-scale scientific (e-Science) processes. Much of this success is due to their ability to provide generic functionality for modeling, execution and monitoring processes. These functionalities work well when process models have a well-behaved path towards achieving their objectives. However, anomalous situations that fall outside of the well-behaved execution path still pose a significant challenge to PAIS. Because of the many types of failures that may deviate execution away from expected behaviors, provision of robust and reliable execution is a complex task for current PAIS, since not all failure situations can be efficiently modeled within the traditional flow structure. As a consequence, the treatment for such situations usually involves interventions in systems by human operators, which result in significant additional cost for businesses. In this work, we introduce a cost/benefit-aware recovery composition method that is able to find and follow alternative paths to reduce the financial side effects of exception handling. From a practical point of view, this method provides the automated and optimized exception handling, by calculating the cost and benefits of each recovery path, and choosing the recovery path with the best cost/benefits available. More specifically, our recovery method extends the WED-flow (Workflow, Event processing and Data-flow) approach for enabling cost/benefit-aware composition of forward and/or backward transactional recovery steps. Finally, the experiments point out that this recovery method can be suitably incorporated into exception handling within a wide variety of processes.
4

Foundations of process-aware information systems

Russell, Nicholas Charles January 2007 (has links)
Over the past decade, the ubiquity of business processes and their need for ongoing management in the same manner as other corporate assets has been recognized through the establishment of a dedicated research area: Business Process Management (or BPM). There are a wide range of potential software technologies on which a BPM o®ering can be founded. Although there is signi¯cant variation between these alternatives, they all share one common factor { their execution occurs on the basis of a business process model { and consequently, this ¯eld of technologies can be termed Process-Aware Information Systems (or PAIS). This thesis develops a conceptual foundation for PAIS based on the results of a detailed examination of contemporary o®erings including work°ow and case han- dling systems, business process modelling languages and web service composition languages. This foundation is based on 126 patterns that identify recurrent core constructs in the control-°ow, data and resource perspectives of PAIS. These patterns have been used to evaluate some of the leading systems and business process modelling languages. It also proposes a generic graphical language for de¯ning exception handling strategies that span these perspectives. On the basis of these insights, a comprehensive reference language { newYAWL { is developed for business process modelling and enactment. This language is formally de¯ned and an abstract syntax and operational semantics are provided for it. An assessment of its capabilities is provided through a comprehensive patterns-based analysis which allows direct comparison of its functionality with other PAIS. newYAWL serves as a reference language and many of the ideas embodied within it are also applicable to existing languages and systems. The ultimate goal of both the patterns and newYAWL is to improve the support and applicability of PAIS.
5

Managing variability in process-aware information systems

La Rosa, Marcello January 2009 (has links)
Configurable process models are integrated representations of multiple variants of a process model in a given domain, e.g. multiple variants of a shipment-to-delivery process in the logistics domain. Configurable process models provide a basis for managing variability and for enabling reuse of process models in Process-Aware Information Systems. Rather than designing process models from scratch, analysts can derive process models by configuring existing ones, thereby reusing proven practices. This thesis starts with the observation that existing approaches for capturing and managing configurable process models suffer from three shortcomings that affect their usability in practice. Firstly, configuration in existing approaches is performed manually and as such it is error-prone. In particular, analysts are left with the burden of ensuring the correctness of the individualized models. Secondly, existing approaches suffer from a lack of decision support for the selection of configuration alternatives. Consequently, stakeholders involved in the configuration of process models need to possess expertise both in the application domain and in the modeling language employed. This assumption represents an adoption obstacle in domains where users are unfamiliar with modeling notations. Finally, existing approaches for configurable process modeling are limited in scope to control-flow aspects, ignoring other equally important aspects of process models such as object flow and resource management. Following a design science research method, this thesis addresses the above shortcomings by proposing an integrated framework to manage the configuration of process models. The framework is grounded on three original and interrelated contributions: (i) a conceptual foundation for correctness-preserving configuration of process models; (ii) a questionnaire-driven approach for process model configuration, providing decision support and abstraction from modeling notations; (iii) a meta-model for configurable process models covering control-flow, data objects and resources. While the framework is language-independent, an embodiment of the framework in the context of a process modeling language used in practice is also developed in this thesis. The framework was formally defined and validated using four scenarios taken from different domains. Moreover, a comprehensive toolset was implemented to support the validation of the framework.

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