Magistro darbe yra išanalizuoti ir susiteminti įvairių Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių teoriniai pelno sampratos ekonomikoje ir apskaitoje aspektai. Pateiktos pelno ir pelningumo rodiklių apskaičiavimo problemos ir analizės metodikos, akcentuojant pagrindinių priežasčių, įtakojančių gautus rezultatus, ištyrimą. Aptarti finansinių prognozių metodai. Atlikta kelių tiesimo ir remonto įmonės pelno ir pelningumo rodiklių struktūros bei dinamikos analizė. Pateiktas gautų rezultatų įvertinimas pagrindinių konkurentų rinkoje bei pramonės šakos atžvilgiu. Atliktas įmonės paklausos sezoniškumo tyrimas. Apibendrinti vidiniai bei išoriniai veiksniai, lėmę įmonės veiklos ekonominius rezultatus. Atliktas įmonės veiklos modeliavimas ieškant pelningiausių sprendimų. Remiantis gautais rezultatais prognozuoti tolimesni veiklos rodikliai. Veiklos rezultatai įvertinti pritaikant ekonominius svertus. Remiantis gautais duomenimis suformuluotos išsamios išvados ir pateikti pasiūlymai įmonės veiklos pelningumo didinimui. / Theoretical aspects of profit concept in economics and accounting of various Lithuanian and foreign authors are analysed and systematized. Profit and profitability index calculation problems and analytical methods are given, stressing research of the main reasons influencing the results obtained. Financial prognostication methods are discussed. Profit and profitability index structures and dynamics analysis are performed for road laying and repair company. Evaluation of the results obtained is given in relation with the main competitors’ market as well as with the industry. Seasonal changes in the demand are analysed for the company. Internal and external factors are summarized, which played a role in the economic results of the company’s performance. Activity modelling is performed for the company, seeking for the most profitable solutions. Basing upon the results obtained, further performance indices are forecasted. Performance results are evaluated using the economic leverage. Basing upon the results obtained, thorough conclusions are formulated, suggestions to improve performance profitability are given.

The Diploma thesis are focused on evaluation of financial situation of company by methods of financial analyse. There will be analysed by system of ratios. The areas, where the system of ratios will presume problems, there will be focused analyse based on absolute, ratio and diference indexes. Along developed reality will be made scheme of solution.

Questo lavoro prende in esame le connessioni fra economia e politica in Italia nel periodo compreso tra il 1987 e il 2006. Tale filone di studi si situa all’interno del sempre più variegato e crescente interesse per il legame fra corporate governance, potere di mercato, struttura finanziaria e performance dell’impresa. Dopo una prima parte volta a mettere in luce alcuni principali lineamenti teorici ed istituzionali del tema in oggetto, segue una seconda parte, di natura prettamente empirica. In primo luogo si vogliono mettere in luce quali siano state le società quotate connesse nel periodo considerato e le modalità con cui ha avuto luogo la connessione, nonché illustrare alcuni aspetti descrittivi dei soggetti e delle società connesse che costituiscono il campione. In secondo luogo, seguendo la letteratura internazionale in materia, viene svolta un’analisi empirica al fine di testare se esistano particolari differenze tra società politicamente connesse e società non connesse in termini di leverage, redditività, efficienza produttiva e potere di mercato. In particolare, il terzo capitolo contiene una puntuale esposizione delle fonti e delle metodologie che hanno portato alla definizione dei database utilizzati ed implementati, fornendo alcune prime evidenze di tali connessioni. Nel capitolo IV si forniscono le statistiche descrittive del campione preso in esame relativo alle società italiane industriali ed holding di partecipazione quotate sul MTA e MTAX nel periodo 1987-2006, in termini sia di capitalizzazione di mercato, sia di redditività, struttura proprietaria e finanziaria. Infine, nel capitolo V viene proposta una verifica empirica sul campione così determinato, provando ad enfatizzare le relazioni esistenti tra alcune grandezze determinate quali il grado di indebitamento, il potere di mercato e alcuni indicatori di redditività ed efficienza e principalmente una variabile volta a individuare la presenza o meno di connessioni politiche nelle società stesse. / This study analyses politically connected firms in Italy, since 1987 to 2006. We take into consideration this nation because in Italy political connections are supposed to have been more valuable and relevant than in other countries. We focus our attention on listed industrial corporations, leaving out of consideration banks and insurance companies. We try to develop two main questions: which listed industrial corporations have been politically connected in this period? Have these firms been politically connected through top officers or large shareholders, President of the Republic, members of Parliament or ministers? Which is the value of political connections and which are the differences between politically connected and non connected firms? This study tries to highlight the features and the sizes of the political connection in the Italian context, giving evidence of the economic, political and institutional framework. According to the existing literature we argue that firms with political connections gain financial benefits in terms of greater market power, but show poorer performances and efficiency than non connected firms because of the relevant private benefits that characterize the politically connected ones. Moreover we argue that politically connected firms show lower leverage than their non-connected peers defining a more complex framework in comparison to other relevant studies.

This master´s thesis is about evaluation the financial situation of PERSPEKTA s.r.o. company between 2007 and 2012 through selected financial indexes. The aim of this work is to analyze of current financial situation and to determine proposals for its improvement. The aim is fulfiled in the end of master´s thesis