This thesis presents the potential of integrating chemical and biological treatment technologies for the removal of high concentrations of phenol in a bioremediation medium. High concentrations of phenol in wastewater are difficult to remove by purely biological methods. Chemical oxidation is one way to treat high concentrations of phenol but complete oxidation is not always possible or will make the treatment process uneconomical. An experimental design approach, based on central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to evaluate the effects of process parameters on phenol oxidation by Fentons reagent and chlorine dioxide. Performance of the chemical oxidation was evaluated by determining the percentage of phenol oxidized at equilibrium. The reaction mechanism for the oxidation of phenol by Fentons reagent was proposed based on identification of the intermediate compounds.<p> The effects of H₂O₂ concentration (2000 to 5000 mg L^-1) and FeSO₄.7H₂O concentration (500 to 2000 mg L^-1) were investigated on phenol oxidation and optimal concentrations of H₂O₂ and FeSO₄.7H₂O for complete oxidation of 2000 mg L^-1 phenol in medium were found to be 4340 mg L^-1 and 1616 mg L^-1, respectively, at 25°C and pH 3. The main oxidation products were identified as catechol, hydroquinone and maleic acid.<p> In the case of phenol oxidation by chlorine dioxide, the effects of chlorine dioxide concentration (500 to 2000 mg L^-1), temperature (10 to 40°C) and pH (3 to 7) on the oxidation of 2000 mg L^-1 of phenol were determined. The optimal concentration of chlorine dioxide to completely oxidize 2000 mg L^-1 of phenol was 2000 mg L^-1. The other parameters did not significantly affect the oxidation over the ranges studied. The main oxidation products were identified as 1,4-benzoquinone and 2-chloro-1,4-benzoquinone.<p> Finally, the biodegradation of 1,4-benzoquinone, the main oxidation product of phenol oxidation by chlorine dioxide, was studied in batch and continuous systems using Pseudomonas putida 17484 in two dose McKinneys medium. The effects of 1,4-benzoquinone concentration and temperature were studied on biodegradation of 1,4-benzoquinone in batch reactors. Under optimal conditions, it was found that 150 mg L^-1 1,4-benzoquinone could be successfully biodegraded at 15°C. In a continuous reactor operating at 15°C the highest removal rate with 500 mg L^-1 of 1,4-benzoquinone was found to be 246 mg L^-1 h^-1. The values of µmax, Ks and yield were also determined as 0.74±0.03 h^-1 and 14.17±3.21 mg L^-1 and 2x10¹³ cell mg^-1, respectively.

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2001--Berlin.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-05-04T14:05:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 884943 bytes, checksum: 6d04675a5504c3d18ce512015afd015c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T14:05:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 884943 bytes, checksum: 6d04675a5504c3d18ce512015afd015c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O Brasil é o principal produtor de feijão no mundo, com mais de três milhões de toneladas produzidas anualmente. Entretanto, esta produtividade poderia ser maior. Diversos fatores têm impedido que a produção do país aumente, entre eles, a ocorrência de doenças durante o ciclo da cultura tem papel central. Mais de duzentos patógenos já foram relatados ocorrendo em feijoeiro, embora apenas uma dúzia tenha sido relatada como importante. No Brasil, o crestamento bacteriano, a mancha angular, a ferrugem e a antracnose são as principais doenças da parte aérea da cultura, podendo reduzir a produção em até 70%. Atualmente, as medidas de controle adotadas têm sido relativamente eficientes devido à alta variabilidade dos patógenos no campo e pequeno número de genes de resistência disponíveis e o plantio das mesmas cultivares por ciclos sucessivos. Assim o controle biológico tem papel fundamental, quando inserido numa estratégia de manejo integrado de doenças. Dentre os organismos estudados para atuarem no biocontrole de doenças, as bactérias têm sido relatadas como capazes de inibir outros microrganismos por meio de mecanismos de antibiose, parasitismo, competição e indução de resistência. