Thèse d'exercice : Pharmacie : Université de Nantes : 2003. / Bibliogr. f. 127-131.

The goal of this work was to determine the contents of two main alkaloid types of Psilocybe species occurring in the Czech Republic. Correct identification of species was checked by mycology specialist. Qualitative and quantitative determination of substances contained in three collected species of the genus Psilocybe was carried out by LC-MSn (LIT). Samples were mainly collected in the north and northeast Bohemia. Three species of Psilocybe were found. The most found species were P. serbica var. bohemica then P. semilanceata and only one deposit of P. serbica var. arcana. Total of 35 deposits within eighteen locations. From qualitative point of view, the two main alkaloids were confirmed in all samples. Quantitative results for content of psilocin and psilocybin (in this order) are: P. bohemica 0,005 - 0,152 %, 0,000 - 0,048 %; P. semilanceata 0,087 - 0,337 %, 0,000 - 0,005 %; P. arcana 0,018 - 0,031 %, 0,003 - 0,022 %. Results in all locations are similar and rather dependent on the fungi type. Our results are based on dry mass. This work brought fundamental knowledge for future optimisation of analytical methods and assumptions for the project extension of other locations and determination of content of minority substances alongside the content of majority substances.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T22:58:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3880_1.pdf: 2928036 bytes, checksum: e0de6bb0ff4540c47eef3d859e02281a (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Os cogumelos do gênero Psilocybe são utilizados por culturas tradicionais indígenas há milênios em rituais mágicos devido aos seus efeitos psicoativos e, seu uso ainda perdura entre os descendentes, principalmente na América Central; na América do Sul a utilização tradicional mais recente desses cogumelos data de 300 anos a.C. No Brasil é registrada a ocorrência de diversas espécies desses cogumelos capazes de produzir os compostos secundários psilocina e psilocibina, potentes psicoativos em pequenas quantidades. Embora não haja registros do uso tradicional de cogumelos em nosso país, sua utilização nãoritualística ou recreacional é compartilhada por uma grande teia de usuários de diversas localidades, passando despercebido pelos censos epidemiológicos, sendo a prática de uso da espécie Psilocybe cubensis observada em Recife-Pernambuco. A ingestão de pequenas quantidades desses cogumelos proporciona uma experiência psicodélico-mística, onde diversas funções mentais encontram-se alteradas e emergentes, percepção visual (de olhos abertos), sonora, tato, linguagem, imaginação criativa (percepção visual de olhos fechados), lógica, etc. O presente estudo visou explorar experimentalmente aspectos básicos da percepção visual e a percepção subjetiva de duração do tempo através de tarefas simples e objetivas. Os aspectos gerais da experiência foram acessados através de testes psicométricos em voluntários humanos saudáveis que já haviam ou não feito o uso de substâncias psicodélicas. Vinte e oito pessoas participaram do estudo mediante a aceitação do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. A pesquisa foi conduzida em ambiente não-laboratorial e no formato grupo-pesquisador. A percepção visual motora dos participantes não apresentou diferenças significativas quando comparados o estado comum com o ampliado de consciência e quando comparados com o grupo controle. Entretanto, observou-se um déficit significativo da memória de trabalho visual dos participantes após consumo dos cogumelos. Os participantes, sob o efeito dos cogumelos, apresentaram diferenças significativas da percepção subjetiva do tempo em relação aos pré-testes. O tempo subjetivo se tornara mais lento, dessa forma houve uma tendência ao atraso na contagem correta dos segundos. Os resultados são discutidos em termos qualitativos do funcionamento da cognição perceptiva entre os estados comum e ampliado de consciência e quanto às características psicotomimética e psicodélica da substância

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Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of pharmaceutical botany and ecology Candidate: Bc. Andrea Gunčagová Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Luděk Jahodář, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: The analysis of Psilocybe constituents II. The aim of this thesis was to analyse Psilocybe constituents, to plot the places of occurence of chosen Psilocybe brands and also to determinate their water content. The thesis deals with 22 samples that originate in 10 habitats in Slovakia and Moravian- Silesian region. Accuracy of brand specification was supervised by a member of mycological society. Psilocybe serbica var. bohemica was identified in 2, whereas Psilocybe semilanceata in 8 habitats. The average content of H20 in samples was 87,07 % ± 10,91 %. All of the samples were analysed by LC-MS/MS (LIT) method. The qualitative analysis of determinated substances showed the presence of psilocine (PSC) and psilocybine (PSB) in all samples. The results of quantitative analysis (expressed in percentage of dry matter) are similar in particular habitats, but there is a significant difference between two specific brands of Psilocybe mushrooms. The content of determinated alkaloids in P. bohemica was: PSC 0,001-0,011 % a PSB 0,01-0,07%. P. semilanceata contained 0,0005 - 0,011 % PSC a 0,074 - 0,763% PSB....

