by Yu Hon Ming. / Thesis (M.Sc.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-74). / Abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Abbreviations --- p.vi / List of tables and figures --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter I. --- Introduction / Chapter 1. --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Physiology of prostate --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1. --- Prostate --- p.3 / Chapter 2.2. --- Embryonic development of prostate --- p.3 / Chapter 2.3. --- Anatomy of prostate --- p.5 / Chapter 2.4. --- The role of steroids in the growth of prostate --- p.7 / Chapter 2.4.1. --- T --- p.7 / Chapter 2.4.2. --- DHT --- p.8 / Chapter 2.5. --- 5α-reductase --- p.10 / Chapter 3. --- Pathophysiology of BPH --- p.11 / Chapter 3.1. --- Anatomic progression of BPH --- p.11 / Chapter 3.2. --- Epidemiology of BPH --- p.11 / Chapter 3.3. --- Pathogenesis of BPH --- p.12 / Chapter 3.4. --- Clinical manifestations of BPH --- p.13 / Chapter 3.5. --- Diagnosis of BPH --- p.14 / Chapter 4. --- Treatment of BPH --- p.15 / Chapter 4.1. --- a-adrenergic antagonist --- p.16 / Chapter 4.2. --- DHT hypothesis --- p.16 / Chapter 4.3. --- 5α-reductase inhibitor --- p.17 / Chapter 5. --- Radioimmunoassay of DHT --- p.21 / Chapter 6. --- Objectives --- p.22 / Chapter Chapter II. --- Materials and methods --- p.23 / Chapter 1. --- Materials and methods for development of specific RIA for serum DHT --- p.23 / Chapter 1.1. --- Materials --- p.23 / Chapter 1.2. --- Methods --- p.23 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- Antiserum for DHT-RIA --- p.23 / Chapter 1.2.1.1. --- Optimal antibody titre and dilution curve for DHT-RIA --- p.24 / Chapter 1.2.1.2. --- Cross-reactivity with related steroids --- p.25 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- KMnO4 treatment of T antiserum for DHT-RIA --- p.26 / Chapter 1.2.2.1. --- Optimization of KMnO4 treatment --- p.26 / Chapter 1.2.2.2. --- Upper limit of oxidizing power of 0.5% KMnO4 --- p.27 / Chapter 1.2.2.3. --- Efficiency and background effect of 0.5% KMnO4 oxidation on DHT-RIA --- p.28 / Chapter 1.2.3. --- Characteristic of DHT-RIA --- p.29 / Chapter 1.2.3.1. --- Standard preparation --- p.29 / Chapter 1.2.3.2. --- Blank preparation --- p.30 / Chapter 1.2.3.3. --- Control preparation --- p.31 / Chapter 1.2.3.4. --- Sample preparation --- p.31 / Chapter 1.2.3.5. --- Dextran-coated charcoal --- p.31 / Chapter 1.2.3.6. --- DHT-RIA procedure --- p.32 / Chapter 1.2.3.7. --- Sensitivity test for DHT-RIA --- p.33 / Chapter 1.2.3.8. --- Linearity test for DHT-RIA --- p.33 / Chapter 1.2.3.9. --- Recovery test for DHT-RIA --- p.34 / Chapter 1.2.3.10. --- Precision test for DHT-RIA --- p.34 / Chapter 2. --- Materials and methods for establishing reference range of DHT in Chinese males and females --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1. --- Samples --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2. --- Methods --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- DHT determination --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- T determination --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- Cholesterol determination --- p.37 / Chapter 3. --- Materials and methods for a small clinical trial on the usefulness of 5α-reductase inhibitor (finasteride) in the treatment of BPH --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1. --- Samples --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2. --- Methods --- p.38 / Chapter 4. --- Statistical analysis --- p.39 / Chapter Chapter III. --- Result --- p.40 / Chapter 1. --- DHT-RIA --- p.40 / Chapter 1.1. --- Antiserum for DHT-RIA / Chapter 1.1.1. --- Optimal antibody titre for DHT-RIA --- p.40 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- Cross reactivity with related steroids --- p.42 / Chapter 1.2. --- KMnO4 treatment of T antiserum for DHT-RIA --- p.43 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- Optimization of KMnO4 treatment --- p.43 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Upper limit of oxidizing power of 0.5% KMnO4 --- p.44 / Chapter 1.2.3. --- Efficiency and background effect of 0.5% KMnO4 treatment on DHT-RIA --- p.45 / Chapter 1.3. --- Characterization of the DHT-RIA --- p.47 / Chapter 2. --- Reference range for DHT in Chinese males and females --- p.51 / Chapter 2.1. --- Reference range of DHT in three different study groups --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2. --- Ratio of DHT/T in Chinese males and Caucasian males --- p.52 / Chapter 