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos selecionar bactérias do filoplano de feijoeiro como agentes de biocontrole de doenças da parte aérea da cultura, baseado em estratégias de seleção conjuntas in vitro e in vivo, determinar que mecanismos de controle poderiam estar envolvidos, se os isolados obtidos estariam atuando como promotores de crescimento ou indutores de resistência e testar a efetividade dos isolados em campo, em diferentes cultivares e em idades diferentes da cultura, contra os patógenos desafiantes, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Erysiphe polygoni, Phaeoisariopsis griseola, Pseudomonas viridiflava, Uromyces appendiculatus e Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli. Dos 500 isolados obtidos, três foram mais promissores, quanto ao controle das doenças em casa de vegetação, reduzindo a severidade das doenças quando comparados ao tratamento com água, sendo dois identificados por sequenciamento do RNA16S como Bacillus cereus (UFV-75 e UFV-172) e o terceiro, por análise de ácidos graxos, como Pseudomonas putida (UFV-108). Nos ensaios de antibiose in vitro, verificou-se que a bactéria Bacillus cereus (UFV-75) foi capaz de inibir, seja a germinação de conídios ou o crescimento micelial de fungos ou o crescimento de bactérias, todos os patógenos testados. Demonstrou-se em ensaio in vitro que B. cereus (UFV-75) foi produtor de sideróforos, compostos voláteis, bacteriocinas e da enzima quitinase. As bactérias B. cereus (UFV-172) e P. putida (UFV-108) também produziram sideróforos, embora o isolado UFV-172 não tenha inibido o crescimento de nenhum dos patógenos in vitro. Nos ensaios de campo, UFV-75, UFV-108 e UFV-172, reduziram a severidade da mancha angular (P. griseola) e da ferrugem (U. appendiculatus). Nos ensaios de promoção de crescimento, o isolado UFV-74 (Pseudomonas putida) foi selecionado, por promover o aumento do tamanho das folhas e das plantas em casa de vegetação e também aumentar a produtividade no campo, quando pulverizado sobre as folhas ou via microbiolização de sementes. Nos testes com produtos comerciais, B. cereus (os dois isolados) e P. putida foram sensíveis apenas aos fungicidas Cupravit Azul Br e Manzat 800. Nos ensaios de amplitude de controle, onde se avaliou a eficiência de B. cereus (UFV-172 e UFV-75) e P. putida, em controlar: a) o crestamento bacteriano em plantas da cultivar Pérola com idades diferentes; b) a antracnose, o oídio, a mancha bacteriana e a mancha angular na cultivar Pérola e; c) em nove cultivares diferentes contra o crestamento bacteriano, todos os três isolados foram eficientes em controlar o crestamento bacteriano comum em plantas com idades até 60 dias após a emergência. Todos os isolados foram capazes de reduzir a severidade da antracnose, do oídio, da mancha bacteriana e da mancha angular, exceto nos ensaios de UFV-75 X oídio e todos os isolados foram eficientes em controlar o crestamento bacteriano, em todas as cultivares testadas, exceto nos ensaios de UFV-75 X ‘Vermelhinho’. Nos ensaios de sistemicidade, onde buscava-se determinar se B. cereus (UFV-172) poderia estar atuando como indutor de resistência sistêmica, o isolado inibiu os patógenos desafiantes X. a. pv. phaseoli e M. incognita, quando aplicado em região separada espacialmente da região que foram aplicados os patógenos, dando indícios de que o isolado pode estar agindo nas plantas de feijoeiro como indutor de resistência. Esse resultado é corroborado pelo ensaio de restrição de multiplicação de X. a. pv. phaseoli, quando o isolado foi aplicado quatro dias antes do patógeno e esse, quando infiltrado em folhas de feijoeiro, teve um desenvolvimento inferior ao de plantas não expostas ao isolado, sugerindo que mecanismos de sinalização que induzem a síntese de compostos que restringem o desenvolvimento dos patógenos são desencadeados nas plantas quando estas são expostas ao isolado e que esse sinal é sistêmico sendo translocado das folhas até as raízes. / Brazil is the most important bean producer in the world, producing around 3 million tons of grains per year. Nevertheless, the Brazilian productivity could be higher but several factors have been impeding increases in productivity such as the occurrence of multiple diseases during the plant life cycle. In this sense, more than two hundred pathogens are known to induce diseases in bean but only a few actually are important. Under Brazilian conditions, the bacterial blight, the angular leaf spot, the rust and the anthracnose are the most important bean phylloplane diseases and may account for losses up to 70% if environmental conditions favor disease occurrence. Nowadays, the majority of disease control procedures lack efficiency due to inefficiency of available recommended chemicals in the field, the high level of variability in pathogen populations as well as the few resistance genes detected and manipulated. Therefore, biological control assumes paramount importance when included in global procedures of disease integrated management. Among focused microorganisms as potential biocontrol agents, bacteria have been exhaustively investigated and it is well known that they can act either by direct antibiosis or by