published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

As developing countries have grown aware of the effects of pollution and resource depletion, industrialized countries that produce environmental goods and services have secured new markets where to export them. In this manner, increased concerns over environmental degradation have led to the growth of the green technology sector which is currently in full expansion. The purpose of the thesis is, therefore, to uncover the dynamics of such exchanges by exploring the interactions of Quebec environmental firms in the People's Republic of China (PRC). / Results indicate that the PRC presents accommodative structures that are compatible with those found in Quebec, but an inappropriate level of protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs). This scenario gives the PRC a certain advantage since most local firms are able to reproduce foreign technologies without being constrained by issues of intellectual property. Combining theoretical and practical approaches, the thesis uncovers that accommodative conditions do not supersede the question of IPRs when attempting to ensure transfers. Even though the current state of these factors affects the nature of the agreements, the environmental aspect of these technologies seems to facilitate the transactions.

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

by Ding Yong Biao, Kong Lai Ha. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-108). / abstract --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.vii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.viii / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.x / Chapter / Chapter I. --- introduction --- p.1 / Background --- p.1 / Statement of the Problems --- p.6 / Purpose of the Study --- p.7 / Scope of the Research --- p.7 / Research Methodology --- p.7 / Research Procedure --- p.7 / Secondary Data Source --- p.8 / Primary Data Source --- p.8 / Limitations --- p.9 / Chapter II. --- CHINA'S LAND AND PROPERTY MARKET IN PERSPECTIVE --- p.10 / China in Different Dimensions --- p.10 / National Background --- p.10 / Land Resources --- p.11 / Population --- p.12 / Urbanization --- p.12 / Numbers of Household --- p.13 / National Income and Gross National Product --- p.14 / Foreign Investments --- p.16 / Internatinal Trade --- p.18 / Retail Sales --- p.20 / Savings --- p.20 / Historical Development of Land and Property Market in China --- p.22 / From 1949 to 1978 --- p.22 / From 1979 to 1987 --- p.24 / From 1987 --- p.27 / Foreign Investment in Property --- p.31 / Chapter III. --- LAND USE REFORM AND URBAN PUBLIC HOUSING REFORM --- p.39 / Concept of Land Value Before Reform --- p.39 / Old Concept of Land Value Began to Change --- p.41 / "Revision to Clause 4, Article 10 of Constitution and Amendment to the ""Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China""" --- p.41 / Provisional Regulations on the Granting and Transferring of the Land Use Rights over the State-owned Land in Cities and Towns --- p.43 / Regulations of Guangdong Province Special Economic Zone for the Administration of Secured Loans --- p.45 / "New Forthcoming Legislation ""The Law of Land and Property""" --- p.46 / characteristics of the New Land Use System --- p.46 / Land Use Reform in Practice --- p.49 / "Private Contracts, Tender and Auction" --- p.49 / Granting Authorities and Procedures --- p.50 / Fees and Rights --- p.51 / Mortgages and Leases --- p.53 / Ownership- of .Buildings --- p.53 / Unlawful Transfers --- p.54 / Difficulties in Implementation --- p.57 / Urban Public Housing Reform --- p.58 / Chapter IV. --- CURRENT SITUATIONS AND PROBLEMS ---AN EVALUATION --- p.62 / Land Market --- p.62 / Market Structure --- p.62 / Oversupply --- p.64 / """Invisible Land Market""" --- p.66 / Land Developers --- p.66 / Overseas Land Market --- p.67 / Property Market --- p.68 / Market Structure --- p.68 / Rural housing --- p.68 / Urban housing --- p.68 / "Non-marketable,semi-marketable and marketable segments" --- p.68 / Three levels in housing market --- p.69 / Domestic and overseas marekt --- p.69 / Market Demand --- p.70 / Poor living conditions and huge needs --- p.70 / Needs may not become real demand in the near future --- p.71 / Customers --- p.72 / Long-term projection --- p.73 / Overseas demand is vital --- p.74 / Market Supply --- p.76 / Low project development rate --- p.76 / Unreasonable structure of supply --- p.77 / Oversupply in some sectors --- p.78 / Project Financing --- p.79 / Problems --- p.82 / High Construction Costs --- p.82 / Lack of Secondary Market --- p.83 / Other Problems --- p.84 / Chapter V. --- VIEWS FROM DIFFERENT PARTICIPANTS IN THE MARKET --- p.87 / Views of Government Officials and Experts --- p.87 / Appeal of Oversupply and Over-investment --- p.87 / Austerity Program --- p.88 / Property Gain Tax --- p.90 / Conflicts between Central and Local Governments --- p.92 / Lack of Market Information --- p.92 / Regulations Exist but are not Strictly Enforced --- p.93 / Legal framework not well-developed --- p.94 / Lack of professional expertise --- p.95 / Views of Developers --- p.95 / Rough Feasibility Study and Decision --- p.96 / Low Investment Risk --- p.96 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.98 / Summary and Conclusions --- p.98 / Factors Contributing to the Growth of China Land and Property Market --- p.98 / Land Use Reform --- p.99 / Market Evaluation --- p.99 / Analysis of Strategies for Governments and Developers --- p.101 / Recommendations --- p.102 / To Government --- p.102 / To Developers --- p.104 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.106