2.3. --- Correlation studies --- p.53 / Chapter 3. --- Results of small clinical trial --- p.54 / Chapter 3.1. --- Mean serum analyte changes during the course --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2. --- Changes in analyte concentrations during the course --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3. --- Difference in mean serum analytes between BPH males predose level and normal males with and without age matching --- p.57 / Chapter 3.4. --- "The response, percentage change of DHT and DHT/T ratio of individual patient during the course of study" --- p.58 / Chapter Chapter IV. --- Discussion --- p.59 / Chapter 1. --- Radioimmunoassay for DHT --- p.59 / Chapter 2 . --- Establishment of DHT reference range in Chinese males and females --- p.62 / Chapter 3. --- The usefulness of 5a reductase inhibitor in the treatment of BPH --- p.65 / Chapter Chapter V. --- Conclusion --- p.69 / References --- p.70

Han, Li. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-140). / Abstract and appendixes also in Chinese. / Chapter 1.1 --- BACKGROUND & SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- BPH --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- PREVALENCE OF BPH --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- IMPACT OF BPH SYMPTOMS ON PATIENTS --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF BPH --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- IMPACT OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS ON QUALITY OF LIFE --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- IMPACT OF BPH MEDICAL MANAGEMENT ON PATIENTS --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF BPH --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- SIDE EFFECTS OF PHARMACOLOGICAL AND SURGICAL THERAPIES --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- USE OF COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE THERAPY AMONG BPH PATIENTS --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.4.1 --- PREVALENCE --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.4.2 --- REASONS FOR TURNING TO CAM --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2 --- ISOFLAVONES --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- ISOFLAVONES FUNCTION --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- STRUCTURE --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- FOOD SOURCES --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- APPLICATION OF ISOFLAVONES IN BPH --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- DOCUMENTED MECHANISM OF BPH --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- STUDIES IN VITRO --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- STUDIES IN VIVO --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3. --- RESEARCH GAP IN HUMAN STUDY --- p.50 / Chapter 3.1 --- STUDY DESIGN --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2 --- AIM --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3 --- STUDY POPULATION --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- INCLUSION CRITERIA --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- EXCLUSION CRITERIA --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- SAMPLE SIZE ESTIMATION --- p.53 / Chapter 3.4 --- RANDOMIZATION --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- GENERATION THE RANDOM ALLOCATION SEQUENCE AND DETAILS OF RESTRICTION OF RANDOMIZATION --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- IMPLEMENTATION OF RANDOMIZATION --- p.54 / Chapter 3.5 --- BLINDING --- p.55 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- WHO WERE BLINDED --- p.55 / Chapter 3.6 --- INTERVENTION --- p.55 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- STUDY MEDICATIONS AND DOSAGE --- p.55 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- STUDY REGIMEN --- p.56 / Chapter 3.7 --- DATA COLLECTION --- p.56 / Chapter 3.8 --- OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS --- p.58 / Chapter 3.8.1 --- PRIMARY OUTCOME --- p.58 / Chapter 3.8.1.1 --- UROFLOWMETRY： PEAK URINE FLOW RATE (QMAX) --- p.58 / Chapter 3.8.2 --- SECONDARY OUTCOMES --- p.59 / Chapter 3.8.2.1 --- BLADDER SCAN： POST-VOIDING RESIDUAL VOLUME (PVR) --- p.59 / Chapter 3.8.2.2 --- SYMPTOMS SCORE (IPSS) --- p.60 / Chapter 3.8.2.3 --- QUALIFY OF LIFE --- p.61 / Chapter 3.8.2.4 --- SERUM PSA LEVEL --- p.62 / Chapter 3.8.2.5 --- URINALYSIS TEST --- p.62 / Chapter 3.8.3 --- AE/SAE --- p.63 / Chapter 3.8.3.1 --- SELF REPORTED AE/SAE --- p.63 / Chapter 3.8.3.2 --- SEXUAL HORMONE LEVEL --- p.64 / Chapter 3.8.3.3 --- SEXUAL RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE --- p.64 / Chapter 3.9 --- STATISTICAL ANALYSIS --- p.65 / Chapter 3.9.1 --- DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS --- p.65 / Chapter 3.9.2 --- COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS --- p.65 / Chapter 4.1 --- PARTICIPANTS FLOW --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2 --- DEMOGRAPHICS --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3 --- BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS COMPARISON --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- IPSS --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- QMAX AND PRV --- p.73 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- QUALITY OF LIFE --- p.73 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- SERUM PSA LEVEL --- p.74 / Chapter 4.4 --- EFFICACY OUTCOMES --- p.74 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- QMAX AND PVR --- p.74 / Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- QMAX --- p.74 / Chapter 4.4.1.2 --- PVR --- p.75 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- IPSS --- p.79 / Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- TOTAL IPSS --- p.79 / Chapter 4.4.2.2 --- IPSS SUB SCORE 1_ INCOMPLETE EMPTYING --- p.79 / Chapter 4.4.2.3 --- IPSS SUB SCORE 2_ FREQUENCY --- p.80 / Chapter 4.4.2.4 --- IPSS SUB SCORE 3_INTERMITTENCY --- p.81 / Chapter 4.4.2.5 --- IPSS SUB SCORE 4_ URGENCY --- p.82 / Chapter 4.4.2.6 --- IPSS SUB SCORE 5_ WEAK STREAM --- p.82 / Chapter 4.4.2.7 --- IPSS SUB SCORE 6_ STRAINING --- p.83 / Chapter 4.4.2.8 --- IPSS SUB SCORE 7_ NOCTURIA --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- QOL --- p.90 / Chapter 4.4.3.1 --- QOL IN IPSS Q8_QOL_URINATION --- p.90 / Chapter 4.4.3.2 --- QOL IN SF-36 --- p.91 / Chapter 4.4.3.2.1 --- PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING --- p.91 / Chapter 4.4.3.2.2 --- ROLE-PHYSICAL --- p.92 / Chapter 4.4.3.2.3 --- BODY PAIN --- p.92 / Chapter 4.4.3.2.4 --- GENERAL HEALTH --- p.93 / Chapter 4.4.3.2.5 --- VITALITY --- p.94 / Chapter 4.4.3.2.6 --- SOCIAL FUNCTIONING --- p.95 / Chapter 4.4.3.2.7 --- ROLE-EMOTIONAL --- p.95 / Chapter 4.4.3.2.8 --- MENTAL HEALTH --- p.96 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- SERUM PSA LEVEL --- p.103 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- SUBGROUP ANALYSIS --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- SELF-PREFERENCE EFFECT ANALYSIS --- p.107 / Chapter 4.4.7 --- DIARY ANALYSIS --- p.109 / Chapter 4.5 --- ADVERSE EVENTS --- p.113 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- SELF-REPORTED AE/SAE --- p.113 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- SEXUAL HORMONE LEVEL --- p.114 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- SEXUAL RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE --- p.114 / Chapter 4.5.3.1 --- SEXUAL LIFE UNSATISFACTORY --- p.114 / Chapter 4.5.3.2 --- LIBIDO DECREASE --- p.115 / Chapter 5.1 --- PRINCIPAL FINDINGS --- p.116 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- EFFICACY --- p.116 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- SAFETY --- p.117 / Chapter 5.2 --- STRENGH AND LIMITATIOINS --- p.117 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- STRENGTH --- p.117 / Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- BLINDING IS EFFECTIVE --- p.117 / Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- COMPLIANCE IS GOOD --- p.118 / Chapter 5.2.1.3 --- LONG TREATMENT PERIOD --- p.119 / Chapter 5.2.1.4 --- STUDY OUTCOMES INCLUDE BOTH OBJECTIVE OUTCOMES AND SUBJECTIVE OUTCOMES --- p.121 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- LIMITATIONS --- p.121 / Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE SIZE --- p.122 / Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- POSSIBLY LOW DOSE --- p.122 / Chapter 5.2.2.3 --- LACK OF BASELINE DATA ON QUALITY OF SEXUAL LIFE --- p.123 / Chapter 5.2.2.4 --- "LACK OF DATA ON LIFESTY FACTORES INCLUDING DIETARY HABIT, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SMOKING STATUS AND ACOHOL CONSUMPTION" --- p.123 / Chapter 5.3 --- INTERPRETATIONS OF THE RESUTLS --- p.124 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- TWO POSIVE RESULTS IN EMPTYING FUNCTION AND QUALITY OF LIFE --- p.124 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- ONE NEGATIVE RESULT IN PEAK URINARY FLOW RATE --- p.127 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- QUALITY OF SEXUAL LIFE --- p.129 / Chapter 6.1 --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.130 / Chapter 6.2 --- IMPLICATIONS --- p.131