Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T13:30:32Z No. of bitstreams: 5 2.pdf: 984350 bytes, checksum: 04e03f5d860785728cd837db9f0819af (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20626 bytes, checksum: 7851d446050a985bd0603b7c4cee472d (MD5) license_rdf: 19710 bytes, checksum: aa65da15f424ff71c620a992a187295c (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T16:32:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 2.pdf: 984350 bytes, checksum: 04e03f5d860785728cd837db9f0819af (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20626 bytes, checksum: 7851d446050a985bd0603b7c4cee472d (MD5) license_rdf: 19710 bytes, checksum: aa65da15f424ff71c620a992a187295c (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-27T16:32:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 2.pdf: 984350 bytes, checksum: 04e03f5d860785728cd837db9f0819af (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20626 bytes, checksum: 7851d446050a985bd0603b7c4cee472d (MD5) license_rdf: 19710 bytes, checksum: aa65da15f424ff71c620a992a187295c (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / A baixa taxa de germina??o pode ser o principal fator respons?vel pelo desest?mulo ?s pr?ticas de plantios comerciais de pequizeiro (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.). O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os fatores ambientais (localiza??o geogr?fica), proced?ncia, prog?nie, ?cido giber?lico e tempo de armazenamento das sementes na emerg?ncia de pl?ntulas dessa esp?cie. Foram coletadas sementes de prog?nies (matrizes) oriundas dos munic?pios mineiros de S?o Gon?alo do Rio Preto, Curvelo e Serro ? distrito de S?o Gon?alo do Rio das Pedras. As sementes foram coletadas em janeiro de 2005 e 2007 para o experimento 1 e em janeiro de 2007 e 2008 para o experimento 2, sendo semeadas em dois munic?pios: Diamantina (ambiente de baixa temperatura) e Curvelo (ambiente de alta temperatura). Os dados foram analisados atrav?s de testes Qui-quadrado para independ?ncia. Para os experimentos 1 e 2, conduzidos em Curvelo, todos os fatores foram altamente significativos (P<0,1%), exceto o efeito de proced?ncia (P = 6,89%) e do ?cido giber?lico (P = 6,08%), ambos do experimento 1. No experimento 1, conduzido em Diamantina, nenhum fator foi significativo a 10%, exceto o tempo de armazenamento (P = 5,64%) e o efeito ambiental (P<0,01%). J? no experimento 2, conduzido em Diamantina, todos os fatores foram significativos a 5%. A n?o signific?ncia para a maioria dos fatores em Diamantina no experimento 1 foi em decorr?ncia da baix?ssima taxa de germina??o nesse ambiente (apenas 11 sementes germinaram, de um total de 2010). A diferen?a de germina??o foi tamb?m significativa entre os dois ambientes - Curvelo e Diamantina, para os dois experimentos. Entretanto, no experimento 2, a germina??o foi menor em Curvelo, contrariando as expectativas. Acredita-se que a ocorr?ncia desse fato seja porque no ano de 2008 a sementeira em Diamantina foi montada no ch?o e n?o suspensa, como em Curvelo. A varia??o t?rmica seria maior no leito de areia suspenso por estar com a parte inferior exposta ? temperatura ambiente. Conclui-se que: a) a emerg?ncia em pl?ntulas de pequizeiro ? influenciada tanto por fatores gen?ticos como ambientais; b) a frequ?ncia de emerg?ncia em pl?ntulas de pequizeiro ? altamente influenciada pela planta matriz da qual foram colhidas; c) O efeito de popula??es (proced?ncias) na emerg?ncia em pl?ntulas de pequizeiro pode ser decorrente do pequeno tamanho dessas popula??es, confundindo-se com o efeito de matrizes; d) O tratamento de sementes de pequizeiro com ?cido giber?lico pode n?o ser garantia de maior emerg?ncia; e) O tempo de armazenamento de sementes de pequizeiro influencia consideravelmente a taxa de emerg?ncia. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2009. / ABSTRACT Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb., caryocaraceae) is a widely distributed but endangered Brazilian Cerrado tree specie and its fruits are very appreciated by populations living in this biome. Observations show that temperature fluctuations, a common phenomenon observed among different altitudes, seems to have a strong influence on pequi seeds emergency. Genetic factors appears also to play an important role on this issue. These were the main focus on this work. Seeds from many progenies from three pequi populations (S?o Gon?alo do Rio Preto; Curvelo; and Serro, all of them in Minas Gerais State), strongly distanced from each other, were collected. The 3997 seeds collected in January of 2005 and 2007 years (Trial 1) and the 7035 ones collected in January of 2007 and 2008 years were sown proportionally in Diamantina, MG (a high altitude environment - roughly 1400m) and Curvelo, MG (a low altitude environment ? roughly 650m). The data were collected and organized in contingence tables. The hypothesis for population, progeny (tree), gibberellic acid (GA3), seed age (date of collection) and altitude (temperature) effects were tested by qui-square test for independence. For the trials carried out in Curvelo (high average temperature) in 2007 year, all tested effects were significant (P<0,1%), except populations (P=6,9%) and GA3 (P=6,1%), the last one reducing instead of, as expected, increasing the emergency rate. In the trials carried out in Diamantina (low average temperature) in 2007 year, the probabilities for qui-square tests were all over 10% except seed age (P=5,6%) and progenies (P=9,7%). In 2008 year all effects were significant (P<5%) for both locations. The temperature effects were also significant (P<5%) for the two years, however, against the expectations, in 2008 year, Curvelo (high average temperature) showed a lower emergency rate than Diamantina. The hypothesis to explain it was that the seed plot position was put directly on ground in Diamantina in this year, contrasting with the lifted ones in both locations in 2007 year and in Curvelo in 2008 year. This hypothesis was tested by comparing seed plots lifted with those sow directly on ground in both locations. The results showed that the emergency rate was significantly lower in the seed plots lifted in both Diamantina and Curvelo locations compared to those put directly on ground. May be the night and day temperature fluctuations affect more intensely the lifted seed plot. The main conclusions were: a) pequi seeds emergency are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors; b) it is highly influenced by their original progeny tree; c) progeny tree can also be the main factor responsible for population effects when the population sample is small; d) gibberellic acid is not a guarantee for better emergency in pequi seeds; e) the storage time has a considerable influence on their emergency rate; f) strong day and night temperature fluctuations can reduce the emergency rate in pequi seeds.