Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1935. / Typescript. With this is bound: The relative prestige of twenty professions as judged by three groups of professional students / by Walter Coutu. Reprinted from Social forces, vol. 14, no. 4 (May 1936), p. [522]-529. Includes bibliographical references (leaves i-iii).

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2001. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 242-255). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Les professions réglementées font l’objet de critiques de nature économique et sociale, qui interrogent directement la nécessité et la proportionnalité des cadres juridiques à leur soutien. L’époque apparaissant propice au questionnement et à la réformation de certaines d’entre elles, la présente recherche s’attache à interroger celles du champ sportif et notamment la profession d’éducateur sportif. Pour cette dernière qui regroupe en réalité une mosaïque de métiers (animateur, entraîneur, enseignant et éducateur) les entraves posées à son accès et à son exercice par le Code du sport ainsi que par certains règlements fédéraux nous apparaissent mal conciliées avec les libertés économiques et notamment la liberté professionnelle. Il en résulte une réglementation professionnelle disproportionnée, infondée et peu respectueuse des exigences de légalité, qui pour autant constitue un nid de rentes et de privilèges, moins pour les professionnels eux-mêmes, que pour les acteurs institutionnels. Si le contrôle juridictionnel apparaît pour l’heure insuffisant, pour saisir ces irrégularités et les censurer, ce particularisme sportif dans le concert des professions réglementées nous semble en sursis. Confronté à l’exigence de transparence imposée par l’Union européenne, victime de sa complexification erratique qui heurte les libertés premières et les exigences économiques de notre époque, ce cadre juridique n’est pas plus à même de contenir les différentes stratégies de contournement. En définitive, cette réglementation surannée est sommée de se réformer, selon des perspectives dont nous nous proposons d'esquisser les contours. / Regulated professions are subject to economic and social critique which leads us to question the necessity and the proportionality of the legal framework required to support them. Times seem favorable for the questioning and the reform process of some of these professions. Our current research aims at questioning these sports field professions. The latter bring together a mosaic of professions (counselor, coach, teacher and sports instructor). The obstacles to accessing and practicing these professions by the Code du sport (Sport Code/legislation) in addition to certain federal regulations seem to be poorly reconciled with economic and professional freedom. As a result, the professional regulations are disproportionate, unfounded and do not respect the legal requirements which nonetheless represent a whole host of annuities and privileges, to a lesser extent for the professionals themselves than for the institutional actors. Jurisdictional control currently appears to be insufficient to grasp these irregularities and to censor them. Nevertheless, the specificity of these sport professions seems to be on borrowed time. Confronted with the need for transparency imposed by the European Union, this legal framework is a victim of its erratic complexity which comes up against the freedom and economic demands of our time; the legal framework is not any better at controlling the different bypass strategies. Ultimately, these outdated regulations are summoned to reform themselves according to the perspectives outlined in the following paper.

by Chu Man Lo, Tammy, Sit Wai Fun, Irene. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaf 87. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.ix / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Background --- p.1 / Objective --- p.3 / Scope --- p.4 / Preliminary Data Collection --- p.4 / Chapter II. --- PROBLEM DEFINITION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK --- p.9 / Problem Statements --- p.9 / Theoretical Framework --- p.9 / Chapter III. --- STUDY DESIGN --- p.14 / Various Considerations --- p.14 / Operational Definitions --- p.15 / Data Collection --- p.15 / Chapter IV. --- SAMPLING DESIGN --- p.18 / Sampling Frame --- p.18 / Sample Size and Sampling Method --- p.18 / Chapter V. --- DATA ANALYSIS --- p.20 / Data Analysis Method --- p.20 / Survey Responses --- p.20 / Overall Respondents' Profile --- p.20 / Attitude and Feelings --- p.21 / Future Plans --- p.36 / Respondents' Profile Review --- p.50 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.60 / Discussion and Review --- p.60 / Recommendations and Implementation --- p.65 / Finale --- p.70 / APPENDICES --- p.71 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.87

