Luo, Weixiang. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-105). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese.

Cohort study found that being insured and having longer exposure of health insurance significantly increased migrant workers' likelihood to use professional healthcare in Shenzhen, decreased their total occasions of professional healthcare utilisation, and were causally associated with a decrease in professional healthcare expenditures which were paid out-of-pocket in the 6 months of follow-up by migrant workers. / Internal migration has become a more and more prominent societal and economic phenomenon in mainland China and Shenzhen is one of the most frequently selected locales for rural-urban migrants. This thesis aims 1) to assess health status and to describe patterns of healthcare utilisation amongst migrant factory workers, 2) to follow up the sample over 6 months to understand the impact of health insurance participation on health service utilisation and health expenditures, and 3) to assess the implications for health policies. / Our results suggest that health strategies should take into consideration the specific health needs of the highly mobile factory migrant workers. Through insurance coverage, local health authorities may be able to help improve rural-urban migrant workers' health by improving services at community level, and incorporating psychological care in the services provided by Community Health Centres. / Questionnaire surveys were used in a representative sample from factory workers in Shenzhen. The baseline and follow-up studies were conducted during April to December 2009 in Shenzhen, China. / Results show that migrant factory workers in Shenzhen represent a broad combination of geographic complexity and have special socio-demographic characteristics. The results have specified some association between self-rated health and SES, and major correlates of depressive symptoms amongst migrant factory workers. The seroprevalence of antibodies to rubella amongst female migrant workers is too low to provide immunity in the population. Sex, age, education, sleeping hours and internet use were associated with being a current smoker. The crude two-week illness rate was 21.6%. More than half and 11.6% of sick migrant workers chose self-treatment or neglected their sickness, respectively. Self-perception of disease being not severe, lack of time and economic difficulties were the major explanations for not utilizing professional care. / Mou, Jin. / Adviser: Sian Meryl Griffiths. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-02, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 253-270). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Cai, Yue. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-107). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (English) --- p.I / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.IV / Acknowledgement --- p.VII / Selected Abbreviations and Acronyms --- p.VIII / List of Contents --- p.IX / List of Tables --- p.XIV / List of Figures --- p.XIX / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Definition of Migration in China --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Reasons for This Study --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Research Questions and Hypotheses of the Study --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Research Questions --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Hypothesis --- p.5 / Chapter 1.5 --- Outlines of the Thesis --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Methodology and Search Results --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Overview of the Health Status of Migrant Children --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Access to Health Care --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Physical Health --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Mental and Social Health --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Other Aspects about Health --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3 --- Possible Explanations --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Acculturation-stress of Migrant Children --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Healthy Migrant Children --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Transitional Effect on Migrant Childreńةs Health --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Socio-demographic Effect on Migrant Childreńةs Health --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4 --- Potential Risk Factors for Health of Migrant Children except the Migration Status --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Gender --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Age --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Duration of Residence in Host Society --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Reside with Both Parents --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Familýةs Social Economic Status --- p.17 / Chapter 2.5 --- Limitations of Previous Studies --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Study Design --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1 --- Study Method --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2 --- Definition of Migrant Children --- p.22 / Chapter 3.3 --- Study Population --- p.22 / Chapter 3.4 --- Study Tool --- p.23 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Core Scale: World Health Organization Quality of Life - Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) --- p.23 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Questionnaire for Child --- p.26 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Questionnaire for Parent --- p.26 / Chapter 3.5 --- Sampling Strategy and Data Collection Process --- p.28 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Pilot study --- p.28 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Main study --- p.30 / Chapter 3.6 --- Data Management --- p.36 / Chapter 3.7 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.38 / Chapter 3.8 --- Ethical Consideration --- p.42 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Results --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1 --- Reliability and Validity of WHOQOL-BREF --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- The Reliability and Validity of the Whole WHOQOL-BREF Scale --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- The Reliability and Validity of Each Health Domains: --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2 --- Migrants vs Residents in All Schools --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- The differences of demographic characteristics --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Health related quality of life (HRQOL) and self-reported physical health outcomes --- p.49 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Access to health services and health resources --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Adoption of health promoting behaviors --- p.51 / Chapter 4.3 --- Migrants vs Residents in General primary Schools --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Socio-demographic characteristics among children in general primary school --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Health related quality of life (HRQOL) and self-reported physical health outcomes in general primary school --- p.53 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Access to health care services and health related resources in general primary school --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Adoption of health promoting behaviors --- p.55 / Chapter 4.4 --- Comparisons of Migrant Children in Different School Settings --- p.56 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Comparison of socio-demographic characteristics of migrant children in different school settings --- p.56 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Health related quality of life (HRQOL) - Migrant children in different school settings --- p.58 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Self-reported physical health outcomes of migrant children in different types of schools --- p.59 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Access to health services and health related resources --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Adoption of health promoting behaviors --- p.61 / Chapter 4.5 --- The Effect of Migration Controlling for Potential Confounding Factors --- p.62 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Within all primary schools --- p.62 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Within general primary schools --- p.68 / Chapter 4.6 --- The Effect of Migration on Access to Health Care Services Controlling for Potential Confounding Factors --- p.69 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Within all primary schools --- p.69 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Within general primary Schools --- p.70 / Chapter 4.7 --- The Effect of Migration on Adoption of Health Promoting Behaviors Controlling for Potential Confounding Factors --- p.71 / Chapter 4.7.1 --- Within all primary schools --- p.71 / Chapter 4.7.2 --- Within general primary schools --- p.72 / Chapter 4.8 --- Summary of Results --- p.73 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion --- p.75 / Chapter 5.1 --- Interpretations of the Results --- p.75 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) and Self-Reported physical Health Outcomes --- p.75 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Access to Health Services and Health resources --- p.80 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Adoption of Health Promoting Behaviors --- p.84 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Other Interesting Findings --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2 --- Implications --- p.89 / Chapter 5.3 --- Strengths of This Study --- p.91 / Chapter 5.4 --- Addressing Potential Sources of Bias and Other Study Limitations --- p.92 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Potential Sampling Bias --- p.92 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Potential Reporting Bias --- p.94 / Chapter 5.5 --- Study for The Future --- p.95 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusions --- p.97 / Reference List --- p.98 / Appendix A: Summary of 74 Literature Review Papers --- p.108 / Appendix B: Questionnaires --- p.119 / Appendix C: Tables in Pilot Study --- p.127 / Appendix D: Reliability and Validity of WHOQOL-BREF --- p.129 / Appendix E: Tables in Main Study --- p.132

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

Three decades of mobile phone diffusion, thousands of mobile-phone-based health projects worldwide ("mHealth"), and tens of thousands of health applications in Apple's iTunes store, but fundamental questions about the effect of phone diffusion on people's healthcare behaviour remain unanswered. Empirical, theoretical, and methodological gaps in the study of mobile phones and health reinforce each other and lead to simplifying assumptions that mobile phones are a ubiquitous and neutral platform for interventions to improve health and healthcare. This contradicts what we know from the technology adoption literature. This thesis explores the theoretical link between mobile phone diffusion and healthcare access; develops and tests a new multidimensional indicator of mobile phone adoption; and analyses the effects of phone use on people's healthcare-seeking behaviour. My mixed methods research design - implemented in rural Rajasthan (India) and Gansu (China) - involves qualitative research with 231 participants and primary survey data from 800 persons. My research yields a qualitatively grounded framework that describes the accessibility and suitability of mobile phones in healthcare-seeking processes, the heterogeneous outcomes of phone use and non-use on healthcare access, and the uneven equity consequences in this process. Quantitative analysis based on the framework finds that mobile phone use in rural India and China increases access to healthcare, but it also invites more complex and delayed health behaviours and the over-use of scarce healthcare resources. Moreover, increasing phone-aided health action threatens to marginalise socio-economically disadvantaged groups further. I present here the first quantitative evidence on how mobile phone adoption influences healthcare-seeking behaviour. This challenges the common view that mHealth interventions operate on a neutral platform and draws attention to potential targeting, user acceptance, and sustainability problems. The framework and tools developed in this thesis can support policy considerations for health systems to evaluate and address the healthcare implications of mobile phone diffusion.

