<p>The manufacturing sequence may to a large extent influence properties like residual stresses and hardness and, as a consequence, the fatigue life and shape accuracy of a component. By simulating the manufacturing sequence and extract important accumulated data, the possibilities of early analysis of a design concept of a component and optimisation of the complete manufacturing sequence may increase. An established methodology has the potential to reduce physical testing, increase the process knowledge and reduce product development time and costs. This thesis suggests principles for simulating manufacturing sequences for forged and sheet metal-formed components.</p><p>It is possible to establish virtual manufacturing sequences and connect different commercial simulation softwares into a chain with support from methods for data communication and in process modelling. However, the data communication has pitfalls and also material data, process data and material models for single processes may be insufficient in order to conduct a quantitative analysis of the accumulated properties. Thus, a thorough validation of the sequential simulation results should be performed. Further, engineering simplifications of the sequence are recommended and e.g. a combination of numerical and empirical methods may be preferable in order to predict accumulated results with high accuracy. Future development concerning standards for data communication as well as meshing, mapping and modelling technique is recommended in order to improve the quality of the accumulated results. Finally, methods for integration of sequential simulation in the overall component design process, including conventional Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA), should be developed. The main advantage of sequential simulation may be conceptual studies of process and material parameter variations and their influence on the final product properties.</p><p>Paper I describes how to select the most critical process parameters in a manufacturing sequence. Paper II describes how to establish a sequence using a combination of numerical and empirical methods and paper III describes state of the art concerning shot peening simulation.</p>

<p>The need and demands within the automotive industry on quality systems and processes are high. The most widely spread document for quality control is the standard ISO/TS 16949. The aim with the APQP-process is to build the quality of the product and process for new designs or re-designs. The aim of this project is to find a customized, when it comes to the design process, APQP-process for Fuji Autotech with focus on the two first phases where most of the design activities are performed. This is done by studying the existing APQP-process at Fuji Autotech and comparing it with mainly the standard ISO/TS 16949, interviewing personnel at the company, and empirical studies of the process. The focus areas are therefore to find a process that suites the company and contribute to the academia by sharing experience to the University. Three issues where considered being of importance for the outcome of the project.</p><p>Question 1: Which factors are necessary to follow-up when assuring the quality of a project?</p><p>Question 2: How does the process for quality assuring a project look like today?</p><p>Question 3: How may the process for quality assurance of a project be optimized?</p><p>The result from this research project is two new process maps and a new APQP process flow for Fuji Autotech has been created. The studies performed, within this research project have identified the following key factors for obtaining a good quality.</p><ul><li>Existence of a management systems for quality</li><li>Management responsibility</li><li>Management of resources</li><li>Product design</li><li>Measure, Analyze and Improvement</li><li>Fulfilment of customer needs</li><li>Fulfilment of requirements</li></ul> / PREPARE