inducing systemic resistance. This work had as main objective the selection of prokaryotic phylloplane residents that might act as agents of biological control for bean aerial part diseases, from a universe of 500 isolates obtained from healthy bean phylloplane. In this sense, the strategy of combining “in vitro” as “in vivo” procedures for the massal screen, the investigation on the nature of control mechanisms involved, specific tests to determine whether the observed biocontrol could be attributed to direct antibiosis or to induced resistance, specific assays to verify whether selected antagonists might act as growth promoters, field tests to investigate whether selected isolates would act as biocontrol agents when delivered to distinct bean cultivars, to plants in different phenology stages and against multiple pathogens (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, Pseudomonas viridiflava, Uromyces appendiculatus, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Phaeoisariopsis griseola and Erysiphe polygoni) were studied. Out of the set of 500 isolates, three of them - UFV-75, UFV-172 (Bacillus cereus) and UFV-108 (Pseudomonas putida) – presented the best performance as biocontrol agents being able to reduce diseases severity up to 75% in greenhouse tests. In “in vitro” tests, isolate UFV-75 was able to inhibit growth of all pathogens as well as produce siderophores, volatile antimicrobial compounds, bacteriocins and chitinases. Isolates UFV-172 and UFV-108 also produced siderophores but the latter shown no “in vitro” activity against pathogens. In field trials, all three isolates showed efficiency for reducing severity of rust (U. appendiculatus) and angular leaf spot (P. griseola). In growth-promoting assays, an isolate distinct from the ones selected as biocontrol agents, namely UFV-74 (Pseudomonas putida), behaved as a good promoter, as detected by plant growth parameters evaluation like number of leaves, plant height and seed production, if delivered either by seed microbiolization or by spraying of propagules in the aerial part. Investigating the possibility of mixing the selected biocontrol agents and commercial products recommended in Brazil (registered pesticides, like fungicides, insecticides and herbicides) for the bean culture, it was found that all of them were sensitive only to the fungicides Cupravit Azul Br and Manzat 800. Using X. a. pv. phaseoli as challenging pathogen, it was found that all of them were able to low down disease severity but in the interaction isolate UFV-75 and “Vermelhinho” cultivar. All three selected isolates were able to promote the experimental biocontrol of bacterial blight under controlled conditions regardless plant age, up to 70 days after sowing. Using “Perola” as model cultivar, it was verified that protection brought about by the three isolates had character of multiplicity in the sense that this protection was effective against a broad range of pathogens like C. lindemuthianum, P. griseola P.viridiflava and Erysiphe polygoni. In protection sistemicity assays, the isolate UFV-172 provided protection against X. a. pv. phaseoli and Meloidogyne incognita even if delivered to locals remote from the site of inoculation. This constitutive sistemicity of protection indicates that isolate UFV-172 may promote biocontrol by inducing systemic resistance and the efficiency by which the antagonist restricted multiplication of a model pathogen (X. a. pv. phaseoli) in bean leaf tissue provided an additional evidence for that. / Tese importada do Alexandria

Several bacteria isolated from the broccoli rhizosphere were assayed to compare their ability to solubilize phosphate and release pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) into the surrounding media. Subsequently, their genomes were sequenced and analyzed for PQQ biosynthesis operon structure. PQQ biosynthesis genes pqqA-F were found in all isolates. The order of PQQ biosynthesis genes and predicted amino acid sequences were compared to each other and the host’s ability to solubilize phosphate and release PQQ. In all Pseudomonas species, two putative protease genes, pqqF, and pqqG, flanked the canonical pqqA-pqqE biosynthesis operon. No mechanistic studies have confirmed the function of pqqF and pqqG. Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a versatile model organism, representing environmental, agronomical, and industrial interests. Like the broccoli isolates, P. putida KT2440 biosynthesizes and releases PQQ into its surroundings. To better understand their functions within PQQ synthesis in P. putida KT2440, ∆pqqF, ∆pqqG, and ∆pqqF/∆pqqG strains of P. putida KT2440 were generated and the resulting phenotypes were studied.

