In the past, Black people had little access to psychological services in their communities. Historically, Black people were not allowed free access to psychological training in South Africa. After the new dispensation of 1994, however, the establishment of affirmative action policies changed the face of professional psychology training programs in South Africa. The number of Black people accepted into training programs has increased as a result of these policies. The need to understand how Black supervisees experience psychotherapy supervision with a White supervisor is therefore of critical importance, given the prevalence of White supervisors’. It is apparent that there have been few studies done in South Africa dealing directly with the issue of racial dynamics within psychotherapy supervision. This study was aimed at exploring how Black psychodynamic psychotherapy supervisees experience psychotherapy supervision with White supervisors, and how this racial difference is perceived to influence the supervisory relationship. In order to explore these aims, a qualitative approach, thematic content analysis was adopted to encourage the participants to voice their opinions. The results of this study indicate that Black supervisees often experience themselves as passive and inferior in relation to their White supervisors. This study also indicates that the issue of racial difference needs to be discussed openly by White supervisors and Black supervisees. In addition, the study suggests that Black supervisees may need their White supervisors to take an active interest in attempting to understand the values and beliefs associated with their racial background.

No description available.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

In this short report I shall first discuss the history of" brief dynamic psychotherapy. I will then compare short term and long term dynamic psychotherapy: What are their aims; can short dynamic therapy bring about lasting structural changes in the personality; and the impact of short term therapy on the therapeutic relationship. I will look into the concepts of enthusiasm and expectation of the therapist as they apply to short term therapy. Other factors important to short term psychotherapy are selection of patients, technique and matching the patient to a particular technique. I shall also deal with the concept of interpretation, transference and keeping to a consistent focus throughout therapy. The length and termination of brief therapy, the concept of time, and the activity of the therapist as opposed to the passivity of psychoanalysis, are other essential features of short-term therapy. I shall compare the results of brief behavioural therapy with brief analytical therapy and finally mention the implications of one-session analytical psycho

No description available.

This study examines the relative efficacies of the specific and non-specific factors in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is conceptualized as having three common components: the problem component whose essence is low self-esteem; the interactional component which induces change through social influence; and the treatment component which elicits change through therapeutic techniques. The relative efficacy of each of these two change components - influence (nonspecific factor) and therapeutic techniques (specific factor) - is the central issue of the study. Four groups, each of 20 subjects, were matched according to their low levels of self-esteem. Each group was administered a different treatment in three, one-hour sessions over a period of two weeks, designed to enhance self-esteem. The four treatments involved: 1. An emphasis on techniques - cognitive behavior - with social influence minimized through pre-session inductions; 2. An emphasis on social influence with no "usual" therapeutic techniques other than talk; 3. An emphasis on both therapeutic techniques - cognitive- behavior and social influence maximized through pre-session inductions; and 4. A no-treatment control group. Social influence induction scales indicated that pre-session inductions successfully maximized and minimized conditions of influence. Post-treatment interview measures indicated that the "full-therapy" - with both techniques and influence maximized -was most effective. However, the therapies with maximized social influence obtained significantly h1gher degrees of acceptance of their therapy, and elicited significantly greater enhancement of self-esteem, than did either the maximized technique, minimized influence therapy, or the no-treatment, control group. The therapy with minimized social influence showed no significant difference in its levels of acceptance, or in its enhancement of self-esteem, from the control group. These findings are interpreted to support the interactional view of psychotherapy; seeing therapeutic change as an influence process, and the therapeutic techniques as a means of further maximizing that influence. A case is made for a re-emphasis in psychotherapy on the interactional dynamics from a social psychological viewpoint. / Graduation date: 1982

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 2000. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-175).

This research investigated the relationship between therapist interpretations and optimal in-session client processes by employing two distinct but complementary studies. In the first study, the data were collected from 20 psychotherapy sessions conducted by exemplary psychotherapists of three different theoretical orientations: Client-Centered Therapy (CCT), Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), and Gestalt/Existential Therapy (GT). The results of the quantitative analysis indicated that interpretations were used with equal frequency across therapeutic approaches. Therapist interpretations were neither superior nor inferior to other interventions in relation to the occurrence of optimal in-session client processes. In the second study, the data were collected from 12 sessions equally divided between CCT, REBT, and GT. A qualitative method was employed to discover potential differences between interpretations in the three distinct therapeutic approaches as well as the differences between client processes subsequent to those interpretations. By allowing conceptual categories to emerge from this qualitatively analyzed data, it was found that interpretation was not a uniform construct across the three schools. Both common and unique features of the use of interpretations in CCT, REBT, and GT were found. The three approaches each had their own specific pattern of interpretation content as well as style of delivering the interpretations. Interpretations that were followed by optimal in-session processes were qualitatively different from those that were not. The results of these two studies support the notion that interpretation is a common therapeutic element but that different therapies nonetheless accentuate different aspects of interpretation. Implications for psychotherapy integration are offered and the findings are discussed with reference to theory and clinical practice. Future research directions for examining therapist interpretations are proposed.

Thesis (PH.D.) -- Syracuse University, 2007. / "Publication number AAT 3266315"