<p>Beteendevetenskapen har 80 års vetenskaplig bakrund, tillämpningen av dess metodik inom näringslivet har pågått i cirka 30 år och i Sverige har den knappt börjat. Kärnan av dess tillämpning utgår ifrån beteendeanalys som är ett vetenskapligt metodik som syftar till att förstå varför människor gör det de gör i olika situationer. Att tillämpa beteendeanalys inom individuell psykologisk behandling så som KBT (Kognitiv Beteendeterapi) har visat sig vara en både tids- och kostnadseffektiv såväl som framgångsrik metod. Forskning och tillämpningen av metodiken inom näringslivet för arbetsledning och organisationsutveckling är i det närmaste obefintlig i Sverige trots att den vunnit mark utomlands i många föregångsländer och stora företag.</p><p>Den beteendevetenskapliga organisationslitteraturen och dess forskare hävdar att ledarskap utan kunskap om beteendevetenskapliga metoder skadar både produktivitet, personlig utveckling och trivsel på arbetet. Det finns en väl utvecklad och vetenskapligt underbyggd forskning, framgångsrika referensföretag samt en mängd vinster med arbetssättet och ändå fortsätter företag och dess chefer att gång på gång jaga kortsiktiga vinster och investera i utvecklingsförsök som inte leder till en konkret förändring i verksamheten. Företag tappar personal, lönsamhet och engagemang och försöker ännu mer och ännu hårdare med en redan dåligt fungerande strategi som många gånger är baserade på felaktiga grundantaganden och övertygelser om varför de anställda gör det de gör.</p><p>I detta arbete redogörs, genom en litteraturstudie, vad metodiken går ut på samt att försök att förklara metodikens centrala begrepp utifrån författarnas synvinkel. Ett bekvämlighetsurval av 10 svenska företagsledare som på något sätt kommit i kontakt med metodiken har tillfrågats, genom en semistrukturerad intervju, om deras synvinkel på denna metodik. Enligt företagsledarna finns intresse och stora vinster av tillämpning men hinder finns också främst i form av tidsbrist och okunskap om metodiken och dess tillämpning.</p><p>Företagen behöver konkret hjälp och handledning på plats för sina arbetsledare. De största skillnaderna mellan denna metodik och det mer traditionella ledarskapet ligger i grundantagandet om vad som styr människors beteende. Tillämpningen av metodiken sker tvärt emot vår övertygelse att koncentrera oss på det som sker innan beteendet och istället koncetrera oss på vad som sker direkt efteråt. Förespråkarna hävdar att insatsen kräver ett nytt agerande men effekten bli mer hållbar och gynnar såväl de anställda som företagets egna utveckling.</p> / <p>Behavioral science has over 80 years of scientific studies and history. The application of its methodology within the business community has been taking place for approximately 30 years, but in Sweden it has hardly begun. The core of its application is taken from behavior analysis that is a scientific methodology that aims to understand why people do what they do in different situations. To apply behavior analysis within individual psychological treatment such as CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) has been shown to be time and cost efficient, as well as a successful method. The application of the methodology within the business community for group and organizational development is nearly non-existent in Sweden despite its breakthrough abroad in many big companies.</p><p>The organizational literature of behavior science and its researchers claim that leadership without knowledge of scientific behavioral methods damages productivity, personal development and motivation at work. There is sustainable and scientifically supported research, successful reference companies and a potentially great amount of profit with this approach. Nevertheless companies and their managers continue to chase short-term profits and invest in efforts that do not result in concrete change in their businesses. Companies lose personnel, profitability and commitment and still try more and harder with an already poor operational strategy. The strategy is often based on incorrect assumptions and convictions of why employees do what they do.</p><p>In this thesis, I will clarify the aim of this methodology and explain its central concepts. According to ten Swedish companies there are some direct benefits from applying this methodology. The obstacles they refer to are lack of time and ignorance about the methodology and its application.</p><p>Companies in general need specific help and guidance on site for their supervisors. The biggest difference between this methodology and more traditional leadership lies in the basic assumption about what governs people's behavior. The application of this methodology works in a different way of what we are traditionally taught within management. We have to concentrate on what happens after the actual behavior instead of focusing on what we should be done before it happens. The initiative requires a new way of acting, but there will be more sustainable effects and it will be more favorable for both employees and the overall business development.</p>