Microorganisms are capable of producing advanced biofuels that can be used as ‘drop-in’ alternatives to conventional liquid fuels. However, vital physiological processes and membrane properties are often disrupted by the presence of biofuel and limit the production yields. In order to make microbial biofuels a competitive fuel source, finding mechanisms for improving resistance to the toxic effects of biofuel production is vital. This investigation aims to identify resistance mechanisms from microorganisms that have evolved to withstand hydrocarbon-rich environments, such as those that thrive near natural oil seeps and in oil-polluted waters. First, using genomic DNA from Marinobacter aquaeolei, we constructed a transgenic library that we expressed in Escherichia coli. We exposed cells to inhibitory levels of pinene, a monoterpene that can serve as a jet fuel precursor with chemical properties similar to existing tactical fuels. Using a sequential strategy of a fosmid library followed by a plasmid library, we were able to isolate a region of DNA from the M. aquaeolei genome that conferred pinene tolerance when expressed in E. coli. We determined that a single gene, yceI, was responsible for the tolerance improvements. Overexpression of this gene placed no additional burden on the host. We also tested tolerance to other monoterpenes and showed that yceI selectively improves tolerance. Additionally, we used genomic DNA from Pseudomonas putida KT2440, which has innate solvent-tolerance properties, to create transgenic libraries in an E. coli host. We exposed cells containing the library to pinene, selecting for genes that improved tolerance. Importantly, we found that expressing the sigma factor RpoD from P. putida greatly expanded the diversity of tolerance genes recovered. With low expression of rpoDP. putida, we isolated a single pinene tolerance gene; with increased expression of the sigma factor our selection experiments returned multiple distinct tolerance mechanisms, including some that have been previously documented and also new mechanisms. Interestingly, high levels of rpoDP. putida induction resulted in decreased diversity. We found that the tolerance levels provided by some genes are highly sensitive to the level of induction of rpoDP. putida, while others provide tolerance across a wide range of rpoDP. putida levels. This method for unlocking diversity in tolerance screening using heterologous sigma factor expression was applicable to both plasmid and fosmid-based transgenic libraries. These results suggest that by controlling the expression of appropriate heterologous sigma factors, we can greatly increase the searchable genomic space within transgenic libraries. This dissertation describes a method of effectively screening genomic DNA from multiple organisms for genes to mitigate biofuel stress and shows how tolerance genes can improve bacterial growth in the presence of toxic biofuel compounds. These identified genes can be targeted in future studies as candidates for use in biofuel production strains to increase biofuel yields.

A novel caffeine-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas putida CBB5 was isolated from the soil by an enrichment procedure using caffeine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. CBB5 grew not only on caffeine, theobromine, paraxanthine, and 7-methylxanthine as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, but also on theophylline and 3-methylxanthine. Analyses of metabolites in spent media, resting cell suspensions, and crude cell extracts confirmed that CBB5 degraded caffeine via N-demethylation to theobromine (major metabolite) and paraxanthine (minor metabolite). These dimethylxanthines were further N-demethylated to xanthine via 7-methylxanthine. A previously unreported pathway for N-demethylation of theophylline to 1- and 3-methylxanthines, followed by further N-demethylation to xanthine, was also discovered in CBB5. A 240 kDa, Fe2+-dependent N-demethylase (Ndm) was purified from CBB5 by traditional chromatographic techniques. Ndm was composed of NdmA (40 kDa) and NdmB (35 kDa), which could not be resolved further. Ndm was active only in the presence of a partially purified protein which exhibited cytochrome c reductase activity (Ccr). Ccr transfered reducing equivalents from NAD(P)H to Ndm, which catalyzed an oxygen-dependent N-demethylation of methylxanthines to xanthine, formaldehyde and water. Ndm displayed N-demethylation activity toward all substrates in the caffeine and theophylline metabolic pathways. Ndm was deduced to be a Rieske [2Fe-2S]-domain-containing non-heme iron oxygenase base on its distinct absorption spectrum and significant identity of NdmA and NdmB sequences of other Rieske non-heme iron proteins. The ndmA- and ndmB- gene sequences were determined and cloned individually into the pET32a expression vector as C-terminal His-tagged proteins. Both NdmA-His and NdmB-His proteins were purified using a Ni-NTA column. NdmA-His, in conjunction with Ccr, was capable of N-demethylating caffeine, theophylline, paraxanthine, and 1-methylxanthine to theobromine, 3-methylxanthine, 7-methylxanthine, and xanthine, respectively, suggesting that NdmA-His is a specific N-1-demethylase. Similarly, NdmB-His was determined to be a specific N-3-demethylase, as it was capable of N-demethylating caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, and 3-methylxanthine to paraxanthine, 1-methylxanthine, 7-methylxanthine, and xanthine, respectively. N-demethylation activity of 7-methylxanthine to xanthine (putative NdmC) co-eluted with the partially purified Ccr fraction. This is the first report of multiple, highly positional-specific, Rieske, non-heme iron N-demethylase enzymes for bacterial metabolism of purine alkaloids.

