Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloWSC_TESE.pdf: 3368472 bytes, checksum: 6f9f6907ea0f81a6a00e41d776e566c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-28 / The use of gypsum, one of the oldest building materials for the construction industry in the country has been experiencing a significant and steady growth, due to its low cost and some of its properties that confer comparative advantage over other binder materials. Its use comprises various applications including the coating of walls and the production of internal seals and linings. Moreover, the fibers are being increasingly incorporated into arrays fragile in an attempt to improve the properties of the composite by reducing the number of cracks, the opening of the same and its propagation velocity. Other properties, depending on the function of the component material or construction, among these thermal and acoustic performances, are of great importance in the context of buildings and could be improved, that is, having better performance with this embodiment. Conduct a comparative study of physico-mechanical, thermal and acoustic composite gypsum incorporating dry coconut fiber, in the form of blanket, constituted the main objective of this work. Improving the thermal and acoustic performances of precast gypsum, used for lining and internal vertical fences of buildings, was the purpose of development of these composites. To evaluate the effect of fiber content on the properties of the composites were used to manufacture the composite layer with different thicknesses. The composites were fabricated in the form of plates with dimensions of 500x500x24mm. To facilitate the comparative study of the properties were also made with material gypsum boards only. We then determined the physico-mechanical, thermal and acoustical plaster and composites. The results indicated that the composites were significant gains in relation to thermal performance and also acoustic, in certain frequency range, increasing the thickness of the blanket. Concerning other physical-mechanical properties, the results showed that although the compressive strength was lower than for the composite did not occur after a fracture catastrophic failure. The same trend was observed with regard to resistance to bending, since the composites have not suffered sudden rupture and still continued after the load supporting point of maximum load / A utiliza??o do gesso, um dos mais antigos materiais de constru??o, pela ind?stria da constru??o civil no Pa?s, vem experimentando um sens?vel e constante crescimento, em fun??o do seu baixo custo e de algumas de suas propriedades que lhe conferem vantagem comparativa em rela??o a outros materiais ligantes. Sua utiliza??o compreende diversas aplica??es entre as quais o revestimento de paredes e a confec??o de veda??es internas e de forros. Por outro lado, as fibras v?m sendo, cada vez mais, incorporadas em matrizes fr?geis, na tentativa de melhorar as propriedades do comp?sito, atrav?s da redu??o do n?mero de fissuras, da abertura das mesmas e da sua velocidade de propaga??o. Dependendo da fun??o do material ou do componente da constru??o, os desempenhos t?rmico e ac?stico, assumem grande import?ncia no contexto das edifica??es e tamb?m poderiam ser melhoradoscom a incorpora??o de fibras. Dentre as fibras vegetais, a fibra de coco seco apresenta um grande potencial, superior ?s vantagens comparativas das demais fibras, tal como uma maior resist?nciafrente ? alcalinidade caracter?stica das matrizes ciment?cias. Realizar um estudo comparativo das propriedades f?sico-mec?nicas, t?rmicas e ac?sticas de comp?sitos ? base de gesso com incorpora??o de fibra de coco seco, sob a forma de manta, constituiu-se no objetivo geral deste trabalho. Para tanto os materiais comp?sitos foram confeccionados em forma de placas, pain?is sandu?ches, com dimens?es de 500x500x24mm, sendo as camadas externas constitu?das pelogesso e a central (recheio) pela manta de fibra de coco seco. Para avaliar a influ?ncia do teor de fibras nas propriedades dos comp?sitos foram utilizadas na confec??o dos mesmos mantas com espessuras de 8 e 10 mm. Para possibilitar o estudo comparativo das propriedades foram tamb?m confeccionadas placas apenas com gesso. Foram ent?o determinadas as propriedades f?sico-mec?nicas, t?rmicas e ac?sticas do gesso e dos comp?sitos. Os resultados indicaram que para os comp?sitos ocorreram ganhos significativos em rela??o aos desempenhos t?rmico e tamb?m ac?stico, na faixa de frequ?ncia de 102,28 Hz a 1.150,00 Hz, ganhos esses crescentes com a espessura da manta. Em rela??o ?s demais propriedades f?sico-mec?nicas, os resultados mostraram que embora a resist?ncia ? compress?o tenha sido inferior para os comp?sitos, as fibras apenas evitaram um rompimento brusco, uma vez que as mesmas n?o atuam como refor?o para esse tipo de solicita??o. O mesmo comportamento ocorreu em rela??o ? resist?ncia ? flex?o, uma vez que os comp?sitos n?o sofreram ruptura brusca e ainda continuaram suportando carga depois do ponto de carga m?xima

