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Point Pleasant Produced Water Characterization: An Analysis of Past Production and Prediction of Future ProductionWilson, Victoria R. 05 June 2019 (has links)
No description available.
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Supercritical Water Desalination: Thermodynamic Characterization and Economic AnalysisAble, Chad 16 September 2020 (has links)
No description available.
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Membrane-Based Treatment of Produced WaterAlsalman, Murtada H. 08 1900 (has links)
Produced water (PW) is an oil and gas extraction byproduct that contains a variety of contaminants. PW was traditionally disposed of in deep injection wells or released into the environment. However, these practices may have environmental consequences. The reuse of PW for power water injection (PWI) can help to reduce these impacts by providing a renewable source of water that can be used to maintain production pressure and increase oil recovery. Additionally, the reuse of PW can save oil companies money on water treatment, transporting and disposal costs.
Ultrafiltration membranes are used to separate oil from water in produced water. However, ultrafiltration membranes are susceptible to severe fouling by oil molecules, which can reduce their performance. This research investigated the use of Pebax® coating to improve the performance of ultrafiltration membranes for oily-water mixture.
The results showed that Pebax® coating can enhance the resistance of membranes to fouling to fouling. The optimal balance between fouling resistance and water flux was found to be achieved by applying very thin coating layers and using appropriate solvents (e.g., n-Butanol).
The Pebax® coating creates an essentially defect-free layer on the membrane surface, as seen by the SEM images. Additionally, the coated membranes outperformed the untreated membranes in terms of fouling resistance. This result demonstrated that oil molecules showed less adhesion on the surface and penetration inside membrane pores, thus reducing fouling.
Overall, the findings of this research point to PEBAX® coating as a potential means of enhancing the ability of ultrafiltration membranes to resist fouling in the process of separating oil from water. To analyze the long-term performance of coated membranes and to optimize the coating procedure, additional research is required.
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Developing Methods for Proper Determination of Alkalinity in Oil and Gas Field BrinesDreher, Jason W. January 2022 (has links)
No description available.
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CFD Analysis of Supercritical Water Reactor for Flow Back and Produced Water TreatmentShrawage, Abhijeet J. 24 September 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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Enthalpy of Vaporization of Hypersaline Brine from 230 to 280 barOgden, David D. 11 July 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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Removal of Phenol from Oil/Gas Wastewater by Catalytic Supercritical Water TreatmentDe Silva, Chamara L. 08 July 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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Degrada??o eletroqu?mica de benzeno, tolueno e xileno via oxida??o eletroqu?mica utilizando eletrodo Ti/PtBrito, Jonas Araujo de 31 March 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / This work is directed to the treatment of organic compounds present in produced water
from oil using electrochemical technology. The water produced is a residue of the
petroleum industry are difficult to treat , since this corresponds to 98 % effluent from the
effluent generated in the exploration of oil and contains various compounds such as
volatile hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene), polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, carboxylic acids and inorganic compounds. There are
several types of treatment methodologies that residue being studied, among which are the
biological processes, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as electrochemical
treatments electrooxidation, electrocoagulation, electrocoagulation and eletroredution. The
electrochemical method is a method of little environmental impact because instead of
chemical reagents uses electron through reactions of oxide-reducing transforms toxic
substances into substances with less environmental impact. Thus, this paper aims to study
the electrochemical behavior and elimination of the BTX (benzene, toluene and xylene)
using electrode of Ti/Pt. For the experiment an electrochemical batch system consists of a
continuous source, anode Ti/Pt was used, applying three densities of current (1 mA/cm2,
2,5 mA/cm2 and 5 mA/cm2). The synthetic wastewater was prepared by a solution of
benzene, toluene and xylene with a concentration of 5 ppm, to evaluate the electrochemical
behavior by cyclic voltammetry and polarization curves, even before assessing the removal
of these compounds in solution by electrochemical oxidation. The behavior of each of the
compounds was evaluated by the use of electrochemical techniques indicate that each of
the compounds when evaluated by cyclic voltammetry showed partial oxidation behavior
via adsorption to the surface of the Ti/Pt electrode. The adsorption of each of the present
compounds depends on the solution concentration but there is the strong adsorption of
xylene. However, the removal was confirmed by UV-Vis, and analysis of total organic
carbon (TOC), which showed a percentage of partial oxidation (19,8 % - 99,1 % TOC
removed), confirming the electrochemical behavior already observed in voltammetry and
cyclic polarization curves / O presente trabalho ? dirigido ao tratamento de compostos org?nicos presentes na ?gua
produzida de petr?leo usando a tecnologia eletroqu?mica. A ?gua produzida ? um res?duo
da ind?stria do petr?leo de dif?cil tratamento, j? que este efluente corresponde a 98 % do
efluente gerado na explora??o do petr?leo e cont?m v?rios compostos, tais como
hidrocarbonetos vol?teis (benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xileno), hidrocarbonetos
polic?clicos arom?ticos (HPAs), fen?is, ?cidos carbox?licos e compostos inorg?nicos.