Law Wai-ling. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-98). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.I / Acknowledgments --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Tables --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.vii / List of Appendices --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- How and Why Do Company Investors Take Part in Property Market --- p.9 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Methodology --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Empirical Findings --- p.19 / Chapter 5.1 --- Hong Kong Property Market in 1991 - 1998 --- p.19 / Chapter 5.2 --- Comparison between Company and Individual Investors --- p.24 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Number of Transactions --- p.25 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Duration --- p.27 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Rates of Return --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Historical Remark --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.41 / Tables --- p.44 / Figures --- p.46 / Appendices --- p.59 / Bibliography --- p.94

在網絡上，資訊技術及其使用改革了版權作品的使用方式。因特網根本性改變了版權市場。本文試圖論證，中國內地法律必須給予資訊技術足夠的發展空間，同時不能不合理地損害版權所有人的利益。 / 本文認爲，在中國版權立法和適用中，版權功利主義理論起著根本性作用。根據功利主義，版權法的目標是促使社會文明的最大化發展。而且中國政府必須發展數字經濟，且須保證其版權法合理地促使網絡中間商運行和投資中國數字經濟。中國版權法需爲資訊技術提供足夠的發展空間。 / 基於為資訊技術發展尋求足夠發展空間的目的，本文分析了Sony案抗辯，通知－删除避風港，誘導侵權和合理使用。中國必須合理解釋中國現有制度，從而避免給網絡中間商加以不合理的責任。關於版權侵權抗辯，中國應該引入美國的 Sony抗辯，作為衡量是否侵犯版權的一個因素。且避風港保護的範圍應該被擴展至包含所有網路中間商，以保證未來技術的未知發展擁有足夠的呼吸空間。而且，至少，中國應該採用某些善意轉換性使用的窮盡式合理使用抗辯，以促進現有技術的運行。且更合適的是，採用非窮盡式的合理使用抗辯，其範圍包括所有對社會有用的網路中間服務的必須運營活動，並通過確保資訊技術發展的方式。 / 一個好的法律框架可以對人類的進步有著積極的影響，不然它會對社會發展起著阻礙作用。我們需要的法律框架應該同時促進版權和信息傳播技術的發展。這意味著，在保證版權産業正常運行的同時，該法律框架應爲技術發展提供肥沃的成長土壤。 / Information technology and its usage on the internet have revolutionized the way in which various copyrighted works are captured, stored, copied and distributed. By expanding the breadth, diversity and sheer number of copyrighted works in existence, the internet has fundamentally changed the nature of copyright markets. / This thesis attempts to argue that the laws in Mainland China should reserve enough space for information technologies to develop, without unreasonably prejudicing the interests of copyright holders. / This thesis contends that the utilitarian justification for copyright plays an underlying role in both Chinese copyright legislation and judicial application. Under the utilitarian model in China, fostering a maximization of culture development is the aim of the copyright law. As such, in the era of information overload, the Chinese government should aim to develop the Digital Economy. In order to achieve this aim, it needs to start by ensuring that its copyright law appropriately enables Internet Intermediaries to operate and to invest in creating Chinese Digital Economy. Copyright law in China needs to create room to move. / This thesis examines Sony defense, notice-and-take-down safe harbors, inducement liability and fair use, for the purpose of seeking enough space for information technology development. The existing rules in China, e.g. inducement liability, should be interpreted as avoiding placing unreasonable burden on internet intermediaries. As to the defenses against copyright infringement, Sony defense in the US should be introduced as a factor in assessing copyright infringement in China. And the scope of safe harbor protection should be extended to include all internet intermediaries, for the purpose of providing breathing room for unanticipated technology developments. Moreover, at the very least, certain fair dealing exceptions for certain transformative use in good faith should be adopted in China to foster the existing operations of information technology. And it is more desirable to introduce a non-exhaustive fair dealing exception to cover activities