Thesis (H.S.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 21, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: B, page: 7285. Adviser: Nancy T. Ellis.

Thesis (H.S.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 2007. / Adviser: Nancy T. Ellis.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Texas, Dec., 2009. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 8, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-10, Section: B, page: 6149. Adviser: Michael Reece.

<p> The purpose of this study was to determine if any relationship exists between low socioeconomic status (SES) and poor physical health. Thirty (n = 30) participants ages 11 and 12 were chosen for this study. Fifteen participants (n = 15) were from the high SES group and fifteen participants (n = 15) were from the low SES group. Each student underwent a battery of tests that were conducted using TriFit 700. TriFit 700 is an interactive software that allows students to perform different physical tests for which they were assigned a score. The 4 different tests were the bicep curl test (strength), sit-and-reach test (flexibility), body composition assessment (body fat percent), and 1 mile walk/run test (cardiovascular assessment). After completion of these tests, each student was also assigned an overall health score. A MANOVA test was run to determine how the participants in the low SES category and the high SES category compared in each of the areas tested. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the strength category, the flexibility category, percentage of body fat category or the overall health score. This study did find, however, that a statistical significance exists between the two groups in the VO2 max category. The higher SES group outperformed the low SES group at p &lt; .0083.</p><p>

<p> Participation in youth sports is increasingly popular with estimates of 35&ndash;40 million U.S. children playing an organized sport each year. Current concussion education has not been shown to be consistently effective. The risk of concussion exposure is present in a number of youth sports. Much of the research surrounding concussion reporting has targeted older adolescents. A better understanding of the reporting process among younger athletes is needed. </p><p> <b>Purpose of the Study:</b> The purpose of this study was to generate a grounded theory that explained concussion reporting in youth sports from the perspective of the young athletes. </p><p> <b>Design and Methods:</b> A grounded theory approach was used to gather and analyze data from semi-structured interviews with soccer players ages 5 to 12. The sample consisted of eleven athletes (8 male, 3 female) from non-elite soccer leagues in two counties; Maricopa, Arizona and Santa Barbara, California. </p><p> <b>Results:</b> Data analysis induced four conceptual categories; trusted environment, self-monitoring, being a player and incentive structure. The resultant theoretical model explains injury reporting from the perspective of young athletes. This study suggests that there is an incentive structure related to injury reporting, that young athletes have a good understanding of the incentives in relation to their perception of self as a player. Athletes demonstrate self-agency in terms of self-monitoring, however important adult others provide a trusted environment that makes children feel safe with their decisions. </p><p> <i>Implications:</i> This study suggests that a better understanding of the incentive structure embedded in the reporting process is needed to design effective prevention and education strategies. Important other adults such as parents and coaches may play a pivotal role in injury reporting among younger athletes when compared to adolescents.</p><p>

<p> Public health institutions and popular media frequently frame weight loss and weight control as primary benefits of physical activity. This exploratory, descriptive study examined how respondents rated statements exemplifying three physical activity frames: a weight control frame, a medical frame, and an active embodiment frame. An anonymous, online survey was conducted in March 2018; respondents rated frame statements in terms of inspiring motivation to engage in physical activity, and in terms of perceived credibility. They also provided anthropometric data and physical activity data. Data were analyzed for the entire sample as well as stratified by multiple variables, including body mass index, waist circumference, age, and physical activity levels. </p><p> Overall, the weight control frame was rated the lowest in terms of motivation, and rated moderately in terms of credibility. The active embodiment frame was highly rated in terms of motivation, but did not rate highly in terms of credibility. The medical frame was rated most credible overall, while achieving moderate motivation ratings. A &ldquo;credibility/motivation gap&rdquo; was identified when frames were rated highly on one scale (credibility or motivation), but not the other. These findings have implications for how physical activity is framed in public health messaging, and suggest that, as no single frame dominated both the motivation and credibility ratings, a multi-frame approach may have greater success in motivating people to engage physical activity than does the current, weight-control dominant approach. </p><p>

