No description available.

Thesis (M.A.)--Western Kentucky University, 2008. / Tables. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-49).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Irvine, 2006. / Adviser: Frances M. Leslie. Includes bibliographical references.

Sixty male undergraduate students participated in an experiment designed to investigate the effects of anti-anxiety and stimulant drugs on polygraphic interrogation. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Three of the groups watched a 12 minute videotape depicting the burglary of an apartment through the eyes of the thief. Each subject was asked to imagine that it was he who was committing the crime and was given instructions to encourage his becoming absorbed in the videotape. Afterwards, they were accused of committing this crime. Each subject received one of three look-alike capsules containing a drug which, they were told, would help them to escape detection. Capsules for the first group contained 10 mg of diazepam; those for the second group, 20 mg of methylphenidate; a placebo was given to the third group. Subjects in the fourth group, the innocent control condition, viewed a 10 minute videotape sequence showing the interior of another apartment, this time with no crime committed. They did not receive any medication or placebo after they were accused of committing the crime. After a one hour wait, all subjects were interrogated by the experimenter, who was blind to both their guilt or innocence and drug status. Skin conductance, heart rate and respiration were monitored; all charts were scored blindly. No drug effects were found in the guilt/innocence classification or in any of the physiological channels being monitored. The overall hit rate, including inconclusives, was 81.7%. A significant relationship between recall of guilty information and detectability was also found. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. Background:Mental health conditions are common among persons with HIV (PWH). An understanding of factors associated with prescription medication use for these conditions and clinical impact of the prescription medications may improve care of mental health disorders in PWH.Methods:Psychotropic medication use was examined among PWH within the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5322 (HAILO) study. Multivariable logistic models and Cox regression models estimated the association between psychotropic medications (any/none) with baseline and incident slow gait (>1 s/m) and neurocognitive impairment (NCI) for more than 4 years.Results:Of 1035 participants, the median age was 51 years.81% were men, 30% black, non-Hispanic, and 20% Hispanic. Psychotropic medication use was similar between men (34%) and women (38%; P = 0.19). PWH using psychotropic medications had greater odds of baseline slow gait {odds ratio 1.61, [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23 to 2.10]; P < 0.001}. Men but not women using psychotropic medications had an increased risk of developing slow gait [hazard ratio 1.85; (1.29 to 2.65) vs 0.77; (CI: 0.35 to 1.68), P interaction = 0.045]. The sex-specific odds ratios for medication use and NCI were qualitatively but not statistically different [men: 1.79; (1.14-2.80); women: 1.27; (0.56-2.90); P interaction = 0.47]. Psychotropic medication use was associated with an increased risk of incident NCI [hazard ratio 2.18; (95% CI: 1.23 to 3.84), P = 0.007] in both men and women.Conclusions:Psychotropic medications are associated with impairment in functional outcomes of aging, with a greater risk of baseline NCI and incident slow gait among men. Further investigation is needed to optimize outcomes in PWH and prescription of psychotropic medications among both men and women.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 296-323). Also available on the Internet.

