Static analysis is the name given to a number of compile time analysis techniques used to automatically generate information which can lead to improvements in the execution performance of function languages. This thesis provides an introduction to these techniques and their implementation. The abstract interpretation framework is an example of a technique used to extract information from a program by providing the program with an alternate semantics and evaluating this program over a non-standard domain. The elements of this domain represent certain properties of interest. This framework is examined in detail, as well as various extensions and variants of it. The use of binary logical relations and program logics as alternative formulations of the framework , and partial equivalence relations as an extension to it, are also looked at. The projection analysis framework determines how much of a sub-expression can be evaluated by examining the context in which the expression is to be evaluated, and provides an elegant method for finding particular types of information from data structures. This is also examined. The most costly operation in implementing an analysis is the computation of fixed points. Methods developed to make this process more efficient are looked at. This leads to the final chapter which highlights the dependencies and relationships between the different frameworks and their mathematical disciplines. / KMBT_223

Some portions of real-time computer process control software can be programmed with special purpose high-level languages. A translator writing system for minicomputers is developed to aid in writing translators for those languages. The translator writing system uses an LR(1) grammar analyzer with an LR(1) skeleton parser. XPL is used as the source language for the semantics. An XPL to intermediate language translator has been written to aid in the translation of XPL programs to minicomputer assembly language. A simple macro generator must be written to translate intermediate language programs into various minicomputer assembly languages. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of / Graduate

Programming languages or code can be examined through numerous analytical lenses. This project is a critical analysis of WordPress, a prevalent web content management system, applying four modes of inquiry. The project draws on theoretical perspectives and areas of study in media, software, platforms, code, language, and power structures. The applied research is based on Critical Code Studies, an interdisciplinary field of study that holds the potential as a theoretical lens and methodological toolkit to understand computational code beyond its function. The project begins with a critical code analysis of WordPress, examining its origins and source code and mapping selected vulnerabilities. An examination of the influence of digital and computational thinking follows this. The work also explores the intersection of code patching and vulnerability management and how code shapes our sense of control, trust, and empathy, ultimately arguing that a rhetorical-cultural lens can be used to better understand code's controlling influence. Recurring themes throughout these analyses and observations are the connections to power and vulnerability in WordPress' code and how cultural, processual, rhetorical, and ethical implications can be expressed through its code, creating a particular worldview. Code's emergent properties help illustrate how human values and practices (e.g., empathy, aesthetics, language, and trust) become encoded in software design and how people perceive the software through its worldview. These connected analyses reveal cultural, processual, and vulnerability focal points and the influence these entanglements have concerning WordPress as code, software, and platform. WordPress is a complex sociotechnical platform worthy of further study, as is the interdisciplinary merging of theoretical perspectives and disciplines to critically examine code. Ultimately, this project helps further enrich the field by introducing focal points in code, examining sociocultural phenomena within the code, and offering techniques to apply critical code methods.

Yes / This technical report describes one technique for implementing π-calculus style actions in a programming language. It first attempts to clarify the nature of actions, then gives requirements a primitive in a programming language must satisfy if it is to be used as the basis for the implementation of actions. Finally an example is given of how actions may be implemented in Ada.

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As software projects become larger and more complex, software optimization at that scale is only feasible through automated means. One such component of software optimization is alias analysis, which attempts to determine which variables in a program refer to the same area in memory, and is used to relocate instructions to improve performance without interfering with program execution. Several alias analyses have been proposed over the past few decades, with varying degrees of precision and time and space complexity, but few studies have been conducted to compare these techniques with one another, nor to measure with program data to confirm their accuracy. Normally, this is out of the scope of alias analyses because these processes are static, and can only rely upon the input source code. We address these limitations by instrumenting several benchmarks and combining their data with commonly used alias analyses to objectively measure the accuracy of those analyses. Additionally, we also gather additional program statistics to further determine which programs are the most suitable for evaluating subsequent alias analysis techniques.

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