A 17.1 Kb genetic element encoding for mercury resistance (OCT-Hg^r) was shown to translocate from its original location on the OCT plasmid to the resistance plasmid, RPl, in Pseudomonas putida. Analysis of RPl-Hg^r recombinant plasmids revealed that insertion of mercury resistance genes into RPl could occur at a variety of sites, with all recombinants having common EcoRI restriction fragments of 9.4, 3.8, 2.3, and 1.6 Kb, derived from the insertion. Hybridization analysis suggested the existence of extensive homology between this insertion and the prototypic mercury resistance transposon, Tn501, as well as the location of a similar merA sequence. Although the overall size was shown to be quite different from Tn501, striking physical similarities are shared between these two elements.

Translocation of a 17.1 kilobase region of the OCT plasmid encoding mercury resistance (mer) in Pseudomonas putida was shown to occur in a recombination-deficient host with plasmid PP1 serving as a recipient replicon. The frequency of transposition in Pseudomonas was estimated at 10^3 -10 -^2, but undetectable in Escherichia soli. ' DNA comprising all of mr as well as subregions there of were cloned and subjected to DNA sequence analysis. Like other transposons, mer was found to contain inverted repeat sequences at its termini. These were similar to, but not identical to the inverted repeat structures found in the prototypical mercury resistance transposon Tn501 from E. aeruginosa.

No description available.

O aumento na produção de carne bovina aumentou a concentração e volume dos resíduos líquidos produzidos durante seu beneficiamento, conhecidos como água residuária de matadouros (ARMV). Isso vem estimulando o desenvolvimento de processos que operem em alta carga com alta eficiência para seu tratamento. Visto o exposto, objetivou-se avaliar um sistema de tratamento para a ARMV operando em condições anaeróbia/aeróbia/anóxica de forma conjugada visando a remoção de matéria orgânica, nutrientes e toxidade. As unidades que compunham o sistema estudado eram três reatores com biofilme denominados: Reator Anaeróbio Híbrido (RAH), Reator Aeróbio de Leito Móvel (MBBR) e Reator Anóxico com Biofilme (RAB). A ARMV in natura era coletada em um frigorífico e matadouro bovino do vale do Paraíba e caracterizada em termos físicos, químicos e toxicológicos a nível agudo e crônico. O experimento durou aproximadamente 370 dias, operando sob variações de carga orgânica. A coleta ao longo do sistema foi feita semanalmente e as amostras caracterizadas em termos físico-químicos e toxicológicos tanto a nível agudo quanto crônico. Nos reatores RAH, MBBR e RAB foram realizadas testes hidrodinâmicos em condições abiótico e biótico, respectivamente. Com os dados obtidos nas três fases estudadas foram levantados os parâmetros cinéticos de crescimento da biomassa dispersa, além da caracterização microbiológica da mesma e do biofilme. Os resultados obtidos com base na caracterização físico-química e toxicológica da ARMV, in natura, revelaram altas concentrações em toda série de sólidos, de ácidos voláteis totais, alcalinidades, macro e micronutrientes, matéria orgânica em termos de DBO520°C e DQO nas formas total, solúvel e particulada e também de COD. Apresentou-se como um efluente extremamente tóxico a nível agudo para os organismos, bactérias P. putida e E. coli e microcrustaceo D. similis, e extremamente tóxico a nível crônico para os organismos, microcrustaceios C. silvestri e C. dúbia, bactérias E. coli e P putida e alga P. subcaptata. Com base nos testes toxicológicos, concluiu-se que os microcrustaceos e algas foram mais sensíveis as toxinas da ARM testada que as bactérias. O reator RAH operando sob choques orgânicos demonstrou ótimo desempenho operacional. As cargas orgânicas (COV) aplicadas ao RAH foram 608,9; 3.030,4 e 9.581,5 mg L-1 d-1 em termos de DQO para as fases I, II e III, estatisticamente diferente entre si. Apresentando para as três fases eficiências estatisticamente iguais. O reator MBBR operando sob choques orgânicos demonstrou ótimo desempenho operacional. As cargas orgânicas (COV) aplicadas ao MBBR foram 286,5; 2085,2 e 3889,6 mg L-1 d-1 em termos de DQO para as fases I, II e III, estatisticamente diferente entre si. Apresentando para as fases I, II e III eficiências de 76,9%; 60% e 81%, respectivamente, e estatisticamente iguais. Conclui-se com a pesquisa realizada que os reatores RAH e MBBR foram capazes de absorver choques orgânicos e hidráulicos submetidos a biomassa mantendo-se em altos valores de eficiência. O reator MBBR também apresentou bom desempenho no processo de nitrificação com