Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. / Bibliography: leaves 122-137. / xiv, 158 leaves, [16] leaves of plates : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / 18 species of Eucalyptus were subjected to trials to investigate their suitability for floriculture and the effect of pruning for cut flower production. Post harvest trials were conducted to assess the vase life of cut stems, and the effect of pulsing and simulated transportation on vase life. Species of Eucalyptus were also studied for changes in wax morphology of juvenile foliage with leaf age and for variation in amount and composition of leaf epicuticular wax. Molecular markers were discovered which may facilitate the management of E. gunnii breeding and selection for the cut foliage industry, by providing an initial screen for glaucousness. 12 species were recommened for the cut foliage industry. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, 1999

Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Bibliography: leaves 122-137. 18 species of Eucalyptus were subjected to trials to investigate their suitability for floriculture and the effect of pruning for cut flower production. Post harvest trials were conducted to assess the vase life of cut stems, and the effect of pulsing and simulated transportation on vase life. Species of Eucalyptus were also studied for changes in wax morphology of juvenile foliage with leaf age and for variation in amount and composition of leaf epicuticular wax. Molecular markers were discovered which may facilitate the management of E. gunnii breeding and selection for the cut foliage industry, by providing an initial screen for glaucousness. 12 species were recommened for the cut foliage industry.

The formation of neural connections in the mammalian nervous system is a complex process. During development, axons are initially overproduced and compete for limited quantities of target-derived growth factors. Axons which participate in functional circuits and secure appropriate amounts of growth factors are stabilized, while those axons that are either inappropriately connected or do not obtain sufficient concentrations of growth factors are eliminated in a process termed ‘axon pruning’. In this thesis, I examined the mechanisms that regulate pruning of peripheral, NGF-dependent sympathetic neurons that project to the eye. I determined that pruning of these projections in vivo requires the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from the activity-dependent exon IV promoter. Furthermore, analysis of an in vitro model of axon competition, which is regulated by the interplay between nerve growth factor (NGF) and neuronal activity, revealed that p75NTR and BDNF are also essential for axon competition in culture. In this model, in the presence of NGF, neural activity confers a competitive growth advantage to stimulated, active axons by enhancing downstream TrkA (NGF receptor) signaling locally in axons. More interestingly, the unstimulated, inactive axons deriving from the same and neighboring neurons acquire a "growth disadvantage" due to secreted BDNF acting through p75NTR, which induces axon degeneration by suppressing TrkA signaling that is essential for axonal integrity. These data support a model where, during developmental axon competition, successful axons secrete BDNF in an activity-dependent fashion which activates p75NTR on unsuccessful neighboring axons, suppressing TrkA signaling, and ultimately promoting pruning by a degenerative mechanism.

The formation of neural connections in the mammalian nervous system is a complex process. During development, axons are initially overproduced and compete for limited quantities of target-derived growth factors. Axons which participate in functional circuits and secure appropriate amounts of growth factors are stabilized, while those axons that are either inappropriately connected or do not obtain sufficient concentrations of growth factors are eliminated in a process termed ‘axon pruning’. In this thesis, I examined the mechanisms that regulate pruning of peripheral, NGF-dependent sympathetic neurons that project to the eye. I determined that pruning of these projections in vivo requires the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from the activity-dependent exon IV promoter. Furthermore, analysis of an in vitro model of axon competition, which is regulated by the interplay between nerve growth factor (NGF) and neuronal activity, revealed that p75NTR and BDNF are also essential for axon competition in culture. In this model, in the presence of NGF, neural activity confers a competitive growth advantage to stimulated, active axons by enhancing downstream TrkA (NGF receptor) signaling locally in axons. More interestingly, the unstimulated, inactive axons deriving from the same and neighboring neurons acquire a "growth disadvantage" due to secreted BDNF acting through p75NTR, which induces axon degeneration by suppressing TrkA signaling that is essential for axonal integrity. These data support a model where, during developmental axon competition, successful axons secrete BDNF in an activity-dependent fashion which activates p75NTR on unsuccessful neighboring axons, suppressing TrkA signaling, and ultimately promoting pruning by a degenerative mechanism.

