<p> Climate change has become responsible for substantial mortality and morbidity around the world. These numbers are said to rise, as climate change will continue to have both direct and indirect effects on human health, as well as threaten the determinants of health. Some health effects include asthma, respiratory disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, stroke, health-related illness, human developmental effects, mental illness, neurological disease, vector-borne disease, waterborne disease, and more. Given the implications it carries on human health, climate change should be of fundamental relevance to doctors and future doctors alike. The aim of this thesis is to explore the importance of preparing doctors and student doctors for a climate-changing world. This includes developing skills and insights necessary in a clinical practice and a public health role. The research methods in this thesis is sought to identify if future doctors are being prepared and are willing to take action against climate change and the health implications it poses. The focus is also to identify the perceptions of doctors on climate change and its health risks, as little is known about this. Through theoretical and quantitative evidence, the goal is to provide insight on the role future doctors, who are both prepared and willing to take actions, can play in influencing patients to participate in climate change mitigation.</p><p>

<p> This descriptive, cross-sectional study was used to collect and analyze data provided from a pencil and paper survey mailed to a randomly selected group of North Carolina restaurants and bars. The topic of the study was North Carolina's smoke-free restaurants and bars law. The two purposes of this study were: 1) to assess whether, after five years of implementation of the N.C. smoke-free law, restaurant and bar owners and managers receive complaints about the law, and whether they are experiencing the benefits promised when the law was first passed and 2) to explore their actions and interest related to policies that go beyond what is covered in the state law, specifically prohibiting the use of electronic cigarettes indoors and/or providing smoke-free seating areas for customers outside. </p><p> A 20-question survey was mailed to 663 restaurant and bar owners/managers. The overall response rate was 20.3% (23% for restaurants and 17% for bars). The total number of surveys analyzed was 135 (86 from restaurants and 49 from bars). All participants acknowledged knowing about the smoke-free law, and the two most frequently selected benefits for restaurants and bars were customers breathing less tobacco smoke (65.2%) and fewer complaints about secondhand smoke (58.5%). Another frequently selected benefit of the law was reduced maintenance and cleaning costs (45.9%). A total of 79.1% of restaurants and 73.5% of bars reported at least one benefit from the smoke-free law. </p><p> Further analysis showed that while restaurant and bar owners/managers receive few complaints about secondhand smoke, more than half of bars reported receiving complaints during the last 12 months from smoking customers and employees about not having a place indoors to smoke. Qualitative analysis of comments responding to an open-ended question showed that bar owners and managers tend to be less happy with the smoke-free law than restaurant owners and managers. Bar owners and managers also shared specific problems with the law and recommended solutions to those problems. </p><p> Restaurants were found to be significantly more likely than bars to restrict the use of electronic cigarettes inside their businesses, with more than two-thirds of restaurant participants either banning their use inside or limiting their use to designated areas. Restaurants and bars did not show a statistically significant difference in smoke-free outdoor customer areas, with 29% of all participants reporting some smoke-free policy for outdoor customer areas. </p><p> A moderate number of participants said they are interested in more information about restricting electronic cigarette use (14.3%) and more information about creating smoke-free outdoor customer areas (18.6%). Trends and interest in both of these policy areas create an opportunity for public health to respond with programs and policy efforts. &#8195;</p>

Addiction continues to impact millions of people in the US and remains a public health priority. Public health views addiction as a disease that can be prevented and treated. However, traditionally the public health system has viewed individuals and entire communities from the perspective of needs and problems, as opposed to strengths and assets. As a result, the data indicate that Latinos and Latinas have been disproportionately impacted by addiction. However, despite the fact that Latinos and Latinas possess enormous funds of knowledge and cultural capital, they are under-represented among credentialed counselors. Moreover, the literature on drug and alcohol credentialing has produced knowledge about and for addictions counselors, with little attention awarded to Latino/a-specific issues. This dissertation seeks to contribute to the literature and discourse on Latinas and Latinos and the credentialing processes. By employing the story-telling and counter-storytelling methodologies described in Latino Critical Race Theory (LatCrit) and Culturally Responsible Pedagogies, this research creates knowledge with Latino and Latina counselors, beginning from their lived-experiences. This dissertation includes Latino and Latina individuals in the development of knowledge about their experiences with micro-aggressions and the credentialing processes. This qualitative study includes seventeen in-depth interviews and two focus groups with eight credentialed and seven non-credentialed individuals from across Massachusetts. The participants in this research study eloquently talked about the role of class and how their families impacted their views about education. They also recounted their painful experiences with racism, racialization, sexism, colonialism, internalize oppression and other forms of micro-aggressions. It should be noted that a significant number of the participants are in addiction recovery and they talked about their recovery processes, the impact on their families, and their decisions to give back to the community. All of the participants also talked about their experiences with formal education, the impact of participatory versus banking education, and the credentialing process. The counter-narrative produced by their stories includes important recommendations and opportunities for praxis. Throughout the counter-stories one can note the impressive amounts of cultural and social capital, as well as funds of knowledge possessed by the participants. They also exhibit agency, self-determination, and resiliency.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1944.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1945.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1947.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1944.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1947.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1945.

<p>Older adults&rsquo; knowledge and perceptions about Ebola have not been previously explored in the literature. A survey, administered during the Ebola outbreak in 2014, was performed to capture East Harlem senior residents&rsquo; knowledge about Ebola and identify their major sources of information, their self-reported levels of trust in city officials, and whether or not they would follow officials&rsquo; directions. Results using frequency testing showed that senior respondents were not knowledgeable about disease transmission. The major trusted sources of information identified were television and newspapers. Overall, respondents trusted city officials and were very likely to follow city instructions. This study is important because it elucidates the need for better information to be more efficiently disseminated through media during a health emergency. </p>