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RoseMPRM.pdf: 2750007 bytes, checksum: ceb71a52be1f10c01d507218438ebc24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-02 / Rio Grande do Norte State stands out as one great producer of structural clay of the brazilian northeastern. The Valley Assu ceramic tiles production stands out obtained from ilitics ball clays that abound in the region under study. Ceramics formulation and the design of experiments with mixture approach, has been applied for researchers, come as an important aid to decrease the number of experiments necessary to the optimization. In this context, the objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of the formulation, temperature and heating rate in the physical-mechanical properties of the red ceramic body used for roofing tile fabrication of the Valley Assu, using design of mixture experiments. Four clays samples used in two ceramics industry of the region were use as raw material and characterized by X-ray diffraction, chemical composition, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), particle size distribution analysis and plasticity techniques. Afterwards, they were defined initial molded bodies and made specimens were then prepared by uniaxial pressing at 25 MPa before firing at 850, 950 and 1050 ?C in a laboratory furnace, with heating rate in the proportions of 5, 10 e 15 ?C/min. The following tecnologicals properties were evaluated: linear firing shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength. Results show that the temperature 1050 ?C and heating rate of 5 ?C/min was the best condition, therefore presented significance in all physical-mechanical properties. The model was accepted as valid based of the production of three new formulations with fractions mass diferents of the initial molded bodies and heated with temperature at 1050 ?C and heating rate of 5 ?C/min. Considering the formulation, temperature and heating rate as variables of the equations, another model was suggested, where from the aplication of design of experiments with mixtures was possible to get a best formulation, whose experimental error is the minor in relation to the too much formulations / O Estado do Rio Grande do Norte ? um dos principais produtores de cer?mica vermelha do nordeste brasileiro. A regi?o do Vale do Assu destaca-se na produ??o de telhas cer?micas, cuja principal constitui??o s?o argilas pl?sticas il?ticas, abundantes na regi?o. O estudo das formula??es de massas cer?micas, juntamente com o aux?lio do planejamento experimental para misturas, tem sido utilizado por pesquisadores, visando a diminui??o do n?mero de experimentos necess?rios para a otimiza??o de formula??es. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o efeito das formula??es, temperatura e taxa de queima nas propriedades f?sico-mec?nicas das massas cer?micas para fabrica??o de telhas da regi?o do Vale do Assu, utilizando planejamento de experimentos para misturas. Quatro argilas usadas em duas ind?strias cer?micas da regi?o foram utilizadas como mat?ria-prima e submetidas a ensaios de difra??o de raio X, composi??o qu?mica, TG/DTA, distribui??o de tamanho de part?cula e plasticidade. Foram definidas formula??es iniciais e confeccionados corpos-de-prova por prensagem uniaxial e de simples efeito a 25 MPa e queimados a 850, 950 e 1050 ?C, com taxas de aquecimento de 5, 10 e 15 ?C/min. As propriedades tecnol?gicas de queima avaliadas foram retra??o linear, absor??o de ?gua e resist?ncia ? flex?o (tr?s pontos). Resultados mostram que a temperatura 1050 ?C e taxa de aquecimento de 5 ?C/min foi a melhor condi??o de queima, pois apresentou efeito de signific?ncia em todas as propriedades f?sico-mec?ncias. O modelo foi validado a partir da produ??o de tr?s novas formula??es com fra??es m?ssicas diferentes das formula??es iniciais e queimadas com temperatura a 1050 ?C e taxa de queima de 5 ?C/min. Considerando as formula??es, temperaturas e taxas de aquecimento como vari?veis das equa??es, outro modelo foi sugerido, onde a partir da aplica??o do planejamento de experimentos para misturas foi poss?vel obter uma formula??o ?tima, cujo erro experimental ? o menor em rela??o ?s demais formula??es