This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. / Bibliography: leaves 122-137. / xiv, 158 leaves, [16] leaves of plates : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / 18 species of Eucalyptus were subjected to trials to investigate their suitability for floriculture and the effect of pruning for cut flower production. Post harvest trials were conducted to assess the vase life of cut stems, and the effect of pulsing and simulated transportation on vase life. Species of Eucalyptus were also studied for changes in wax morphology of juvenile foliage with leaf age and for variation in amount and composition of leaf epicuticular wax. Molecular markers were discovered which may facilitate the management of E. gunnii breeding and selection for the cut foliage industry, by providing an initial screen for glaucousness. 12 species were recommened for the cut foliage industry. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, 1999

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-16Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:57:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000793230.pdf: 13516031 bytes, checksum: 846f3aa24c401d26155a8d081af6e130 (MD5) / Partes das interrupções no fornecimento de energia elétrica são causadas pelo contato das extremidades da vegetação com os elementos do sistema, prejudicando a confiabilidade e a qualidade dos sistemas de distribuição. Aumento nos custos com não fornecimento de energia elétrica e com manutenções corretivas são consequências da ausência de planos para realização da manutenção da vegetação. A necessidade de manter o fornecimento de energia elétrica e consequentemente o aumento da confiança do sistema de distribuição é o foco para modelos de programação centrados no aumento da confiabilidade a baixo custo.Neste trabalho é proposto um modelo matemático de programação binária dinâmica multiobjetivo para o problema de manutenção preventiva da vegetação sob um sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica. O modelo de otimização contempla a minimização de três objetivos: custos com energia não suprida devido às falhas relacionadas com a vegetação, custos com manutenções - poda ou remoções de árvores, e um indicativo de inconfiabilidade do sistema devido à continuidade do serviço baseado no índice FEC (Frequência Equivalente por Consumidor). A confiabilidade dos alimentadores é determinada através de modelos probabilísticos como um processo renovável, considerada no modelo matemático como um índice de inconfiabilidade devido à vegetação. A metodologia de solução proposta é o algoritmo multiobjetivo NSGA-II, implementado em linguagem de programação C++, obtendo-se um conjunto de soluções não dominadas, que tende a convergir para frente ótima de Pareto. Esta metodologia foi testada em um sistema de distribuição real composto por 25 alimentadores de uma cidade de médio porte. / Parts of interruptions in electricity supply are caused by contact with the edges of the vegetation system elements, impairing the reliability and quality of distribution systems. Increased costs with no electricity supply and corrective maintenance are the consequences of the absence of plans for carrying out the maintenance of vegetation. The need to maintain the supply of electricity and consequently the increased confidence of the distribution system is the aim of programming models focused on increasing the system reliability at the low cost. This work propose a mathematical model of dynamic multi-objective binary programming problem for preventive maintenance of vegetation under a system of power distribution. The optimization model contemplates to minimize three objectives such as cost of unserved energy due to failures related to the vegetation, maintenance costs such as pruning or removal of trees, and an indication of system unreliability due to continuity of service based on FEC (Equivalent Frequency for Consumer). The reliability of the feeders is determined using probabilistic models as a renewable process, considered in the mathematical model as an unreliability index. The solution methodology is proposed a multi-objective algorithm NSGA-II implemented in the programming language C++, obtaining a set of non-dominated solutions among themselves, which tends to converge to Pareto optimal front. This methodology is tested on a real distribution system of a medium sized city.