Beteendevetenskapen har 80 års vetenskaplig bakrund, tillämpningen av dess metodik inom näringslivet har pågått i cirka 30 år och i Sverige har den knappt börjat. Kärnan av dess tillämpning utgår ifrån beteendeanalys som är ett vetenskapligt metodik som syftar till att förstå varför människor gör det de gör i olika situationer. Att tillämpa beteendeanalys inom individuell psykologisk behandling så som KBT (Kognitiv Beteendeterapi) har visat sig vara en både tids- och kostnadseffektiv såväl som framgångsrik metod. Forskning och tillämpningen av metodiken inom näringslivet för arbetsledning och organisationsutveckling är i det närmaste obefintlig i Sverige trots att den vunnit mark utomlands i många föregångsländer och stora företag. Den beteendevetenskapliga organisationslitteraturen och dess forskare hävdar att ledarskap utan kunskap om beteendevetenskapliga metoder skadar både produktivitet, personlig utveckling och trivsel på arbetet. Det finns en väl utvecklad och vetenskapligt underbyggd forskning, framgångsrika referensföretag samt en mängd vinster med arbetssättet och ändå fortsätter företag och dess chefer att gång på gång jaga kortsiktiga vinster och investera i utvecklingsförsök som inte leder till en konkret förändring i verksamheten. Företag tappar personal, lönsamhet och engagemang och försöker ännu mer och ännu hårdare med en redan dåligt fungerande strategi som många gånger är baserade på felaktiga grundantaganden och övertygelser om varför de anställda gör det de gör. I detta arbete redogörs, genom en litteraturstudie, vad metodiken går ut på samt att försök att förklara metodikens centrala begrepp utifrån författarnas synvinkel. Ett bekvämlighetsurval av 10 svenska företagsledare som på något sätt kommit i kontakt med metodiken har tillfrågats, genom en semistrukturerad intervju, om deras synvinkel på denna metodik. Enligt företagsledarna finns intresse och stora vinster av tillämpning men hinder finns också främst i form av tidsbrist och okunskap om metodiken och dess tillämpning. Företagen behöver konkret hjälp och handledning på plats för sina arbetsledare. De största skillnaderna mellan denna metodik och det mer traditionella ledarskapet ligger i grundantagandet om vad som styr människors beteende. Tillämpningen av metodiken sker tvärt emot vår övertygelse att koncentrera oss på det som sker innan beteendet och istället koncetrera oss på vad som sker direkt efteråt. Förespråkarna hävdar att insatsen kräver ett nytt agerande men effekten bli mer hållbar och gynnar såväl de anställda som företagets egna utveckling. / Behavioral science has over 80 years of scientific studies and history. The application of its methodology within the business community has been taking place for approximately 30 years, but in Sweden it has hardly begun. The core of its application is taken from behavior analysis that is a scientific methodology that aims to understand why people do what they do in different situations. To apply behavior analysis within individual psychological treatment such as CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) has been shown to be time and cost efficient, as well as a successful method. The application of the methodology within the business community for group and organizational development is nearly non-existent in Sweden despite its breakthrough abroad in many big companies. The organizational literature of behavior science and its researchers claim that leadership without knowledge of scientific behavioral methods damages productivity, personal development and motivation at work. There is sustainable and scientifically supported research, successful reference companies and a potentially great amount of profit with this approach. Nevertheless companies and their managers continue to chase short-term profits and invest in efforts that do not result in concrete change in their businesses. Companies lose personnel, profitability and commitment and still try more and harder with an already poor operational strategy. The strategy is often based on incorrect assumptions and convictions of why employees do what they do. In this thesis, I will clarify the aim of this methodology and explain its central concepts. According to ten Swedish companies there are some direct benefits from applying this methodology. The obstacles they refer to are lack of time and ignorance about the methodology and its application. Companies in general need specific help and guidance on site for their supervisors. The biggest difference between this methodology and more traditional leadership lies in the basic assumption about what governs people's behavior. The application of this methodology works in a different way of what we are traditionally taught within management. We have to concentrate on what happens after the actual behavior instead of focusing on what we should be done before it happens. The initiative requires a new way of acting, but there will be more sustainable effects and it will be more favorable for both employees and the overall business development.