Existem v?rios tipos de metodologias de tratamento desse res?duo sendo estudadas, dentre
elas est?o os processos biol?gicos, os processos de oxida??o avan?ados (POAS),
tratamentos eletroqu?micos como eletroxida??o, eletrocoagula??o, eletroflota??o e
eletroredu??o. O tratamento eletroqu?mico ? um m?todo ambientalmente correto, pois em
vez de reagentes qu?micos utiliza o el?tron que atrav?s de rea??es de oxido redu??o
transforma as subst?ncias t?xicas em subst?ncias de menor impacto ambiental. Assim, este
trabalho se prop?e a estudar o comportamento eletroqu?mico e a degrada??o dos BTX
(benzeno, tolueno e xileno) usando o eletrodo de Ti/Pt. Para os experimentos foi utilizado
um sistema eletroqu?mico em batelada composto por uma fonte de corrente cont?nua,
?nodo de Ti∕Pt, aplicando tr?s densidades de corrente (1,0 mA/cm2, 2,5 mA/cm2 e 5,0
mA/cm2). O efluente sint?tico foi preparado mediante uma solu??o de benzeno, tolueno e
xileno com concentra??o de 5 ppm, com objetivo de avaliar o comportamento
eletroqu?mico atrav?s de voltametria c?clica e curvas de polariza??o, antes mesmo de
avaliar a remo??o desses compostos em solu??o atrav?s de oxida??o eletroqu?mica. O
comportamento de cada um dos compostos foi avaliado mediante o uso de t?cnicas
eletroqu?micas indicando que cada um dos compostos quando avaliado por voltametria
c?clica, mostrou um comportamento de oxida??o parcial via adsor??o na superf?cie do
eletrodo de Ti/Pt. A adsor??o de cada um dos compostos depende da concentra??o presente
em solu??o, mas destaca-se a forte adsor??o do xileno. Entretanto, a remo??o foi
comprovada atrav?s de espectrofotometria UV-Vis, e analises de carbono org?nico total
(COT), os quais mostraram um percentual de oxida??o parcial (de 19,8 a 99,1% de COT
removido), confirmando o comportamento eletroqu?mico j? observado na voltametria
c?clica e curvas de polariza??o
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Tratamento de água de produção de petróleo através de membranas e processos oxidativos avançados / Treatment of produced-water by membranes and advanced oxidative processesVanessa Augusta Pires de Macedo 16 October 2009 (has links)
A exploração de petróleo é uma das mais importantes atividades industriais da sociedade moderna e seus derivados tem inúmeras aplicações em relação processos industriais.A água que é separada do petróleo é chamada água de produção de petróleo. A composição da água de produção de petróleo é muito complexa, sendo a alta salinidade sua característica marcante podendo chegar a 120 g .L-1. em cloretos. Devido ao volume e a complexidade da água de produção de petróleo o seu tratamento é um grande problema para as indústrias petrolíferas. Neste trabalho foi possível concluir que a combinação das técnicas de coagulação/floculação, microfiltração e processos oxidativos avançados (TiO2/UV/H2O2) foi eficiente para a remoção de fenol da água de produção de petróleo. Na etapa de coagulação/floculação o tempo de repouso, a interação entre o agente coagulante e o pH assim como a interação dos três parâmetros analisados foi estatisticamente significativa para remoção de turbidez considerando um grau de 95% de confiança. Nesta etapa a maior redução de turbidez foi obtida utilizando PAC como agente coagulante em pH 3 e tempo de repouso da amostra de 10 min. A seqüência de tratamentos proposta (coagulação/floculação; membranas; POAs) não se mostrou economicamente viável devido à necessidade de remoção do TiO2 no final do processo. / Oil exploration is one of the most important industrial activities of modern society and their products have numerous applications in industrials process. The water that is separated from oil production is called produced water. The composition of this water is very complex, high salinity and phenol are