Thesis (Ph. D.)--Johns Hopkins University, 1928. / Published also as Genetic psychology monographs, vol. 7, no. 1. Vita. Bibliography: p. 77.

Thesis--University of Oslo. / Bibliography: p. [58]

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Possibly the most informative work in the field of self-stimulation has been that documenting the relationship between self-stimulation and conditions of biological deprivation. Some food-deprived animals (Hoebel & Teitelbaum, 1962; Brady, Baren, Conrad, & Sidman, 1958; Olds, 1958) and water deprived-animals (Brady, et. al. 1958: Brady, 1962) have been shown to press for electrical stimulation at a higher rate than under normal conditions, apparently to an extent that is related to the location of the electrode tip (Olds, 1962). [...]

Following anesthesia by intraperitoneal injection of Nembutal (60 mg. per ml.; 0.1 cc. per 100 g. body weight) and a 0.1 cc. subcutaneous injection of Atropine Sulphate (0.6 mg. per ml.) to counteract respiratory congestion, the animal's neck and chest areas were shaved, and he was placed on his back under a binocular dissecting microscope. [...]

Several lines of evidence suggest that the hippocampus is a part of the neural mechanism regulating self-stimulation behavior. Self-stimulation areas in the hypothalamus and septum have reciprocal connections with the hippocampus, in particular via the fornix system (Nauta, 1956). [...]

There are a number of studies in the literature which indicate that stimulation in infancy can affect activity, emotionality" and learning in the adult rat (Levine, 1962). The effects are highly dependent upon small differences in treatment (Brookshire, et al, 1961), and not all the studies are in agreement, but there are enough positive results to indicate that the phenomenon is a genuine one. [...]

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The clinical literature on the intellectual effects of human brain damage reveals a constant preoccupation with the problem of the role of the frontal lobes, with a corresponding neglect of other parts of the cerebral cortex. In particular there is not a single systematic investigation of the effects of temporal-lobe damage in man, althrough there are several isolated and highly suggestive reports of individual cases. Fortunately the situation is quite different with regard to animal work, where the last few years have yielded numerous reports dealing with the effects of temporal-lobe lesions of varying extent on the learning ability of lower primates. This material is highly relevant to the present investigation, since it draws attention to types of deficit which might well be found at the human level also, but which have been neglected; for this reason the animal data will be presented in some detail, before passing to a review of the clinical literature. Since the present study deals only with cognitive functions, there will be no detailed discussion of the emotional changes often seen in temporal-lobe damage. In the monkey, a decrease in emotional reactivity regularly follows deep-temporal removals (Brown and Schafer, 1888; Kluver and Bucy, 1938; Bard, 1950; Thomson and Walker, 1951; Mishkin, 1951; Poirier, 1952); in man, electrographic abnormality in the anterior temporal region frequently gives rise to personality disturbances (Bailey and Gibbs, 1949) [...]

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