Le travail présenté dans cette thèse s'inscrit dans un contexte de manipulation croissante d'images et de vidéo sur des systèmes embarqués parallèles. Les limitations et le manque de flexibilité dans la conception actuelle de ces systèmes font qu’il est de plus en plus compliqué de mettre en oeuvre les applications, en particulier lorsque le système est hétérogène. Or, non seulement Open Computing Language (OpenCL) est un nouveau cadre pour utiliser pleinement la capacité de calcul des processeurs généraux ou embarqués, mais, en outre, des outils de prototypage rapide sont disponibles pour la conception des systèmes, leur but étant de générer un prototype fiable ou de mettre en oeuvre de manière automatique les applications de traitement d’images et vidéo sur les systèmes embarqués. L'objectif général de cette thèse est d'évaluer et d'améliorer les processus de conception pour les systèmes embarqués, particulièrement ceux fondés sur des approches flot de données (haut niveau d’abstraction) et OpenCL (niveau intermédiaire d’abstraction). Cet objectif ambitieux fait l’objet de plusieurs projets dont le projet collaboratif COMPA, mettant en oeuvre les outils Orcc, Preesm et HMPP. Dans ce cadre, cette thèse vise à valider et évaluer ces outils sur des applications d'estimation de mouvement et d’appariement stéréo. Nous avons ainsi modélisé ces applications dans le langage hautniveau RVC-CAL. Puis, par le biais des trois outils Orcc, Preesm et HMPP, nous avons généré et vérifié du code C, OpenCL et CUDA, pour des plates-formes hétérogènes CPU multi-coeur et GPU. L’implémentation des algorithmes sur la puce embarquée MPPA multi-coeur (many-core) de la société KALRAY, a été étudiée. Pour atteindre l’objectif, nous avons proposé trois algorithmes. Le premier est un estimateur de mouvement parallélisé pour un système hétérogène constitué d’un CPU et d’un GPU : pour cette implantation, nous avons développé une méthode qui équilibre la répartition des charges entre CPU et GPU. Le second algorithme est une méthode d’appariement stéréo en temps réel : elle utilise une combinaison de fonctions de coût et une agrégation des coûts par pas d’itération carré ; nos résultats expérimentaux surpassent les autres méthodes en offrant un compromis intéressant entre la complexité de l’algorithme et sa précision. Le troisième algorithme est une méthode d’appariement stéréo basée sur le mouvement : elle utilise les vecteurs de mouvements issus du premier algorithme pour déterminer la région d’étude nécessaire pour le second algorithme ; nos résultats montrent que l’approche est particulièrement efficace lorsque les séquences de test sont riches en mouvement, même bruitées. / The work presented in this thesis takes place in a context of growing demand for image and video applications on parallel embedded systems. The limitations and lack of flexibility of current design with parallel embedded systems make increasingly complicated to implement applications, particularly on heterogeneous systems. But Open Computing Language (OpenCL) is a new framework for fully employ the capability of computation of general purpose processors or embedded processors. In the meantime, some rapid prototyping tools to design systems are proposed to generate a reliably prototype or automatically implement the image and video applications on embedded systems. The goal of this thesis was to evaluate and to improve design processes for embedded systems, especially based on the dataflow approach (high level of abstraction) and OpenCL approach (intermediate level of abstraction). This challenge is tackled by several projects including the collaborative project COMPA which studies a framework based on the Orcc, Preesm and HMPP tools. In this context, this thesis aims to validate and to evaluate the framework with motion estimation and stereo matching algorithms. For this aim, algorithms have been described using the high-level RVC-CAL language. With the help of Orcc, Preesm, and HMPP tools, we generated and verified C code or OpenCL code or CUDA code for heterogeneous platforms based on multi-core CPU and GPU. We also studied the implementations of these algorithms onto the last generation of many-core for embedded system called MPPA and developed by KALRAY. We proposed three algorithms. One is a parallelized motion estimation method for heterogeneous system based on one CPU and one GPU: we developed one basic method to balance the workload distribution on such heterogeneous system. The second algorithm is a real-time stereo matching method that adopts combined costs and costs aggregation with square size step to implement on laptop’s GPU platform: our experimental results outperform other baseline methods about tradeoff between matching accuracy and time-efficiency. The third algorithm is a joint motion-based video stereo matching method that uses the motion vectors calculated by the first algorithm to build the support region for the second algorithm: our experimental results outperform the stereo video matching methods in the test sequences with abundant movement even in large amounts of noise.

The work presented in this thesis takes place in a context of growing demand for image and video applications on parallel embedded systems. The limitations and lack of flexibility of current design with parallel embedded systems make increasingly complicated to implement applications, particularly on heterogeneous systems. But Open Computing Language (OpenCL) is a new framework for fully employ the capability of computation of general purpose processors or embedded processors. In the meantime, some rapid prototyping tools to design systems are proposed to generate a reliably prototype or automatically implement the image and video applications on embedded systems. The goal of this thesis was to evaluate and to improve design processes for embedded systems, especially based on the dataflow approach (high level of abstraction) and OpenCL approach (intermediate level of abstraction). This challenge is tackled by several projects including the collaborative project COMPA which studies a framework based on the Orcc, Preesm and HMPP tools. In this context, this thesis aims to validate and to evaluate the framework with motion estimation and stereo matching algorithms. For this aim, algorithms have been described using the high-level RVC-CAL language. With the help of Orcc, Preesm, and HMPP tools, we generated and verified C code or OpenCL code or CUDA code for heterogeneous platforms based on multi-core CPU and GPU. We also studied the implementations of these algorithms onto the last generation of many-core for embedded system called MPPA and developed by KALRAY. We proposed three algorithms. One is a parallelized motion estimation method for heterogeneous system based on one CPU and one GPU: we developed one basic method to balance the workload distribution on such heterogeneous system. The second algorithm is a real-time stereo matching method that adopts combined costs and costs aggregation with square size step to implement on laptop's GPU platform: our experimental results outperform other baseline methods about tradeoff between matching accuracy and time-efficiency. The third algorithm is a joint motion-based video stereo matching method that uses the motion vectors calculated by the first algorithm to build the support region for the second algorithm: our experimental results outperform the stereo video matching methods in the test sequences with abundant movement even in large amounts of noise.

Diploma thesis "Prototyping in software development" deals with the use of prototyping in software development with focus on the user interface (UI). Main goal of thesis is extension of MMSP methodology with sphere of the user interface prototyping which has been achieved by the definition of new object in the methodology. The text defines two new roles (objects): UI Designer and Graphic Designer. The roles already defined in MMSP were extended with responsibilities and tasks related to UI prototyping. Other newly added objects are Work Products (e.g. sketch or rules for creation of UI) and Tasks (e.g. sketching). The inclusion of prototyping into life-cycle phases of software development (defined by the methodology) includes all newly added objects. In the beginning the thesis generally concentrates on the definition of the term prototype and the categorization of prototypes. In the next part the thesis describes the possibilities of the use of prototyping in the process of software development and defines criteria for the selection of the best tool for creation of prototypes (wireframes). The sixth chapter focuses on the process of selection of the methodology suitable for the extension with the area of UI. The last chapter contains the MMSP methodology extension itself.