In recent taxonomic works albinism is not generally recognized as being present in the Agaricales. This study was made to find how albinism was inherited in Psilocybe mutans McKnight. Cultures of P. mutans were incubated in a constant temperature room at 20-22°C. With artificial lighting at 150 foot candles for 16 hours per day and on a laboratory bench at a comparable temperature with diffuse natural light of a lesser intensity. Numerous fruit-bodies were obtained from cultures which grew on substrates containing hot water extracts of rabbit fecal pellets and from cultures grown on substates containing no fecal extracts. In the mating test cultures which did not fruit were examined for clamp connections in the contact zone, Clamp connections were found in two of the crosses. This was taken as evidednce that these crosses were made with common B heterokeryons. In the above mating test fruit-bodies were produced only on the mycelial mats growing only from one of the strains. Three of the cultures were examined for the distribution of clamp connections and it was found that the clamp connections were associated only with the fruiting mycelial mat. This was taken as evidence of unilateral dikaryotisation.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-30T15:58:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PATRÍCIA MARINHO SAMPAIO ABREU - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEQ 2014..pdf: 1386986 bytes, checksum: 53c5cb13c63d39fea994a27eb67bd701 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-30T15:58:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PATRÍCIA MARINHO SAMPAIO ABREU - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEQ 2014..pdf: 1386986 bytes, checksum: 53c5cb13c63d39fea994a27eb67bd701 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-08 / Capes / Este trabalho teve por objetivo produzir as enzimas lacase e endoglicanase (CMCase) por meio da fermentação em estado sólido (FES) utilizando resíduos agroindustriais sob ação do fungo Psilocybe castanella CCIBt 2781. O fungo foi previamente crescido em MEA 2% e inoculado em substratos a base de palha de milho verde suplementado com cana-de-açúcar e bagaço de coco verde suplementado com farinha de soja nas proporções adequadas para se obter C/N 90, mediadores óleo vegetal (1 mL), Tween 80 (0,1 mL), RBBR 2% (1 mL) e 70% de umidade a 28ºC, por 60 dias. A extração enzimática foi feita em tampão acetato de sódio, pH 4,8. A atividade de lacase foi determinada pela oxidação do ABTS, e a atividade de endoglicanase determinada por meio da dosagem dos açúcares redutores produzidos na degradação enzimática da carboximetilcelulose (CMC). Obteve-se a produção de lacase pelo fungo Psilocybe castanella CCIBt 2781 sob as diferentes condições de cultivo. Uma maior produtividade foi alcançada quando o meio foi suplementado com soja. O pico de atividade de lacase ocorreu em torno do 30º dia de fermentação (113,12 U/L), contendo coco como fonte de carbono, suplementado com soja como fonte de nitrogênio, sob ação de todos os mediadores. Para o substrato a base de milho e cana, os maiores valores de atividade, foi de 98,25 U/L em 60 dias, para o mesmo tratamento. A maximização da produção de endoglicanase (0,29 U/g) ocorreu apenas para o substrato a base de milho e cana, em 45 dias, sob a influência do corante têxtil RBBR. Esses resultados mostram que a bioconversão desses resíduos sob fermentação em estado sólido (FES) é uma forma viável de obtenção das enzimas lignocelulolíticas e possuem aplicabilidade na área biotecnológica. Os dados obtidos neste estudo permitiram também evidenciar a capacidade de P. castanella CCIBt 2781de degradar o corante Azul Brilhante Remazol R em meio de cultura utilizado, durante o intervalo de tempo de 45 dias, havendo total descoloração do corante após esse período. / This study aimed to produce the enzymes laccase and endoglucanase (CMCase) by solid state fermentation (SSF) using agro-industrial residues by the action of the fungus Psilocybe castanella CCIBt 2781. Fungus was previously grown on 2% MEA substrates