eficiências de 61,2%; 68,1%; 50,7% para as fases I, II e III, respectivamente. A concentração média de OD de 3 mg L-1 mantida no MBBR apresentou-se acima do suficiente. O reator RAB operando sob choques orgânicos demonstrou ótimo desempenho operacional. As cargas orgânicas (COV) aplicadas ao RAB foram 194,9; 1769,1 e 2230,6 mg L-1 d-1 em termos de DQO para as fases I, II e III, estatisticamente diferente entre si. As fases I, II e III apresentaram eficiências de 70,7%; 46,4% e 69,8%, respectivamente, e estatisticamente, iguais entre as fases I e III. Em termos de toxidade, os parâmetros estudados nas fases I e II, mostraram-se ideais para remoção de toxidade, sendo que no final de ambas a ARM tratada apresentou-se livre de toxidade a nível agudo e crônico. Os reatores RAH, MBBR e RAB demonstraram ótimo desempenho hidrodinâmico e cinético. Concluiu-se que o sistema anaeróbio/aeróbio/anóxico estudado foi eficiente no tratamento da ARMV, aliando condições de fácil monitoramento, rapidez no processo e ótimo desempenho. / Development in bovine meat production has increased volume and concentration of liquid residues produced during their improvement, known as slaughterhouses wastewaters (SW). This fact has been stimulating the develpment of processes operating in highly charge and efficience for their treatment. As seen, we focused to develop a treatment system for the SW operating in a anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic condition in a conjugated form, aiming the remotion of organic matter, nutrients and toxicity. The units evolving the studied system were three biofilms reators named: Anaerobic Hibrid Reactor (AHR), Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBR), and Anoxic Biofilm Reactor (AnBR). The SW in natura was collected in the slaughterhouse of the Paraíba Valley, and were characterized in physical, chemical and toxically in a highly sharp and cronically levels. The experiment has lasted for 370 days, operating under organic load rate (OLR). The withdraws along the system were done weekly and the samples were characterized in physical-chemical and toxicological terms and in both sharp and cronical ways. Hidrodinamic tests were realized in reactors AHR, MBBR and AnBR in abiotic and biotic condictions, repectivelly. With the data obtained in the three studied phases, knetics parameters were collected for the dispersal biomass, besides its biofilm and biomass characterization. The results, based on SW physico - chemical and toxicological characterization, showed high concentrations in all solids series, in total volatic acids, alcalinity, macro and micro nutrients, organic matter in terms of BOD520°C and COD in their solute and particulate forms and also in DOC. It was presented as highly toxix effluent in a sharp level for organisms, bacteria P. putida ans E. coli, and D. similis microcrustacean. And extremely toxic to organisms chronic C. silvestri and C. dúbia microceustacean and P. subcaptata algae. According with toxicological tests it was concluded that the microcrustaceos and a algae were more sensitive to the SSW toxines than bacteria. The AHR reator operating under organic shocks showed excelent operational development. The OLR applied to the AHR were 608.9; 3,030.4 and 9,581.5 mg L-1 d-1 in terms of COD for the phases I, II, III, statiscally different among it, showing for the three phases scores of 76,9%; 60% and 81%, respectivelly, and the same, statistically speaking. We may conclude with this research that the AHR and AMBR reators were capable to absorb hidraulic and organic shocks submitted to biomass keeping high levels of efficiency. The MBBR reator has shown also a good performance in nitrification process, scoring 61.2%; 68.1%; 50.7% in effectiveness for phases I, II and III, respectively. The average DO concentration of 3 mg L-1 maintained in MBBR showed over sufficience. The AnBR reator under organic shocks showed highly operational performance. The OLR applied to AnBR were 194.9; 1,769.1 e 2,230.6 mg L-1 d-1 in terms of COD for the phases I, II, III statistically different among them. The phases I, II, III presented efficiences of 70.7%; 46.4% and 69.8%, respectively, and statiscally the same between phases I and III. In terms of toxicity, the studied parameters in phases I and II showed to be ideal to remove the toxicity from both sharp and chronical levels. The reators AHR, MBBR and AnBR showed excelent hidraulic and kinetic performances. We may conclude that the studied anaerobic/aerobic/ anoxic system was efficient in the treatment of SW, joining, easy feasible conditions, velocity in processing and high performance.