published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Master / Master of Dental Surgery

我們身處於一個充滿風險的社會。金融海嘯、核能危機、全球暖化、食品問題等，在說明社會步向現代化的後遺症，正如何為人類帶來更難預測的風險，並無孔不入般影響我們的日常生活(Beck, 1992)。在這理論基礎上，本文將探究新聞製作於建構風險的角色，並提出一個名為「客觀化」(objectification) 的過程---新聞媒體如何在科學專家的意見眾說紛紜、對風險難有最終定案之下，把有關社會風險的新聞論述詮釋為客觀的社會事實。我尤其探討風險範例的建構---一些有關風險的新聞事件其後演變為重要範例，並影響日後類似事件的新聞論述。 / 為求以實證方法探究風險「合理化」的過程，我將以香港(中華人民共和國的特別行政區) 的新聞論述如何回應2009年全球豬流感危機作為案例。豬流感是香港經歷2003年非典型肺炎危機(又稱「沙士」) 的重創後，首次面對的全球疫症危機。香港新聞如何呈現豬流感疫情，亦深受「沙士」時的歷史回憶、經驗及後遺所影響。故此，這案例有助我研究風險範例於風險「合理化」時的作用。我從香港報章隨機抽樣出有關豬流感的新聞論述的樣本，並透過內容分析和文本分析，研究香港新聞如何敍述豬流感危機，以及相關敍述所包含的意識形態。我亦走訪了當年採訪豬流感新聞的新聞工作者、有份向傳媒提供專家意見的醫學專家、以及負責制定香港政府防控豬流感政策的官員，以了解建構豬流感風險背後的社會互動。 / 本文的研究顯示，香港有關豬流感危機的新聞論述，是如何奠基於「沙士」這風險範例而建構。豬流感起來襲初時，新聞論述廣泛地藉「沙士」的經驗去詮釋豬流感可能帶給香港的後果。新聞工作者於「沙士」時的採訪經歷，亦成為他們報道豬流感新聞時尋找醫學專家意見的參照經驗，尤其是當醫學專家意見紛紜、新聞工作者要判斷誰人的意見較有權威去界定健康風險之時。本文主要闡述新聞的建構於社會回應風險時所起的關鍵作用，從而帶出這於風險社會理論、以及當我們探究新聞媒體及傳播於現代風險社會的角色時，仍未受足夠重視的重要層面。 / We are witnessing the formation of a risk society, with financial instability, nuclear catastrophes, global warming, and food crises, and just to give a few examples, becoming parts of our everyday life in an age of risk characterized by uncertainties stemming from system failure of modernization (Beck, 1992). In the light of this theoretical concern, in this study I shall scrutinize how news making plays its role in the construction of risk. This, I suggest, is a process of risk objectification ---how news media justifies its discourse of social risk by making social facts upon uncertainties and inconclusive scientific opinions. Specifically, I shall focus on the creation of risk exemplar. That is, some news events become critical exemplar that would shape the news construction of subsequent crises of similar sources. / To look into the process of risk objectification empirically, I shall examine what were the main features of the news discourse in Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region of China, in reaction to the global health crisis of Swine Flu in 2009. Swine Flu was the first pandemic crisis encountered by Hong Kong after its devastating suffering from the epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003. The news representation of Swine Flu was influenced by the historical memory, experience and legacies of SARS and this helps illustrate how risk exemplar contributes to risk legitimization. I carried out content and textual analysis respectively on a random sample of Hong Kong’s newspapers for the purpose of analyzing the key narrations of Swine Flu and the underlying ideological packages of such narrations. I also conducted in-depth interviews with journalists, medical experts and public officials who were deeply involved in the news making of Swine Flu so as to uncover the social dynamics in the process of risk construction. / Key findings of this thesis highlight how the health crisis of Swine Flu was staged by the risk exemplar of SARS. Experience of SARS was widely drawn upon for making sense of the potential impacts of Swine Flu when it first broke out. It was also the key reference for journalists when seeking expert advices, particularly when identifying those who are more authoritative among different opinions in defining the nature of the risk. It is my argument that news making plays a critical role in the shaping of the social reactions to a risk. My analysis thus adds an important, but somehow unduly neglected, dimension to theory of risk society and our understanding of the role of news media and communication in contemporary risk society. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Chan, Chi Kit. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 240-250). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Chan, Chi Kit.