necessary to run all socially useful internet intermeiary services, in the way of ensuring information technology development. / A well-designed legal system should have positive impacts on the human progress; or otherwise, it would have deterrence effects on the social development. A legal system which promotes both copyright and communication technologies creations is what we need in the future. This kind of system requires a fertile land for technologies innovation without destroying the developments of the entertainment industries / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Xie, Lin. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Thesis Argument --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Background --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Summary --- p.6 / Chapter 2 --- Theoretical Framework in China --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Justifications for Copyright --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Traditional Chinese Culture --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3 --- The Development of Modern Copyright Law in China --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4 --- International Relationship --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5 --- Utilitarian Justification in Digital Era in China --- p.31 / Chapter 3 --- Aggressive Measures on the Unauthorized File-sharing Problem --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1 --- Criminal Liability of Internet users --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2 --- Benefits and Costs --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3 --- Graduated Response Scheme --- p.52 / Chapter 3.4 --- The Nature of Unauthorized Online File-sharing Problem --- p.59 / Chapter 3.5 --- Alternative Solutions --- p.65 / Chapter 3.6 --- Implications for China --- p.68 / Chapter 4 --- Sony Defense under Traditional Indirect Liabilities --- p.71 / Chapter 4.1 --- Traditional Liabilities for Third Parties’ Infringement --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2 --- Sony Defense --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3 --- Assessing Sony Defense --- p.98 / Chapter 5 --- The Notice-and-Take-Down Safe Harbors of Online Service Providers --- p.102 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction on the Notice-and-Take-Down Safe Harbors --- p.102 / Chapter 5.2 --- Threshold Requirements of the Notice-and-Take-Down Safe Harbors --- p.108 / Chapter 5.3 --- A Proposed Safe Harbor Framework in China --- p.142 / Chapter 6 --- Inducement Liability of Service Providers --- p.145 / Chapter 6.1 --- Inducement Liability in China --- p.145 / Chapter 6.2 --- Inducement Liability in the US --- p.151 / Chapter 6.3 --- Implications for China --- p.170 / Chapter 7 --- Transformative Use of Copyrighted Works: A Proposed Fair Dealing Exception for Internet Intermediaries --- p.176 / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.176 / Chapter 7.2 --- Transformative Use in the US --- p.178 / Chapter 7.3 --- Transformative Use under Australian and Chinese Copyright Law --- p.188 / Chapter 7.4 --- A Proposed Fair Dealing Exception --- p.198 / Chapter 7.5 --- Conclusion --- p.201 / Chapter 8 --- Liabilities of a Search Engine’s Cache --- p.202 / Chapter 8.1 --- Introduction --- p.202 / Chapter 8.2 --- Liabilities of a Search Engine’s Cache in China --- p.208 / Chapter 8.3 --- Direct Infringement --- p.215 / Chapter 8.4 --- The Safe Harbor Protection --- p.223 / Chapter 8.5 --- Implied License --- p.236 / Chapter 8.6 --- Fair Use --- p.242 / Chapter 9 --- Fair Use or Fair Dealing? --- p.246 / Chapter 9.1 --- Introduction --- p.246 / Chapter 9.2 --- Fair Dealing in China --- p.248 / Chapter 9.2 --- Introduce a Flexible Exception into Copyright in China --- p.263 / Chapter 10 --- Conclusion --- p.272

University of Macau / Faculty of Law