The general concern of this thesis is with the position of women in the United States. Specifically, the focus is on women in the professions. The theoretical perspective is taken from Everett C. Hughes’ 1945 discussion of “Dilemmas and Contradictions of Status.” Hughes maintained that when an incumbent of a status holds an unexpected auxiliary characteristic he is in a dilemma because others do not know how to respond to the contradictory stimuli. Others’ responses tend to reflect unfavorably back on the individual’s self-image and he seeks to avoid reactions from others by adopting behavior to reduce the impact of the discrepant status. The professions in the United States are characterized by a basic body of abstract knowledge and the ideal of service. Thirteen occupations were established as professions, ranked on the basis of those characteristics and a boundary line was drawn between professions and non-professions. A selection of seven professions was made on which to test the hypotheses. These seven were: medicine, university teaching, dentistry, natural science, social science, with veterinary medicine and social work marking off the lower boundary. Women in these professions were considered to be in an inconsistent status because they hold the unexpected characteristic of a female in a male-dominated occupation and meet the other conditions of status inconsistency. Since the female professional can do nothing about changing her discrepant characteristic of being female, it is hypothesized that she adopts behavior which brings her status characteristics in accord and reduces the impact of her inconsistent status. This behavior may consist of avoidance, isolation and/or social segregation on the part of the female professional and her clients or colleagues. The modes of adaptation selected are the basis of the eight hypotheses of the study: 1) women enter the professions in smaller proportions than men, 2) women professionals do not participate fully in the colleague-group, 3) women enter positions isolated from the public, 4) women tend to be salaried rather that self-employed, 5) women tend to be in career lines apart from positions of power and prestige, tend to be in career lines apart from positions of power and prestige, 6) women fill the lower echelons of a profession, 7) women specialize in those areas relating to the normatively accepted women’s role, and 8) women tend to deal with patients of equal or lower status. The data on which the hypotheses were tested were obtained from many different published sources relating the seven professions. These sources consisted in the main of census tabulations, professional directories, sample surveys, National Education Association publications, and the National Register of Scientific and Technical Personnel. It was found that the data generally supported all the hypotheses with the exception of hypothesis number three which could not be tested. There seems to be a consistent pattern for the few women who do enter the professions to enter a limited number of them and to specialize in those areas which are consistent with the prescribed role of women in American society. Moreover, they tend to teach or enter research, work in educational institutions and be on salary. Women are not usually found in the top positions nor the most lucrative positions within a profession. Further, their career lines do not lead to the top positions and they tend to fill the lower echelons within each profession. It may be concluded that women professionals adopt this pattern throughout the professions, that their career pattern is very different than that of male professionals, and it is suggested that they adopt this pattern in order to reduce the impact of their inconsistent status set.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 M57 / Master of Arts

Background: Socio demographic and epidemiological change, together with the availability of medical technology, may prolong the process of dying. Antecedent control over end-of-life care (EoLC) may be sought by making an advance directive (AD). This option has been legalised in some countries including Israel, the setting of this study. In Israel, EoLC is set in the context of complex and interrelated religious and state regulations. Aim: To examine from a variety of perspectives, the experiences, beliefs and practices associated with the use of ADs in Israel, with a view to understand their role in the lives of patients with palliative care needs towards the EoL. Methods: The study was conducted in 2011, using mixed methods in two phases. The first phase involved qualitative methods to construct patient-centred case studies. Twenty seven participants (patients, relatives, physicians and a Rabbi) were interviewed. In phase 2, a survey examined health care providers’ (HCP) knowledge, attitudes and experiences regarding ADs. The final sample (n=72) of HCPs comprised: 57 nurses (79%), 8 physicians (11%), and 7 social workers (10%). Findings: This study promotes the understanding that ADs reflect a multitude of steps that are distinct but linked, as in a ‘relay’. The findings demonstrate complexity: patients’ ADs reflected their desire for autonomy but their decisions were often influenced by their relationships. In turn, relatives feared making mistakes in decision-making, while also feeling obligated to enact the patient’s wishes. Physicians reported finding it difficult to forgo active treatments and found communication with relatives about patients’ ADs challenging. The survey showed that while HCPs had typically positive attitudes towards, and some experience with ADs, they also perceived some barriers towards their use. Conclusion: ADs seem as an imperfect solution to the complexities surrounding EoLC planning, and additional solutions than those available today may be required.