Summary Introduction: Lithuania, as well as other post-communist countries, has inherited the soviet system of mental health care, which was oriented towards long-term in-patient (residential) treatment, exclusion from public and negation of mental illnesses as a problem. Though Lithuania has made huge progress in humanisation and restructuring of mental health services - mainly thanks to mental health professionals employed in this area - there still is a mountain of soviet-inherited problems without settlement of which no further progress is possible. Without changing the image of mental health care institutions first, it is impossible to expect any changes in the public attitude, stigmatisation of patients and social exclusion, either. Objective of the work: To assess the structure of Lithuanian in-patient (residential) mental health care and trends of restructuring thereof. Tasks: 4.To analyse the existing arrangement, structure, scope of activities and related changes of Lithuanian in-patient (residential) mental health care institutions. 5.To assess the attitude of psychiatrists towards structural changes in in-patient (residential) mental health care. 6.To submit recommendations as to the restructuring of in-patient (residential) mental health care in Lithuania. Methodology: 3.Analysis of documentation, information publications and data of in-patient (residential) mental health care institutions. 4.Questionnaire interview of psychiatrists in outpatient and in-patient... [to full text]