The need and demands within the automotive industry on quality systems and processes are high. The most widely spread document for quality control is the standard ISO/TS 16949. The aim with the APQP-process is to build the quality of the product and process for new designs or re-designs. The aim of this project is to find a customized, when it comes to the design process, APQP-process for Fuji Autotech with focus on the two first phases where most of the design activities are performed. This is done by studying the existing APQP-process at Fuji Autotech and comparing it with mainly the standard ISO/TS 16949, interviewing personnel at the company, and empirical studies of the process. The focus areas are therefore to find a process that suites the company and contribute to the academia by sharing experience to the University. Three issues where considered being of importance for the outcome of the project. Question 1: Which factors are necessary to follow-up when assuring the quality of a project? Question 2: How does the process for quality assuring a project look like today? Question 3: How may the process for quality assurance of a project be optimized? The result from this research project is two new process maps and a new APQP process flow for Fuji Autotech has been created. The studies performed, within this research project have identified the following key factors for obtaining a good quality. Existence of a management systems for quality Management responsibility Management of resources Product design Measure, Analyze and Improvement Fulfilment of customer needs Fulfilment of requirements / PREPARE

Car-O-Liner i Kungsör är en komplett tillverkare av reparationssystem för krockskadade fordon, vars produktion hindras av okontrollerade lager. Företaget har förhoppningen om att en frikopplingspunkt skulle kunna bidra till en mer kontrollerad produktion, och därigenom nå en högre leveransprecision. Frikopplingspunkten är tänkt att upprättas i form utav en supermarket, och examensarbetet syftar därför till att undersöka möjligheterna till ett upprättande utav en supermarket samt att föreslå en lämplig återfyllnadsmetodik. Målsättningen är att presentera ett nytt materialhanteringskoncept som effektiviserar och framförallt förenklar produktionen, med förhoppning att samtidigt göra verksamheten mer flexibel och därigenom höja leveranssäkerheten.Fokus för projektet ligger på produktionsgrupperna Bänkrobot och Detaljrobot som sätter takten för resterande flöden. I produktionsgrupperna har materialhanteringen studerats, och med hjälp av spagettidiagram har rörelsescheman kartlagts. Rapporten baseras på observationer, intervjuer och beräkningar.Observationer över det nuvarande tillståndet visade tydliga tecken på förbättringsmöjligheter, där bl.a. stora tillverkningsorder låste produktionen och därmed hämmade en viktig artikelvariation. Genom dessa observationer identifierades även slöserier av olika former, där den främsta anses vara överproduktion. Flera aktiviteter som inte tillför värde, men som är nödvändiga för produktionen identifierades, främst berörande materialförsörjningen till produktionsgrupperna.Projektet delades in i olika faser, teoristudier, nulägesbeskrivning och en nulägesanalys som därefter kopplats samman och utifrån denna data har ett lämpligt konceptförslag utformats. Detta innehållandes en supermarketlösning. Utifrån konceptet sammanställs kapitalbindningen varifrån uppdragsgivaren får ta ställning till den svåra avvägningen mellan resursutnyttjning, kapitalbindning och leveransservice. Teoristudier har genomförts för att förankra genomföranden och idéer genom projektet för att öka dess tillförlitlighet.Car-O-Liner rekommenderas att implementera det föreslagna produktionskonceptet för att kunna uppnå ett snabbare och framförallt stabilare värdeflöde av produkter genom fabriken, och därmed kunna möta det ökande och framförallt varierande kundbehovet.Slutsatserna visar på att ett resurssnålt, förbrukningsstyrt och sammanlänkat värdeflöde är möjligt att uppnå med hjälp av enkla metoder och verktyg, inspirerade av Lean. Med ett fortsatt systematiskt förbättringsarbete är författarens åsikt att genomloppstider går att sänka dramatiskt, vilket kan göra att man på sikt kan arbeta med lägre lagervolymer. Detta i sin tur frigör kapital och framförallt produceras produkter som verkligen efterfrågas.