and inoculated into the background of green maize straw supplemented with sugar cane bagasse and coconut supplemented with soybean meal in the proper proportions to obtain C/N 90, mediators vegetable oil (1 ml), Tween 80 (0,1 mL), RBBR 2% (1 mL) and 70% humidity at 28°C for 60 days. The enzyme extraction was performed in sodium acetate buffer, pH 4,8. The laccase activity was determined by oxidation of ABTS, and the activity of endoglucanase determined by dosage of the reducing sugars produced in the enzymatic degradation of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Obtained the production of laccase by the fungus Psilocybe castanella CCIBt 2781 under different culture conditions. A higher yield was achieved when the medium was supplemented with soy. The peak activity of laccase occurred around the 30th day of fermentation (113,12 U/L), containing coconut oil as carbon source, supplemented with soy as nitrogen source, under the action of all mediators. For the substrate from corn and sugarcane, the highest values of activity was 98,25 U/L in 60 days for the same treatment. Maximising production of endoglucanase (0,29 U/g) was observed only for the substrate from corn and sugar cane, in 45 days, under the influence of textile dye RBBR. These results show that the bioconversion of these wastes in solid state fermentation (SSF) is a feasible way of obtaining lignocellulolytic enzymes form and have applicability in biotechnology field. The results of this study also allowed to show the ability of P. castanella CCIBt 2781de degrade Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye in used culture medium during the time interval of 45 days, resulting in complete decolorization after this period.

Fostering collaboration among people of diverse ethnicities is vital to improving our relationships with Nature and with each other. All knowledges known to humans have their limits, including Western scientific knowledge. This study argues that Indigenous elders have a wealth of nature-based wisdom which is urgently needed. The Thirteen International Indigenous Grandmothers have been sharing their wisdom with the world and meeting them inspired this work. Two Grandmothers, one Mazatec and member of the Thirteen Grandmothers who follows in the healing tradition of curandera María Sabina, the other Taíno (Caribbean Arawak), and several members of their families in Mexico and in Cuba kindly agreed to be research participants so that I could bring attention to their gifts and share with the world. Embodying their ancient wisdom they do not see themselves as separate from Nature but as integral part of her. Their relationships to all beings, humans, animals, plants, minerals, and spiritual entities, are imbued with love and care. They can be role models for people who have forgotten the most basic premise of respect, reciprocity, responsibility, and empathy for all our relations. The methodologies underlying this investigation are Indigenous. I used strategies of inquiry such as storytelling, participant observation, and reflexive self study. Relationality and accountability are its pillars. Being of European descent, doing research with Indigenous elders required great vigilance on my part. I had to challenge my own conventional Western views and question the truths I am surrounded with to gain an understanding of my research participants’ worldview. Even with the best of intentions all I could hope for was an approximation. As I immersed myself into the worlds of my participants the great significance of plants as part of their physical, emotional, and spiritual wellbeing became evident. Maize, tobacco, and the plant teachers cohoba and psilocybe mushrooms were, and for the most part still are, essential and closely knit into their cultural fabric. Coming from a background where the written word is placed high above the spoken one, and Nature is seen as separate to us, it is important to acknowledge that much rich understanding of the world is beyond pen and paper, even beyond words. / Graduate / 0727 / gabriela@uvic.ca