A vitivinicultura é uma atividade de grande importância econômica e social na Região da Serra Gaúcha, destacando-se na produção de vinhos, sucos e derivados. De acordo com a característica da produção vitícola da região, formada de pequenos produtores, com mão de obra familiar na grande maioria das propriedades rurais. As atividades de manejo cultural, que envolvem a utilização de mão de obra, são significativas e de grande importância, sendo necessária sua maximização para a redução de custos, sem comprometer a qualidade das uvas. Uma destas atividades é a poda seca, também chamada de poda de produção ou poda definitiva, que normalmente é realizada nos períodos de julho a setembro, sendo necessário um intenso uso de mão de obra. Assim, um maior período para a realização desta atividade é interessante do ponto de vista do escalonamento das atividades e para o aproveitamento da mão de obra familiar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção e a qualidade das uvas produzidas em diversas épocas de poda. A poda foi realizada a cada quinze dias, a partir do dia 1º de abril até 15 de setembro de 2012. Foram utilizadas as variedades Cabernet Sauvignon e Isabel, em dois vinhedos localizados no município de Farroupilha-RS. Os principais parâmetros avaliados foram: época de brotação, floração, maturação, índices de produtividade, grau glucométrio, pH e Acidez Titulável. Os tratamentos (12 épocas de poda) foram aplicados em parcelas experimentais compostas por três plantas, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (Anova) e comparação de médias utilizando o teste de Tukey a 5%. Os resultados mostraram que a poda antecipada realizada nos meses de abril e maio, pode ser utilizada sem comprometer a produção e qualidade das uvas em relação à época de poda normal (agosto e setembro). A época de poda precoce (junho e julho) provoca uma antecipação da brotação e prejudica a uniformização e o percentual de brotação das varas. Foi observado também que a poda antecipada e a tardia induzem uma brotação mais tardia, com menor risco de dano causado por geadas primaveris e um maior percentual de brotação nas varas com uma maior uniformidade. A poda antecipada contribui ainda para a redução na contratação da mão de obra externa e, consequentemente, na redução de custos, sendo realizada numa época de menor atividade agrícola. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2015-02-24T18:58:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Paulo Adolfo Tesser.pdf: 4085326 bytes, checksum: 91f21a9cdcb436f7d48f2a0b74264031 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T18:58:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Paulo Adolfo Tesser.pdf: 4085326 bytes, checksum: 91f21a9cdcb436f7d48f2a0b74264031 (MD5) / Viticulture is an activity of great economic and social importance in the region of Serra Gaúcha, especially the production of wines, juices and derivatives. According to the characteristic of the wine production in the region, formed by small producers, with family labor in most farms. The activities of cultural practices that involve the use of manpower, are significant and of great importance for maximizing their cost reduction is required, without compromising the quality of the grapes. One of these activities is dry pruning, also called pruning production or final pruning, which is usually held during the periods from July to September, requiring intensive use of manpower. Thus, a longer period for this activity is interesting from the point of view of scheduling activities and the use of family labor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and quality of grapes produced in different pruning times. The pruning was done every fortnight, from the 1st of April until September 15, 2012. Cabernet Sauvignon and Isabel varieties were used in two vineyards, located in the city of Farroupilha-RS. The main parameters evaluated were leafing and flowering, maturity, productivity indexes, babo degreee, pH and Titratable Acidity. Treatments (12 of pruning) were applied in composite plots of three plants, in a randomized block design with three replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared using the Tukey test at 5%. The results showed that early pruning during the months of April and May, may be used without compromising the yield and quality of grapes in relation to the normal pruning season (August and September). The early pruning season (June and July) causes an anticipation of budding and undermine the uniformity and percentage of shooting sticks. It was also observed that the early and late pruning induce a delayed sprouting with less risk of damage caused by spring frosts and a higher percentage of sprouting in the sticks with greater uniformity. It further helps to reduce the hiring of outside labor and, consequently, reduce costs, being held at a time of lower agricultural activity.

A vitivinicultura é uma atividade de grande importância econômica e social na Região da Serra Gaúcha, destacando-se na produção de vinhos, sucos e derivados. De acordo com a característica da produção vitícola da região, formada de pequenos produtores, com mão de obra familiar na grande maioria das propriedades rurais. As atividades de manejo cultural, que envolvem a utilização de mão de obra, são significativas e de grande importância, sendo necessária sua maximização para a redução de custos, sem comprometer a qualidade das uvas. Uma destas atividades é a poda seca, também chamada de poda de produção ou poda definitiva, que normalmente é realizada nos períodos de julho a setembro, sendo necessário um intenso uso de mão de obra. Assim, um maior período para a realização desta atividade é interessante do ponto de vista do escalonamento das atividades e para o aproveitamento da mão de obra familiar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção e a qualidade das uvas produzidas em diversas épocas de poda. A poda foi realizada a cada quinze dias, a partir do dia 1º de abril até 15 de setembro de 2012. Foram utilizadas as variedades Cabernet Sauvignon e Isabel, em dois vinhedos localizados no município de Farroupilha-RS. Os principais parâmetros avaliados foram: época de brotação, floração, maturação, índices de produtividade, grau glucométrio, pH e Acidez Titulável. Os tratamentos (12 épocas de poda) foram aplicados em parcelas experimentais compostas por três plantas, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (Anova) e comparação de médias utilizando o teste de Tukey a 5%. Os resultados mostraram que a poda antecipada realizada nos meses de abril e maio, pode ser utilizada sem comprometer a produção e qualidade das uvas em relação à época de poda normal (agosto e setembro). A época de poda precoce (junho e julho) provoca uma antecipação da brotação e prejudica a uniformização e o percentual de brotação das varas. Foi observado também que a poda antecipada e a tardia induzem uma brotação mais tardia, com menor risco de dano causado por geadas primaveris e um maior percentual de brotação nas varas com uma maior uniformidade. A poda antecipada contribui ainda para a redução na contratação da mão de obra externa e, consequentemente, na redução de custos, sendo realizada numa época de menor atividade agrícola. / Viticulture is an activity of great economic and social importance in the region of Serra Gaúcha, especially the production of wines, juices and derivatives. According to the characteristic of the wine production in the region, formed by small producers, with family labor in most farms. The activities of cultural practices that involve the use of manpower, are significant and of great importance for maximizing their cost reduction is required, without compromising the quality of the grapes. One of these activities is dry pruning, also called pruning production or final pruning, which is usually held during the periods from July to September, requiring intensive use of manpower. Thus, a longer period for this activity is interesting from the point of view of scheduling activities and the use of family labor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and quality of grapes produced in different pruning times. The pruning was done every fortnight, from the 1st of April until September 15, 2012. Cabernet Sauvignon and Isabel varieties were used in two vineyards, located in the city of Farroupilha-RS. The main parameters evaluated were leafing and flowering, maturity, productivity indexes, babo degreee, pH and Titratable Acidity. Treatments (12 of pruning) were applied in composite plots of three plants, in a randomized block design with three replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared using the Tukey test at 5%. The results showed that early pruning during the months of April and May, may be used without compromising the yield and quality of grapes in relation to the normal pruning season (August and September). The early pruning season (June and July) causes an anticipation of budding and undermine the uniformity and percentage of shooting sticks. It was also observed that the early and late pruning induce a delayed sprouting with less risk of damage caused by spring frosts and a higher percentage of sprouting in the sticks with greater uniformity. It further helps to reduce the hiring of outside labor and, consequently, reduce costs, being held at a time of lower agricultural activity.

