M. Tech. Business Information Systems / Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have impacted all facets of our lives. Governments around the world have invested in ICTs to improve teaching and learning in schools. Despite these investments on ICT infrastructure, equipment and software to improve education in many countries, ICT adoption and integration in teaching and learning have been limited. This dissertation explores what and how ICTs are integrated in Botswana senior secondary school teaching and learning activities. This research investigates, analyses, and interprets data to delineate the factors that prevent teachers' use of ICTs in teaching and learning processes. The research study reviews factors that encourage teachers' use of ICTs in teaching and learning processes and also teacher-level, school-level and system-level factors that prevent teachers from integrating ICTs in teaching and learning processes are also reviewed. Activity Theory is used as an underpinning theory for this study, mainly because it is an interpretive research approach that presents a framework within which to analyse the actions of people as they socially interact with each other in an effort to achieve a desired outcome. In this study, the desired outcome is the optimal use of ICTs to enhance teaching and learning activities.