Criminal procedure, the public and media - abstract The public principle is a fundamental element of the right to a fair trial. This public character protects litigants against the secret administration of justice with no public scrutiny. Public hearing also fulfils the educational and preventive function. Therefore there must be sufficient legal reasons to justify an exclusion of the public. The right of the public to receive information and the media's right to disseminate information are tied with the public control of the judiciary. Courts do not operate in a vacuum and criminal cases may be a subject to public debates. However, none of this is happening without any regulation. The freedom of expression has also its limits. As the personality rights and the presumption of innocence stand at the same level as this freedom. Media play two important roles in criminal proceedings. First role consists of dissemination of information (within the public interest) about ongoing criminal proceedings. This important task has several results. One is development of general prevention, when state tries to influence the society as whole, another is assistance with finding a missing person. Second role of media is interfaced with supervision. Information provided by media facilitate to control criminal proceedings....

The provision of environmental education towards sustainability with reference to the Inner City Enviro Centre in Tshwane is a comprehensive research project that describes the establishment and development of the Inner City Environmental Centre over a six-year period. This research focuses on the informal education sector and the methods used by centres, both locally and internationally to provide environmental education and / or education for sustainability. The Inner City Enviro Centre is used as a case study. The development of the ICEC is investigated in terms of the objectives it was to fulfil. The achievements and difficulties that the ICEC experienced are examined. This was done using document analysis and by interviewing those involved. This information was then assimilated and helped the researcher to make informed, objective judgements concerning the ICEC. Educators working on a project with the ICEC were given questionnaires which asked questions relating to environmental education and excursions. The data collected from findings is used to provide guidelines for future development of the ICEC and for others who might want to embark on similar projects. / Further Teacher Education / M.Ed. (Environmental Education)

The provision of environmental education towards sustainability with reference to the Inner City Enviro Centre in Tshwane is a comprehensive research project that describes the establishment and development of the Inner City Environmental Centre over a six-year period. This research focuses on the informal education sector and the methods used by centres, both locally and internationally to provide environmental education and / or education for sustainability. The Inner City Enviro Centre is used as a case study. The development of the ICEC is investigated in terms of the objectives it was to fulfil. The achievements and difficulties that the ICEC experienced are examined. This was done using document analysis and by interviewing those involved. This information was then assimilated and helped the researcher to make informed, objective judgements concerning the ICEC. Educators working on a project with the ICEC were given questionnaires which asked questions relating to environmental education and excursions. The data collected from findings is used to provide guidelines for future development of the ICEC and for others who might want to embark on similar projects. / Further Teacher Education / M.Ed. (Environmental Education)

XX a. antroje pusėje įvykę esminiai pokyčiai – demokratizacijos procesai, rinkos santykių skverbimasis į mediciną, naujų technologijų taikymas diagnostikoje ir gydyme, riboti sveikatos priežiūros resursai – buvo tiesiogiai susijęs su paciento teisių ir laisvių pripažinimu. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti pacientų teisių raišką per gydytojo ir paciento santykius stacionarinėse asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose. Šiame darbe įvertinta pacientų bei gydytojų nuomonė apie paciento teisės į informaciją užtikrinimą ir jos įtaką paciento dalyvavimui priimant sprendimus. Išanalizuotas pacientų socialinių ir demografinių veiksnių ryšys su pacientų informuotumu apie jų ligą, medicininių tyrimų rezultatus, gydymo metodus, galimas gydymo pasekmes ir dalyvavimu priimant sprendimus. Palygintas gydytojų ir pacientų požiūris į abipusį pasitikėjimą ir konfidencialumo užtikrinimą stacionarinėse asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose. Atskleista gydytojų ir pacientų nuomonė apie įstatyme reglamentuojamą nuostatą apie valstybės laiduojamą sveikatos priežiūros užtikrinimą. Disertacijoje vertinama ne tik pacientų nuomonė apie jų teisių užtikrinimą gydantis stacionarinėse asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose, bet atskleidžiamos ir gydytojų problemos, su kuriomis jie susiduria, norėdami įgyvendinti Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymu reglamentuotas pacientų teises. Darbe akcentuojami ne tik pacientų teisių apribojimai ir suvaržymai, bet ir pabrėžiami nepakankami valstybės veiksmai užtikrinant realią ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Essential changes in the society that occurred in the second half of the 20th century – the democratization processes, penetration of market relationships into medicine, application of new technologies in diagnostics and treatment, limited healthcare resources – were directly related to the recognition of patients’ rights and liberties. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of patients’ rights through physician-patient relationships in inpatient personal healthcare units. Physicians’ and patients’ opinion about assurance of patients’ right to information and patients participation in decision-making was evaluated in this dissertation. The associations of patients’ social and demographic characteristics with the extent to which they are informed about their disease, the results of medical examinations, methods of treatment, possible treatment outcomes and participation in decision-making were analyzed. Physicians’ and patients’ attitudes towards mutual trust and confidentiality assurance in inpatients personal healthcare units were compared. Physicians’ and patients’ opinion about regulated provision of patients’ right to State-guaranteed free healthcare was revealed. This dissertation not only evaluates patients’ opinion about the assurance of their rights in inpatient personal healthcare units, but also discloses problems that physicians face when trying to implement patients’ rights regulated by the Law of the Republic of Lithuania. The study not only... [to full text]