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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Comportement des interfaces fragiles des ouvrages hydroélectriques

Rousseau, Baptiste January 2010 (has links)
In Quebec, the concrete dams over fifty years are systematically studied since the Saguenay earthquake (1988, 6.2 on the Richter scale) because they were not sized for such hazards. For calculation of the reliability codes for Hydro-Quebec structures, different parameters on the morphology of structure and the physical and mechanical parameters are needed. Among these, the shear strength of interfaces (concrete-concrete, concrete-rock, rock-rock) is particularly important because it determines the safety factor in large part. Moreover, it is commonly accepted that the roughness of the surfaces of rock discontinuities determines the mechanical behavior in shear. This study is divided into two parts: a study of taking samples from two dams of Hydro-Quebec and the conception of an artificial rock-concrete contact. Firstly, from shear tests realized under constant normal load, achieved on contacts from two dams, the principal component study of mechanical and roughness parameters was conducted to determine the parameters dominate (Z[subscript 2], Z[subscript 4], Extent).In addition, a field classification of discontinuities is proposed. The latter depends on various parameters such as the angularity of the surface, filling or oxidation of the surfaces of the discontinuity. Artificial rock-concrete contact has been studied in its entirety by various statistical and geostatistical methods in order to describe as precisely as possible its surface roughness. Once the last known, a map of coring with a 150 mm diameter core sampler has been decided. The collected areas are those with features of roughness, for example, a high angularity. Once the coring performed, samples were tested for shear resistance under a constant normal load It follows a study of mechanical and roughness parameter and an underline of scale effect.
2

Interfaces fragiles des ouvrages hydrauliques : morphologie et comportement mécanique

Rousseau, Baptiste 05 May 2010 (has links)
Au Québec, les barrages poids en béton de plus de cinquante ans sont particulièrement étudiés depuis le séisme du Saguenay (1988, 6,2 sur l’échelle de Richter) car ils n’avaient pas été dimensionnés pour de tels aléas. Dans les codes de calculs de fiabilité d’Hydro-Québec, différents paramètres relatifs à la morphologie de l’ouvrage ainsi que des paramètres physiques et mécaniques sont nécessaires. Parmi ces derniers, la résistance au cisaillement des interfaces (béton-béton, béton-roche et roche-roche) du barrage est particulièrement importante car elle conditionne en grande partie le coefficient de sécurité. De plus, il est communément admis que la rugosité des épontes des discontinuités rocheuses conditionne le comportement mécanique en cisaillement. Cette étude se décompose en deux volets : une étude d’échantillons prélevés sur deux barrages et la réalisation d’un contact roche-béton artificiel. Tout d’abord, à partir d’essais de cisaillement sous contrainte normale constante, réalisés sur des contacts provenant de deux barrages d’hydro-Québec, l’étude en composantes principales des paramètres mécaniques et de rugosité a été menée afin de déterminer les paramètres prépondérants (Z2, Z4, Étendue). De plus, une classification de terrain des discontinuités est proposée. Cette dernière repose sur différents paramètres tels que l’angularité de la surface, le remplissage ou encore l’oxydation des épontes. Le contact roche-béton artificiel, réalisé au cours de ce travail, a été étudié dans sa globalité par différents moyens statistique et géostatistique, afin de décrire le plus précisément possible sa rugosité de surface. Une fois cette dernière connue, un plan de carottage au carottier de 150 mm de diamètre a été décidé. Les zones prélevées sont celles présentant des particularités de rugosité, comme par exemple, une angularité forte. Une fois le carottage effectué, les échantillons ont été soumis à un essai de cisaillement sous contrainte normale constante. Il en résulte une étude des paramètres mécaniques et de rugosité ainsi qu’une prise en compte de l’effet d’échelle. / In Quebec, the concrete dams over fifty years are systematically studied since the Saguenay earthquake (1988, 6.2 on the Richter scale) because they were not sized for such hazards. For calculation of the reliability codes for Hydro-Quebec structures, different parameters on the morphology of structure and the physical and mechanical parameters are needed. Among these, the shear strength of interfaces (concrete-concrete, concrete-rock rock-rock) is particularly important because it determines the safety factor in large part. Moreover, it is commonly accepted that the roughness of the surfaces of rock discontinuities determines the mechanical behavior in shear. This study is divided into two parts: a study of taking samples from two dams of Hydro-Quebec and the conception of an artificial rock-concrete contact. Firstly, from shear tests realized under constant normal load, achieved on contacts from two dams, the principal component study of mechanical and roughness parameters was conducted to determine the parameters dominate (Z2, Z4, Extent). In addition, a field classification of discontinuities is proposed. The latter depends on various parameters such as the angularity of the surface, filling or oxidation of the surfaces of the discontinuity. Artificial rock-concrete contact has been studied in its entirety by various statistical and geostatistical methods in order to describe as precisely as possible its surface roughness. Once the last known, a map of coring with a 150 mm diameter core sampler has been decided. The collected areas are those with features of roughness, for example, a high angularity. Once the coring performed, samples were tested for shear resistance under a constant normal load. It follows a study of mechanical and roughness parameter and an underline of scale effect.

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