Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-11-12T14:44:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudiaCecilioDaher_DISSERT.pdf: 1582932 bytes, checksum: a5b87b42e15b284fd48200411e8eea44 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elisangela Moura (lilaalves@gmail.com) on 2015-11-16T12:26:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudiaCecilioDaher_DISSERT.pdf: 1582932 bytes, checksum: a5b87b42e15b284fd48200411e8eea44 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-16T12:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudiaCecilioDaher_DISSERT.pdf: 1582932 bytes, checksum: a5b87b42e15b284fd48200411e8eea44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / O uso de protetor solar ? uma das medidas de fotoprote??o mais utilizada pela popula??o, assim esses produtos devem oferecer prote??o de amplo espectro contra as radia??es UVA e UVB. Subst?ncias vegetais t?m sido recentemente consideradas um recurso para ser utilizadas em formula??es fotoprotetoras devido a sua absor??o no espectro UV e propriedades antioxidantes. A Euterpe oleraceae Mart., conhecida popularmente como a?a?, cont?m em sua composi??o qu?mica, compostos polifen?licos como as antocianinas e flavonoides, aos quais ? atribu?da a propriedade antioxidante. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos desenvolver e avaliar a estabilidade de emuls?es O/A contendo extrato glic?lico de a?a? e avaliar a efic?cia fotoprotetora. A seguran?a do extrato foi determinada por meio de testes in vitro de citotoxicidade e fototoxicidade. Emuls?es contendo extrato glic?lico de a?a? foram formuladas utilizando diferentes tipos e concentra??es de emulsionantes polim?ricos (Acrylates/C 10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer e Sodium Polyacrylate). A influ?ncia de dois modificadores reol?gicos (Carbomer e Polyacrylamide (and) C 13-14 Isoparaffin (and) Laureth-7) forma estudados com o objetivo de melhor a estabilidade. A estabilidade f?sica foi avaliada por meio de testes preliminares e acelerados. A an?lise macrosc?pica, determina??o dos valores de pH e condutividade el?trica e o comportamento reol?gico foram determinados em diferentes tempos. A determina??o do Fator de Prote??o Solar (FPS) in vivo foi realizado pelo m?todo COLIPA 2006, e o Fator de Prote??o UVA (FPUVA), comprimento de onda cr?tico e raz?o FPS/FPUVA, foram realizados de acordo com o m?todo in vitro COLIPA 2011. O extrato em estudo n?o apresentou-se citot?xico e fotot?xico. A emuls?o est?vel contendo 5% de extrato glic?lico de a?a? e 1,0% de Sodium Polyacrylate apresentou carater?sticas pseudopl?tica e tixotr?pica. A emuls?o contendo o extrato de a?a? obteve FPS 25,3 e FPUVA 14,97. A adi??o do extrato glic?lico de a?a? n?o proporcionou aumentou siginificante no FPS e o FPUVA. Esta emuls?o apresentou 1,69 de raz?o FPS/FPUVA e comprimento de onda cr?tico em 378 nm, podendo ent?o ser considerada um fotoprotetor de amplo espectro, com prote??o contra UVA e UVB. / Sunscreen use is the most common photoprotection alternative used by the population, and so these products should offer improved protection with broad - spectrum, UVA and UVB protection . Vegetal substances have recently been considered as resources for sunscreen formulations due to their UV spectrum absorption and antioxidant properties. The Euterpe oleracea Mart., popularly known as a?ai, in its che mical composition contain polyphenols compounds, such as anthocyanins and flavonoids , to which antioxidant properties have been attributed . The aim of this work was to develop O/W sunscreens emulsions con taining a?ai glycolic extract ( AGE) and to evaluate both their physical stability , safety and photoprotective efficacy. The safety of the extract was evaluated by in vitro phototoxicity and cytotoxicity tests. Emulsions containing AGE and sunscreens were formulated using different types and concentrations o f polymeric surfactant (Acrylates/C 10 - 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer and Sodium Polyacrylate). The influence of two rheology modifiers (Polyacrylamide (and) C13 - 14/Isoparaffin (and) Laureth - 7 and Carbomer) on the stability was also investigated. Physical stability was evaluated by preliminary and accelerated studies. The macroscopic analyses, pH value and electrical conductivity determinations and rheological behavior were evaluated at different time intervals . The in vivo Sun Protect Factor ( SPF ) was determined according to the International Sun Protection Factor Test Method ? 