Orientador: José Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Banca: Sergio Azevedo de Oliveira / Banca: Madson Cortes de Almeida / Resumo: Partes das interrupções no fornecimento de energia elétrica são causadas pelo contato das extremidades da vegetação com os elementos do sistema, prejudicando a confiabilidade e a qualidade dos sistemas de distribuição. Aumento nos custos com não fornecimento de energia elétrica e com manutenções corretivas são consequências da ausência de planos para realização da manutenção da vegetação. A necessidade de manter o fornecimento de energia elétrica e consequentemente o aumento da confiança do sistema de distribuição é o foco para modelos de programação centrados no aumento da confiabilidade a baixo custo.Neste trabalho é proposto um modelo matemático de programação binária dinâmica multiobjetivo para o problema de manutenção preventiva da vegetação sob um sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica. O modelo de otimização contempla a minimização de três objetivos: custos com energia não suprida devido às falhas relacionadas com a vegetação, custos com manutenções - poda ou remoções de árvores, e um indicativo de inconfiabilidade do sistema devido à continuidade do serviço baseado no índice FEC (Frequência Equivalente por Consumidor). A confiabilidade dos alimentadores é determinada através de modelos probabilísticos como um processo renovável, considerada no modelo matemático como um índice de inconfiabilidade devido à vegetação. A metodologia de solução proposta é o algoritmo multiobjetivo NSGA-II, implementado em linguagem de programação C++, obtendo-se um conjunto de soluções não dominadas, que tende a convergir para frente ótima de Pareto. Esta metodologia foi testada em um sistema de distribuição real composto por 25 alimentadores de uma cidade de médio porte. / Abstract: Parts of interruptions in electricity supply are caused by contact with the edges of the vegetation system elements, impairing the reliability and quality of distribution systems. Increased costs with no electricity supply and corrective maintenance are the consequences of the absence of plans for carrying out the maintenance of vegetation. The need to maintain the supply of electricity and consequently the increased confidence of the distribution system is the aim of programming models focused on increasing the system reliability at the low cost. This work propose a mathematical model of dynamic multi-objective binary programming problem for preventive maintenance of vegetation under a system of power distribution. The optimization model contemplates to minimize three objectives such as cost of unserved energy due to failures related to the vegetation, maintenance costs such as pruning or removal of trees, and an indication of system unreliability due to continuity of service based on FEC (Equivalent Frequency for Consumer). The reliability of the feeders is determined using probabilistic models as a renewable process, considered in the mathematical model as an unreliability index. The solution methodology is proposed a multi-objective algorithm NSGA-II implemented in the programming language C++, obtaining a set of non-dominated solutions among themselves, which tends to converge to Pareto optimal front. This methodology is tested on a real distribution system of a medium sized city. / Mestre