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JaqueligiaBS_Capa_ate_referencias.pdf: 4148676 bytes, checksum: c08764d974461ebcf86494a06a296078 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In building, during the implementation process of major or even minor works, there is a considerable waste of plaster in the steps of coating, making it is a negative factor because of the loss of these processes constructive remains incorporated into buildings, as component, whose final dimensions are higher than those projected. Another negative factor is the disposal of waste gypsum in inappropriate places, thus contributing to the degradation of environmental quality, due to the leaching of this waste and may trigger the formation of sulfuric acid. Therefore, based on this picture, processing and reuse of waste coating, combined with the ceramics industry, which is a strong potential in the reuse of certain types of waste, promote mutual benefits. Thus the overall objective of this work is to conduct a search with scientific and technological aspects, to determine the effect of the incorporation of the residue of plaster for coating, from the building, the formulation of bodies for red ceramic. The residue of plaster coating was collected and characterized. They were also selected raw materials of two ceramic poles of the state of Rio Grande do Norte and formulations have been made with the intention of obtaining those with the best physical and mechanical properties, the residue was added the percentage of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%, in the best formulation of ceramic industry 1 and, according the properties analyses, 5%, 10% and 15% as the best results of ceramic industry 2. The samples were sintered at temperatures of 850 ?C, 950 ?C and 1050 ?C, the heating rate of 5 ?C / min with isotherm of two hours. They were submitted to testing technology, such as lineal shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent density and bending resistence. The residue incorporation best results in the formulations of mass in red ceramic, were observed between the temperatures of 850 ?C and 950 ?C, in those formulations that have illite clays and medium plastic in their composition, in the range of 0% to 15% residue incorporated / Na constru??o civil, durante o processo de execu??o de grandes ou at? mesmo pequenas obras, h? um desperd?cio consider?vel de gesso nas etapas de revestimento, tornando-se este um fator negativo, pois parte das perdas destes processos construtivos permanece incorporada nas constru??es, na forma de componentes, cujas dimens?es finais s?o superiores ?quelas projetadas. Outro fator negativo ? a disposi??o dos res?duos de gesso em locais inadequados, contribuindo assim para a degrada??o da qualidade ambiental, devido ao processo de lixivia??o deste res?duo, podendo desencadear na forma??o de ?cido sulf?rico. Baseado neste panorama, a transforma??o e o reaproveitamento dos res?duos de revestimento, aliada ? ind?stria da cer?mica, que ? um forte potencial no reaproveitamento de alguns tipos de res?duos, promoveria benef?cios m?tuos. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi de realizar uma pesquisa com aspectos cient?ficos e tecnol?gicos, para verificar o efeito da incorpora??o do res?duo de gesso para revestimento, proveniente da constru??o civil, na formula??o de massas para cer?mica vermelha. As mat?rias-primas foram coletadas de dois p?los cer?micos do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte e formuladas com o intuito de obter aquelas com as melhores propriedades f?sicas e mec?nica, tendo sido incorporados os percentuais 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% e 30% de res?duo, na melhor formula??o da ind?stria cer?mica 1 e, de acordo com a an?lise dos seus resultados, de 5%, 10% e 15% na melhor formula??o da ind?stria cer?mica 2. As amostras foram sinterizadas ?s temperaturas de 850 ?C, 950 ?C e 1050 ?C, ? taxa de aquecimento de 5 ?C/min com isoterma de duas horas e submetidas a ensaios tecnol?gicos, como retra??o linear de queima, absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente e resist?ncia mec?nica ? flex?o. Os melhores resultados de incorpora??o do res?duo nas formula??es de massa de cer?mica vermelha foram observados na faixa de temperatura de 850 ?C a 950 ?C, naquelas que possuem argilas il?ticas e medianamente pl?sticas em sua composi??o, na faixa de 0% a 15% de res?duo incorporado