<p> While adolescent endurance runners are at risk for energy deficiency, limited studies have evaluated the effect of a nutrition education intervention. We evaluated the effect of a 4-week nutrition curriculum on adolescent cross-country runners&rsquo; nutrition knowledge, dietary behaviors, and self-efficacy to optimize intake of nutrient-dense carbohydrate foods, using a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design. Runners (<i>n</i> = 45; <i>n</i> = 26 F, <i>n</i> = 19 M; age 15.7 &plusmn; 0.2y) attended 4 weekly 30 to 60-minute lessons. Baseline body weight and composition were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Paired samples t-tests measured difference in nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy scores, before and after each lesson. Mean nutrition knowledge scores significantly increased from pre- to post-test for lessons 1 and 2 (<i>p</i> &lt; .001). Mean self-efficacy scores significantly improved pre- to post-test for all lessons (<i>p</i> &lt; .001). Findings suggest a benefit of the curriculum to increase nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy, and support dietary behaviors promoting increase in nutrient-dense carbohydrate intake among adolescent runners.</p><p>

<p> This study explored the perceived effects of microaggressions on Peer Support Specialists (PSS). Although some research exists on the perceived effects of microaggression on individuals with lived experience of mental illness, known culturally as a marginalized group (Sue, 2010); none exists on PSS. The mental health movement began in the early 1900&rsquo;s, which later evolved into mental health recovery and psychiatric rehabilitation. This movement brought forth the development of psychopharmacology, supportive services, and mental health programs. During the early phases of mental health recovery and treatment, individuals with lived experience of mental illness were utilized as peers and eventually as peer support specialists, or liaisons. Peer support specialists (PSS) provide an invaluable resource to individuals struggling with mental illness, as the literature supports. Despite strides towards societal acceptance, individuals with mental illness, continue to experience discrimination, stigma and microaggressions. Research on historical trauma, although beyond the scope of this research will be reviewed to provide an understanding of how microaggressions are passed on and additionally a narrative review of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25), aimed to contribute to the understanding of the history of trauma, engagement, and recovery. This research qualitatively explored the experience of sixteen participants who are PSS and in active recovery of mental illness. Semi structured focus group interviews revealed five major themes: Category 1&ndash;Microinvalidation: (1.1) Invalidation; (1.2) Second Class Citizen; Category 2&ndash;Resilience: (2.1) Advocacy; (2.2) Belonginess; (2.3) Perseverance.</p><p>

<p> High blood pressure (HBP) is a worldwide concern in many countries (Keamey, et al., 2005). HBP is likely to be higher in underdeveloped countries, specifically in Africa (Addo, Smeeth, &amp; Leon, 2007; Kearney, et al.,2005; World Health Organization [WHO], 2015). The prevalence of HBP in South Africa is 21%, which is about 6 million individuals (Steyn, Gaziano, Bradshaw, Laubscher, &amp; Fourier, 2001). The purpose of the study is to examine the predictive factors of HBP among older adults in South Africa. This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the World Health Organization (WHO &amp; Phaswana-Mafaya, 2008). The total number of participants included in this sample was 2,145 adults age 60 and over, of which females comprise 59%. The average age was 69.50 years (<i>SD= 7.63</i>). The prevalence of reporting HBP among respondents was 37%. The multivariate analysis shows that, when other factors are controlled, being female, having a larger waist circumference, having a diagnosis of diabetes and depression, and urban residence significantly predicted HBP among older South Africans. When comparing men and women, the results of the logistic regression shows that the decrease of odds of having HBP among men who have diabetes and depression is less than the decrease of odds of having HBP among women who have diabetes and depression. These findings indicate that the risk factors, diabetes and depression, have a bigger effect on females compared to males. The results of the study will help to implement primary HBP prevention targeting South African older adult females who have been diagnosed with diabetes, depression, and who live in urban areas.</p><p>