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This person-centered analytic approach identifies homogeneous offender subtypes in terms of psychopathic trait profiles and facilitates examination of correlates that may be linked with specific subtypes. Prosody is an external correlate that contains a wealth of information relevant to disruptions in cognition and affect and may offer novel insight into different psychopathic subtypes. The current study examined prosodic output in a male offender sample (n = 469) within the context of the clinical Psychopathy Checklist – Revised interview (PCL-R; Hare, 2003). Audio recorded speech samples were drawn from offender responses to affectively-charged PCL-R interview questions representing differing levels of valence and arousal. Generally consistent with previous literature, LPA results indicated that a four-class solution yielded the best model fit for the allocation of individual cases to subtypes with high overall classification accuracy (85%). Results of external validation analyses using mixed effects multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant two- and three-way interactions (psychopathy subtype x valence x arousal) for both speech production and variability indices that helped differentiate the subtypes. Overall, the current study suggests that meaningful differences exist in terms of prosodic output within psychopathic offender subtypes, which may be related to dysfunction in underlying affective processes. Implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed.

<p>Psychological trauma can literally disrupt life&rsquo;s flow by damaging brain and bodily systems. When a flashback to a traumatic event is triggered in a person suffering from traumatic stress, or PTSD, key functions in the brain malfunction and are deactivated, potentially causing massive disassociation. In addition, trauma can cause chronic hyperarousal, resulting from the body&rsquo;s malfunctioning autonomic nervous system&rsquo;s defensive response of fight, flight, or freeze. To cope with these damaged bodily and brain systems and processes detrimental acts of hyperfocus and numbing are often employed by sufferers of trauma. However these obstructions can be cleared though movement practices: top-down and bottom-up regulation methods, innately embedded in certain movement and dance disciplines such as yoga and creative dance, have shown to aide in trauma recovery. This opens the possibility that a dance/movement instructor, using trauma-conscious curriculum and facilitation techniques, can use their highly structured movement practices to engage with top-down and bottom up regulation practices to not only instruct students suffering from trauma, but offer opportunities to engage in treatment. </p>

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Nine psychological techniques used in the rehabilitation of injured athletes were assessed. Fifteen athletic trainers and 68 athletes were asked to rate how valuable each technique was, how skillful the trainer was in using each technique, and how often each technique was used in treatment. A 3 x 11 x 2 (question type x technique x subject type) MANOVA revealed significant main effects for question type F(2,134) = 26.71, p .001 and technique F(10,670) = 15.56, p .001, but not for subject type F(1,67) = 1.81, p =.183. Techniques were more highly valued and trainers were more skilled in employing them than they were used (p .05 for both). Techniques most valued were communicating openly, goal setting, monitoring self talk, emotional counseling, crisis counseling, pain management and relaxation techniques; least valued were breathing techniques and imagery. These findings support the position that psychological interventions are an important part of the rehabilitation of injured athletes.

This investigation examined the influence of cognitive-linguistic processing demands on speech breathing. Twenty women were studied during performance of two speaking activities designed to differ in cognitive-linguistic planning requirements. Speech breathing was monitored with respiratory magnetometers from which recordings were made of anteroposterior diameter changes of the rib cage and abdomen. Results indicated that speech breathing was highly similar across speaking conditions, with the exception that the average lung volume expended per syllable was greater during performance of the more demanding speaking activity. Further analyses suggested that greater lung volume expenditures were associated with longer expiratory pause times. In conclusion, it appears that general speech breathing performance is essentially unaffected by variations in cognitive-linguistic demands, however, certain fluency-related breathing behaviors are highly sensitive to such demands.

Since there is a sharp increase in the number of women approaching menopause, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of family life changes and physiological/psychological stresses pertaining to menopause upon the coping, stress, perceived sexual satisfaction, and life satisfaction of menopausal women. Since recent research has indicated the beneficial effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the functioning of menopausal women, similarities and differences between women using HRT and women not using HRT were examined. / A survey research design was employed which utilized a national random sample of women (n = 346) between the ages of 45 and 60 who were members of an association of college educated women. The subsample used for this study was comprised of only perimenopausal and postmenopausal women (n = 283) who indicated whether or not they were using HRT. Research instruments included the Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes, Hunter Menopause Questionnaire, Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales, Index of Sexual Satisfaction, and Generalized Contentment Scale. / No significant differences were found between women using and not using HRT for the variables, family life changes, menopausal symptomatology, coping, stress, sexual satisfaction, and life satisfaction. A path analysis procedure was utilized on restricted and saturated models to determine the underlying relationships among the variables. In the restricted model, the greatest total effect on quality of life was stress for women using HRT and coping for women not using HRT. In the saturated model, menopausal symptomatology exhibited the greatest total effects on quality of life for both groups of women. In further analyses which utilized the total sample, respondents were categorized according to menstrual status: pre, peri, or postmenopausal. Differences were found among the three groups of women. Analyses indicated that overall level of stress and menopausal symptomatology was greatest for perimenopausal women. Menopausal symptomatology was found to be the major factor influencing life satisfaction for all three groups of women. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-04, Section: B, page: 1928. / Major Professor: Carol Anderson Darling. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1993.