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T13:30:31Z No. of bitstreams: 5 14.pdf: 606135 bytes, checksum: 9d0229829810f0c2806dc9a3cf114610 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 22564 bytes, checksum: ff373f1ad387898ef8ba4f8bc9e37073 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T14:49:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 14.pdf: 606135 bytes, checksum: 9d0229829810f0c2806dc9a3cf114610 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 22564 bytes, checksum: ff373f1ad387898ef8ba4f8bc9e37073 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-27T14:49:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 14.pdf: 606135 bytes, checksum: 9d0229829810f0c2806dc9a3cf114610 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 22564 bytes, checksum: ff373f1ad387898ef8ba4f8bc9e37073 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A estima??o de par?metros gen?ticos em esp?cies vegetais perenes ? comumente feita por meio de delineamentos gen?tico-estat?sticos que levam em considera??o efeitos de prog?nies e popula??es. Dados de experimentos com essas bases n?o existem para o pequi. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar caracteres de crescimento e estimar par?metros gen?ticos em Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) no est?gio precoce. O experimento foi instalado com mudas oriundas de 31 prog?nies (matrizes), de duas proced?ncias (Curvelo, MG e S?o Gon?alo do Rio Preto, MG) utilizando um Delineamento em Blocos Casualizados com seis repeti??es e cinco plantas por parcela, no munic?pio de Carbonita, MG. Foram avaliados os caracteres altura de planta (cm), em setembro de 2005; altura de planta e di?metro do caule ao n?vel do solo (mm), em fevereiro de 2006 e fevereiro de 2007; e altura de planta, di?metro do caule ao n?vel do solo e di?metro da copa (cm), em setembro de 2008. A estima??o dos par?metros gen?ticos foi feita utilizando-se o Software SELEGEM ? REML/BLUP e as estimavas dos coeficientes de correla??es fenot?picas e gen?ticas entre os caracteres e avalia??es foram obtidas a partir das estimativas dos valores fenot?picos e gen?ticos, respectivamente. As estimativas da herdabilidade no sentido restrito para todos os caracteres avaliados variaram de 0,15 a 0,50. Os coeficientes de varia??o gen?tica individual (CVgi%) de um modo geral foram moderadas. Os coeficientes de determina??o de efeitos de parcela (c2parc) foram de baixa magnitude para todos os caracteres, indicando pouca varia??o ambiental entre estas. As correla??es gen?ticas e fenot?picas foram todas positivas, de elevadas magnitudes e, em sua maioria, altamente significativas. As estimativas de efici?ncia de sele??o obtidas pela express?o de Hamblin & Zimmermann variaram de m?dias a altas para os tr?s caracteres considerados. Portanto, embora n?o sejam de import?ncia direta, os caracteres de crescimento podem ser ?teis na discrimina??o precoce de prog?nies com alta produ??o de frutos ou outras caracter?sticas desejadas, caso sejam geneticamente correlacionados a eles. A sele??o baseada em tais caracteres diminuiria custos e tempo para se completar um ciclo de sele??o, aspecto importante principalmente em esp?cies em que os caracteres de interesse levam anos para se expressarem, como ? o caso da produ??o de frutos em pequi. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2010. / ABSTRACT Genetic parameters for perennial crops are commonly estimated by genetic-statistical designs considering progenies and populations effects. In pequi, a Brazilian endangered and very important tree, there are no data come from these kind of experiments.?This work aimed to evaluate the growth and estimate genetic parameters in early stages for pequi. The trial was installed in Carbonita, MG, with seedlings of 31 trees (progenies) coming from two populations (Curvelo, MG and S?o Gon?alo do Rio Preto, MG) in a randomized block design with six replicates and five plants per plot.?The traits evaluated were: plant height (cm) in September, 2005; plant height and stem diameter at ground level (mm) in February, 2006 and February, 2007; and plant height, stem diameter at ground level and crown diameter (cm) in September, 2008.?Genetic parameters were estimated using the Software SELEGEN- REML/BLUP. Phenotypic and genetic correlation coefficients among traits and evaluations were estimated through phenotypic and genetic values, respectively.?The estimates of narrow sense heritability ranged from 0.15 to 0.50 for all traits. In general, the?coefficients of individual genetic variation (CVgi%) were moderate. The environmental effects among plots were small as showed by the determination coefficient of plots.?Genetic and phenotypic correlation estimates were all positive and, in general, highly significant.?The estimates of Hamblin & Zimmermann Selection Efficiency ranged from intermediate to high for all traits evaluated. Therefore, the growth traits may be useful in early discrimination of progenies with high fruit yield and other desired traits if they are genetically correlated to them.?Selection based on such traits would reduce costs and time to complete one cycle of selection, especially important in species which the traits of interest take years to express, as is the case of fruit yield in pequi.