Rigid analogues of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine and the phenothiazine tranquilizer promazine were designed and their syntheses were attempted. Conformational rigidity was expected to reduce the side effects of these drugs by limiting their binding to multiple receptors. Ortho-directed metalation followed by acylation provided synthetic intermediates for the formation of the desired pentacyclic congeners. The known dilithiation of phenothiazine and iminodibenzyl and n-butyllithium, followed by acylation with dimethylformamide, gave carboxaldehydes at the 1 and 4 positions respectively. Ortho-lithiated nicotinamides were acylated by these aldehydes exclusively at the 4 position to provide the key intermediate alcohol amides. Difficulties in amide hydrolysis are discussed. Catalytic hydrogenation over palladium-on-carbon in refluxing acetic acid yielded carboxylic acids, apparently via the gamma-lactones formed in situ. The lactones could not be isolated easily due to instability to oxidation. Pentacyclic lactams were formed by dehydration, and borane was used to reduce the carbonyl function. Only the iminodibenzyl lactam was reduced, and problems encountered in subsequent pyridine ring reduction are discussed. Cis and trans ring fusion isomers were identified by ¹³C nmr. Attempted one-pot synthesis of this pentacycle and a regioisomer by double acylation of 4,5-dilithioiminodibenzyl with 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic anhydride, and 3,4-pyridinedicarboxylic anhydride failed. Mechanistic considerations are discussed regarding regiochemistry and reactivity of the nitrogen and carbon anions involved. Ortho-lithiation of 3-bromopyridine to form 3-pyridyne in the presence of the preformed N-lithioiminodibenzyl-4-carboxaldehyde was unsuccessful in providing a pentacyclic benzonaphthyridinobenzazepine. The resulting 2- and 4-lithiated 3-bromopyridines were trapped by the aldehyde instead. Both hydroxymethylbromopyridines were identified by their proton coupling patterns in the pyridine ring. These compounds are discussed as potential precursors to pentacyclic benzazepinopyridobenzazepines. Several other attempts at forming benzonaphthyridinobenzazepines and naphthyridinophenothiazines were unsuccessful. Intermediates were obtained by carbon acylation of the dilithiated iminodibenzyl and phenothiazine with arecoline esters, arecaidine, and pyridine-3-carboxaldehyde. Dibenzylic alcohol reduction is discussed, as is its labile oxidation. None of the resulting pyridylmethyl heterocycles could be cyclized.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disability diagnosed in an increasing number of children. ASD has few effective treatment options. This study describes ASD prevalence and use of psychotropic medications among children and youth in Manitoba. Methodology: Administrative data from the Repository at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (MCHP) were used to create a cohort of children born in Manitoba. Diagnoses of ASD were based on medical claim records, hospital abstracts, or special education funding data. Results: Between 2010 and 2014, 3079 Manitoba children aged 0-14 had an ASD diagnosis (1.2% prevalence). Child demographic, health and education, and family environmental characteristics were compared between children with ASD and children in the general population; children with ASD with and without psychotropic medications; and among all children with psychotropic medications. Children with ASD were more likely to have a psychotropic medication than children in the general population. Children with ASD were more likely to receive a psychotropic medication if they were older than age 4, were diagnosed with ASD later than age 4, received special education funding, had participated in behavioural programming, had a co-occurring psychiatric condition, had a sibling diagnosed with ASD or had ever been in the care of child welfare. This study demonstrated that children with ASD received a greater number and intensity of psychotropic medications than children in the general population with similar demographic and psychiatric conditions. Conclusions: In Manitoba, the prevalence of ASD is increasing and differences exist between children with ASD and children in the general population. Future research and treatment planning for children with mental disorders and developmental disabilities should consider the appropriateness of the patterns of medication use and equity of treatment interventions found in this study. / October 2016

Class of 2007 Abstract / Objectives: A prescription claims database from COPE Behavioral Services in Tucson, Arizona was used to retrospectively assess the differences between patients receiving <4 and those receiving > 4 psychotropic medications over a 12-month period in adult patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Medication groups (i.e., < 4 versus > 4 concomitant psychotropic agents) were compared for differences in gender, age, duplication of antipsychotic therapy, adherence rates, court order treatment status, psychiatric hospitalization rates and length of stay, cost of services provided, and concomitant psychotropic medications. Results: A total of 506 adult patients with schizophrenia (F=214 and M=292) met the inclusion criteria for receiving psychotropic medications during the 12-month study. Of those, 388 patients (76.7%) were found to have an average of < 4 medications, while 118 patients (23.3%) were found to have > 4 medications. Duplication of antipsychotic therapy was more common in the > 4 group (29.7%) compared to the < 4 group (3.1%), p < 0.001. Psychotropic adherence rates were significantly higher in the > 4 group based on month’s supply of prescriptions. Demographic differences between groups included: increased age, more women, fewer court order status, and higher cost of care in the > 4 compared to the < 4 medication group. No differences in hospitalizations, length of stay, and hospital costs were found between groups. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia with increased rates of polypharmacy have higher adherence rates, more duplication of antipsychotics, and a higher cost of care (i.e., case management, laboratory, other services, total prescription costs) compared to patients receiving < 4 psychotropic medications.