Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Erlangen.

Thesis (M.S.) in Resource Ecomonics and Policy--University of Maine, 2001. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-87).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 221-233). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Typescript, etc. / Digitized by Kansas State University Libraries

No description available.

Product design decisions can result in unintended consequences that propagate across multiple life-phases such as manufacturing, use and disposal. If designers are to generate 'life-oriented' solutions, handling this phenomena is a necessity. Due to the sequence of life-phases, knowledge of such 'life-cycle consequences' (LCCs) is generated late, after decisions have been committed. Thus, designers have difficulties in foreseeing LCCs co-evolving with their solution. Further, a literature review established that, designers currently lack adequate support to foresee and explore LCCs during synthesis. To address this 'Design Synthesis for Multi-X (DsF∑X)' problem, this thesis proposes, implements and evaluates a computational 'Knowledge of life-cycle Consequences (KC)' approach. The establishment of a phenomena model disclosing how LCCs are generated from two different conditions has highlighted the necessity of concurrent 'artefact' and 'Iifephase system' synthesis. This provided a foundation of how to model and timely utilize LCC knowledge for revealing LCCs co-evolving with a solution description. This resulted in a framework for the 'KC' approach consisting of: the 'LGG knowledge modelling frame' which presents a formalism of 'what' elements to acquire and model for an application domain, together with how to structure the established relationships into 'LCC inference' and 'LCC action' knowledge; an 'artefact life modelling' frame which provides a formalism for describing 'artefact life' compositional models that support the inference of LCCs; and the 'operational frame' which discloses principles of how a LCC knowledge model can be utilized to amplify the human designer's capabilities. By identifying system requirements, an architecture and knowledge codification schemes, the framework was realized as a Knowledge Intensive GAD prototype, 'FORESEE', for the thermoplastic component domain. An evaluation of FORESEE established that the 'KC' approach integrates synthesis with foreseeing multiple LCCs. This is fundamentally different from first generating a candidate solution and afterwards analysing the solution for conflicts with artefact life issues. The 'KC' approach thus provides a step towards realizing pro-active DsF∑X support. However, further work is required to the framework and FORESEE to practically exploit its utilization.

No description available.

INTRODUCTION: Poor management of health-care waste can cause serious disease to health-care personnel, waste workers, patients and the general public. The greatest risk is posed by infectious waste. Through the observation of the researcher, the management of sharp waste in rural clinics in Swaziland seemed to be poor because waste was often seen scattered around the clinics. This motivated the researcher to scrutinize the reason behind the situation in clinics. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to evaluate the management of sharp waste in 35 rural clinics in Swaziland. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY a) To assess the degree to which resources are available to enable staff to adhere to procedures regarding the segregation, storage, transportation and treatment of sharp waste in rural clinics in Swaziland. b) To determine if relevant documents to address the management of sharp waste in rural clinics are available and accessible. c) To determine perceptions of clinic managers for failures to comply fully with sharp waste management standards. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. Methods of data acquisition were by acquiring observation checklist and interviewing clinic managers on sharp waste management practices in their clinics. The researcher sampled 35 clinics. A convenience sample method was used. RESULTS: NATIONALLY Ninety four percent (94%) of the sampled clinics had sharp waste containers to segregate sharp waste properly. Sixty five percent (65%) had punctured proof containers. Eighty percent (80%) had sharp waste containers. Eighty six percentage (86%) sealed sharp waste at ¾ full. Twenty percentage (20%) did not have storage areas for sharp waste. Only one (3%) had a waste trolley. There was availability of protective clothing for all health personnel. Seventy seven percentage (77%) clinics did not have full protective clothing for waste handlers. Fifty one percent (51%) did not have risk waste pit/incinerator. Most of the clinics in the four regions did not have the Waste Regulation 2000, Health Care Waste Management plan document or the National Health Care Waste Guidelines. Twenty nine percent (29%) had done trainings on health care waste management. REGIONALLY Almost all the clinics had 100% compliance in the availability of sharp waste containers for segregating health care waste except the Lubombo region that had 78% compliance. There was no 100% compliance in all the regions on the availability of puncture proof containers. The Shiselweni region had a very poor compliance as compared to other regions. It was observed that not all clinics sealed their containers when ¾ full. The Shiselweni region had lower compliance by 78% and Hhohho region had the highest compliancy of 100%. There was poor availability of storage areas. All the regions were less than 50% compliance in the provision of the storage area. Shiselweni region was the only region that was above 50% compliancy. There was very poor availability of transportation waste trolleys. Only one clinic in Shiselweni region had transportation waste trolley. There was 100% compliance in the availability of protective clothing for health personnel. There was poor availability of protective clothing for waste handlers. Shiselweni region was the only region that was above 50% compliance, the rest had a very low compliance. There was poor availability of risk waste pit/incinerator in Hhohho and Manzini region. Their compliance was less than 50%. Shiselweni andLubombo region were above 50% compliance. Availability of legislation was very poor in regions. The Hhohho and Manzini were the worst regions in terms of compliancy. They had 0% compliancy. The Lubombo region had the highest compliancy of 33% and this was very low since it was below 50%. INTERVIEWS Eighty six percent (86%) clinic managers revealed that there was poor availability of resources in their clinics and that was why their clinics were not complying. Eighty six percent (86%) of clinic managers recommended that there should be availability of resources; few recommended that there should be availability of protective clothing for the waste handlers and regulations. Seventy one percent (71%) clinic managers needed technical support on incinerators/risk waste pit, Twenty percent (20%) need supported on trainings of health care waste. CONCLUSION: There was poor availability of resources and there were poor relevant documents to address the management of sharp waste containers in most clinics. All clinic managers during their interviews felt that they needed close supervision and technical support from their supervisors so that it could be easy for the supervisors to identify any problems associated in clinics. RECOMMENDATIONS: The study revealed that sharp waste management was not well managed in all the stages from segregation to disposal. It is the responsibility of Supervisors in clinics to make sure that there is availability of resources in clinics to enable staff to adhere to procedures regarding the segregation, storage, transportation and treatment of sharp waste in rural clinics in Swaziland. Relevant documents should be available to address the management of sharp waste containers. There should be close supervision in clinics from supervisors

A convergent synthesis of epothilone B that generates all seven of its asymmetric centers in a completely stereoselective fashion has been completed. Key reactions include an anti-Felkin aldol condensation to set the C6 and C7 stereochemistry, a directed α-hydroxylation to install the C15 (S)-hydroxyl substituent, and a Wittig condensation to join two main subunits via C-C bond formation at C9-C10. In addition, through modifications to the C9-C10 region of the macrolide, several novel and cytotoxic epothilone analogues were synthesized. Bioassay data comparing the antiproliferative activity and tubulin polymerization of the analogues with epothilone B, epothilone D, and paclitaxel showed that the synthetic analogues were less potent than their natural counterparts. / Graduation date: 2005