Wong, King Moses. / "August 2010." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-172). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research objectives --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research hypothesis --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Research questions --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5 --- Research structure --- p.9 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Literature Review --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- "Health geography: knowledge of population, people, places and health" --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Understanding geographies of diseases: mapping and modeling diseases and health --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Healthcare services provision and utilization --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- Hong Kong: facts and context --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Demographics --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Key challenges arising from population ageing --- p.37 / Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- Implications to medico-social agenda --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Implications to health status --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4.2.3 --- Implications to disease pattern --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Healthcare service delivery system in Hong Kong --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4.3.1 --- Financing and expenditure --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.3.2 --- Organizational framework and healthcare policy --- p.44 / Chapter 2.4.3.3 --- Healthcare resources --- p.49 / Chapter 2.4.3.4 --- Utilization and provision of public healthcare services --- p.50 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Material & Methods --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1 --- Background of main source of data --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2 --- Sources of data --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Hospital services utilization data --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Healthcare resources data --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Population data --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3 --- Spatial scale of analysis --- p.62 / Chapter 3.4 --- Statistical analyses --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Service utilization ratios --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Provision of healthcare resources to population --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Adequacy of healthcare services provision --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Mortality analysis --- p.67 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Multi-level analysis --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4.6 --- Mapping of health services utilization ratio and mortality ratio --- p.70 / Chapter 3.5 --- Statistical packages used --- p.73 / Chapter 3.6 --- Cautions on interpretation --- p.74 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Confounding and ecological fallacy --- p.74 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Problem with the use of Standardized Mortality Ratio --- p.75 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Problem with mapping and visualization --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Results --- p.78 / Chapter 4.1 --- Socio-spatial variation in mortality --- p.78 / Chapter 4.2 --- Statistical analysis and mapping of health services utilization ratio --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3 --- Statistical and cartographic analysis in Standardized Mortality Ratio --- p.88 / Chapter 4.4 --- Provision of healthcare resources to population --- p.91 / Chapter 4.5 --- "Multi-level analysis of hospital services utilization, provision and mortality" --- p.92 / Chapter 4.6 --- Further analysis --- p.95 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Discussion --- p.100 / Chapter 5.1 --- Geographic variations in health services utilization ratios --- p.101 / Chapter 5.2 --- Geographic variation in Standardized Mortality Ratio --- p.107 / Chapter 5.3 --- "Multi-level models on health services utilization, provision and mortality" --- p.121 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Socio-demographic characteristics of health services utilization --- p.121 / Chapter 5.3.1.1 --- Age --- p.121 / Chapter 5.3.1.2 --- Gender --- p.124 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Health services utilization in relation to services provision --- p.129 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Health services utilization in relation to mortality --- p.132 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Adequacy of healthcare services provision --- p.134 / Chapter 5.3.4.1 --- Adequacy of hospital care provision --- p.134 / Chapter 5.3.4.2 --- Adequacy of primary care provision --- p.139 / Chapter 5.4 --- Implications --- p.143 / Chapter 5.5 --- Strengths of study --- p.146 / Chapter 5.6 --- Limitations of study --- p.148 / Chapter 5.7 --- Recommendations for future research --- p.151 / Chapter Chapter Six: --- Conclusion --- p.154 / References --- p.158