it principal characteristic, chlorides may reach 120 g.L-1. Due to the volume and complexity of the produced water it treatment is the major problem of the oil industries. In this study it was concluded that the combination of the techniques of coagulation / flocculation, microfiltration and advanced oxidation processes (TiO2/UV/H2O2) was efficient for phenol removal. During the coagulation / flocculation step, the rest time, the interaction between coagulant agent and pH as well as the interaction of the three analyzed parameters was significant for turbidity removal considering a 95% of confidence. At this stage the greatest reduction of turbidity was obtained using PAC as coagulant agent at pH 3 and 10 minutes sample of rest time. The proposed treatment sequence (coagulation / flocculation; membranes; AOPs) was not economically viable due to necessity of TiO2 removal at the end of the process.
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Tratamento de água de produção de petróleo através de membranas e processos oxidativos avançados / Treatment of produced-water by membranes and advanced oxidative processesMacedo, Vanessa Augusta Pires de 16 October 2009 (has links)
A exploração de petróleo é uma das mais importantes atividades industriais da sociedade moderna e seus derivados tem inúmeras aplicações em relação processos industriais.A água que é separada do petróleo é chamada água de produção de petróleo. A composição da água de produção de petróleo é muito complexa, sendo a alta salinidade sua característica marcante podendo chegar a 120 g .L-1. em cloretos. Devido ao volume e a complexidade da água de produção de petróleo o seu tratamento é um grande problema para as indústrias petrolíferas. Neste trabalho foi possível concluir que a combinação das técnicas de coagulação/floculação, microfiltração e processos oxidativos avançados (TiO2/UV/H2O2) foi eficiente para a remoção de fenol da água de produção de petróleo. Na etapa de coagulação/floculação o tempo de repouso, a interação entre o agente coagulante e o pH assim como a interação dos três parâmetros analisados foi estatisticamente significativa para remoção de turbidez considerando um grau de 95% de confiança. Nesta etapa a maior redução de turbidez foi obtida utilizando PAC como agente coagulante em pH 3 e tempo de repouso da amostra de 10 min. A seqüência de tratamentos proposta (coagulação/floculação; membranas; POAs) não se mostrou economicamente viável devido à necessidade de remoção do TiO2 no final do processo. / Oil exploration is one of the most important industrial activities of modern society and their products have numerous applications in industrials process. The water that is separated from oil production is called produced water. The composition of this water is very complex, high salinity and phenol are it principal characteristic, chlorides may reach 120 g.L-1. Due to the volume and complexity of the produced water it treatment is the major problem of the oil industries. In this study it was concluded that the combination of the techniques of coagulation / flocculation, microfiltration and advanced oxidation processes (TiO2/UV/H2O2) was efficient for phenol removal. During the coagulation / flocculation step, the rest time, the interaction between coagulant agent and pH as well as the interaction of the three analyzed parameters was significant for turbidity removal considering a 95% of confidence. At this stage the greatest reduction of turbidity was obtained using PAC as coagulant agent at pH 3 and 10 minutes sample of rest time. The proposed treatment sequence (coagulation / flocculation; membranes; AOPs) was not economically viable due to necessity of TiO2 removal at the end of the process.
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