The work deals with main aspects of computer efficiency increase. Object of investigation is a system consisting of processor, memory, other components and connecting links called buses. Rather different systems are used in modern world of information, so an interest arises to compare architectures of several producers. Comparison of systems is quite possible as the same architectural features bind them together: processor‘s clock speed, cache, memory, dual channel technology and others. To perform a comparative analysis, software has been used enabling to reveal increase of efficiency of separate computer components. Systems chosen for study are rather new from the point of view of technology: Intel Pentium 4, AMD Athlon XP and AMD Sempron. Experiments having been fulfilled, it came out that efficiency of a system for the most part depends on processor capacity: increase of its clock speed results in 9 – 13%, L1 cache has an effect even up to 1350% (theoretically), L2 cache – 30 – 38%. HyperThreading has been observed to mostly result in operations with floating point numbers (even up to 68%), and branch prediction would have theoretically to increase efficiency up to 47%. Estimating indicator of efficiency of the whole system, the results show that the main role belongs to processor. Influence of other components of the system is less noticeable. Working peculiarities of memory type determine rate of data selection and transmission from memory. The study has shown that... [to full text]