Abstract Title                                      Continuous improvement – Motivating ICA´s  personnel to    a greater engagement. Problem                                  Getting ICA: s employees involved with continuing improvements. Purpose                                  To motivate ICA: s employees to a higher degree of commitment and    contributing with ideas and embracing approved improvements.  Research questions    - How should the employees be properly motivated to contribute with   suggestions for improvement?    - What message and content should improvements send to inspire the   employees?   - Witch channels should be used to capture the employee’s attention?   - How can best practice be recognized and how can the knowledge be spread  through the organization? Methodology                          Initially a theory study was completed and from the results a case study were  conducted. Conclusion                             Combining success factors for continuing improvements.  To get the      employees feeling appreciated with their work.  Results             By combining ten sucessfactors and trying to see the whole picture.

<p>This thesis was undertaken in order to determine whether or not an innovative company in general would be classified as a Cleantech company and how this could be done.</p><p>Cleantech is a diverse range of products and services that harness renewable materials and energy sources and substantially reduce the use of all resources and dramatically cut or eliminate emissions and waste. So far Cleantech is a fairly new concept which has caught a lot of Investors attention, making it even more interesting to study.</p><p>In the thesis report, the data used ranges from face to face interview results, telephone interview results, email information, documents and various articles. Apart from having a general aim, the thesis also looks at a case study in order to have an in depth study. HTC Sweden AB is the case study company that has been studied. The company is located in Söderköping Sweden, and it specialises in professional floor systems. The company is focused on being innovative while maintaining its environmental consciousness.</p><p>With the use of a Backcasting methodology, various strategies were suggested on how HTC Sweden AB would be globally recognised as a Cleantech company; having discovered that it already qualifies to be called Cleantech. The suggested strategies for HTC Sweden AB include:</p><p>-  Marketing HTC Sweden AB as Cleantech</p><p>-  Promoting the companies environmental image</p><p>-  Focus on energy technology</p><p>The thesis also discusses how other companies in general would also be able to use the strategies that have been suggested for HTC AB.</p>

This thesis was undertaken in order to determine whether or not an innovative company in general would be classified as a Cleantech company and how this could be done. Cleantech is a diverse range of products and services that harness renewable materials and energy sources and substantially reduce the use of all resources and dramatically cut or eliminate emissions and waste. So far Cleantech is a fairly new concept which has caught a lot of Investors attention, making it even more interesting to study. In the thesis report, the data used ranges from face to face interview results, telephone interview results, email information, documents and various articles. Apart from having a general aim, the thesis also looks at a case study in order to have an in depth study. HTC Sweden AB is the case study company that has been studied. The company is located in Söderköping Sweden, and it specialises in professional floor systems. The company is focused on being innovative while maintaining its environmental consciousness. With the use of a Backcasting methodology, various strategies were suggested on how HTC Sweden AB would be globally recognised as a Cleantech company; having discovered that it already qualifies to be called Cleantech. The suggested strategies for HTC Sweden AB include: -  Marketing HTC Sweden AB as Cleantech -  Promoting the companies environmental image -  Focus on energy technology The thesis also discusses how other companies in general would also be able to use the strategies that have been suggested for HTC AB.

<p>For a company to be competitive today, one way is to create a natural feedback loop from the production department to the design department with information regarding the production systems ability to deliver a finished component. The purpose with this feedback loop is to create respect for tolerances and to more design for manufacturing and assembly. The studied company in this thesis work developed a quality program to reach a spiral of continuous improvements to reduce cost of poor quality (CoPQ) and to reach an improved quality level (PPM). The object of this work was to test and improve the quality program called The Zero Tolerance Program. Delimitations were made when the work was started and ongoing which led to that the impact on PPM could not be studied. The connection to CoPQ was difficult to obtain and could only be proved theoretically, not practically, due to the short timetable.</p><p>During the short amount of time the right root cause could not be found. The thesis work findings came to a number of identified Measurable Success Criteria and requirements which must be in place for the further progress of The Zero Tolerance Program.</p> / PREPARE