2006 and UVA Protection Factor (FPUVA), wavelength critical and reason SPF/FPUVA were performed according to the method Colipa 2011. The extract did not present cytotoxic ity and phototoxic ity . The stable emulsion containing 5% glycolic extract of a?ai and 1.0% of sodium poliyacrylate showed pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior . The sunscreen emulsion containing a?ai glycolic extract showed a SPF 25.3 and PF - UVA = 14.97. Whe n a?ai glycolic extract was added in the emulsion sunscreen, no significant increase in the in vivo SPF and FPUVA values were observed. This emulsion showed 1.69 of the SPF/PF - UVA ratio and a critical wavelength value of 378 nm, so may therefore be conside red a sunscreen with UVA and UVB protection.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianoSVL_capa_ate_secao4.pdf: 2920544 bytes, checksum: 1be7339037691ce93eaf62558becf297 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-12-15 / The present work concerns the use of shade elements as architectural elements to block sunlight in public buildings. In a city like Natal, (5o South) the incidence of sunrays in any type of design should be a constant concern for all the architects. Besides, this habit of avoiding insolation in the environment is not a common practice. Within this context, the present work has the objective to dig deep into the knowledge of solar control, studying some cases and verifying its function according to the orientation and the original design of the building, having in mind if the shade elements usually used in the region have achieved their purpose of providing protection against the incidence of direct sun rays. This study considers the position of the shade element (horizontal and vertical), the angle formed between them and the respective facades, and the local of the buildings in relation to their orientation during the summer, winter and equinox solstice. As supporting instruments the solar map of the city and the protractor, for measuring shade angles, were used. It was concluded that in all the cases studied, it was not possible to obtain the maximum use of the elements. It was verified that the best type of shade element (more efficient) for the city of Natal is the mixed type (horizontal and vertical) and that the vertical shade elements are more efficient in the early mornings and late afternoon. The horizontal shade elements are used more effective at midday. We intend to present the results of this study to the architects in the region in order to show them the correct ways of using the shade elements according to the possible orientation on the facade, as a supporting tool at the time of designing a project as well as a subsidy for further discussions on the elaboration of the new urban standards for the city of Natal/RN / O presente trabalho apresenta o uso de elementos arquitet?nicos como forma de prote??o aos raios solares em edif?cios p?blicos. Em uma cidade como Natal (5? sul), a incid?ncia dos raios solares em qualquer tipo de projeto deveria ser uma preocupa??o constante para todos os arquitetos. Entretanto, o h?bito de proteger a edifica??o da insola??o n?o ? uma pr?tica comum. Dentro deste contexto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo se aprofundar no conhecimento do controle solar, estudando alguns casos e verificando sua funcionalidade de acordo com a orienta??o e seu desenho original, tendo em mente que os elementos de sombra geralmente usados na regi?o t?m o prop?sito de dar prote??o contra a incid?ncia direta aos raios solares. Este estudo considera a posi??o do protetor solar (horizontal e vertical), o ?ngulo formado entre eles e as respectivas fachadas, al?m do local da edifica??o em rela??o a sua orienta??o durante os solst?cios de ver?o e inverno e equin?cio. Como instrumento de apoio foram utilizadas as cartas solares para a cidade e o transferidor de ?ngulo de sombra. Conclui-se que em todos os casos estudados, n?o foi poss?vel obter m?ximo proveito destes elementos. Foi verificado que o melhor protetor solar (mais eficiente) para a cidade do Natal ? o do tipo misto (horizontal e vertical) e que os elementos verticais s?o mais eficientes no come?o da manh? e final da tarde. Os elementos horizontais s?o mais eficientes pr?ximos ao meio-dia. Pretende-se apresentar os resultados deste estudo aos arquitetos da cidade para indicar as formas corretas de uso de elementos de prote??o ao sol, de acordo com a possibilidade da orienta??o da fachada, como ferramenta de aux?lio ao projeto, como tamb?m, que esta pesquisa possa servir de subs?dio para futuras discuss?es na elabora??o do novo c?digo de obras para a cidade de Natal/RN