M.Cur. / The study on ‘Sustainability of midwifery practice within the South African healthcare system’ is stimulated by the lack of research that influences policy to support midwifery practice in South Africa. The poor database and health information systems for midwives result in the poor performance of maternal healthcare in the public sector (Parkhurst, Penn- Kekana, Blaauw, Balabanova, Danishevski, Rahman, Onama, & Ssengooba 2005) in spite of meeting the Safe Motherhood Initiative of the World Health Organisation’s criteria for skilled attendance and facilities (Penn-Kekana & Blaauw 2004). Generally, midwives remain the main provider of maternal healthcare, including South Africa, where only 3 in 10 women in the public sector see a medical doctor once in pregnancy (South African Demographic Health Survey 1998). The norms and standards recommended by the Saving Mothers Reports 1998 – 2006 for staffing and resources to improve outcomes of maternal deaths have not realised. The public sector needs help from the private sector for improved care. The Nursing Strategy for South Africa 2008 endorses Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) to support nursing and midwifery. There is no Public- Private Partnership in South Africa to support or sustain midwifery practice. The purpose of the study is to develop a model for a Public-Private Partnership for midwifery practice sustainability in the South African healthcare system. This study follows adapted explorative, descriptive, model generating research guidelines of Chinn and Jacobs (1983 & 1987), Chinn and Kramer (1991 to 2008) and Walker and Avant (1995). Analysis of the South African maternal healthcare context uses the open-system theory for sustainability of Olsen and a team of researchers (1998) and several frameworks for healthcare human resources. The main concepts of the model are identified and analysed. The main concepts are Public-Private Partnership, midwifery practice, sustainability and the related concepts are governance, task environment and quality service. The model for a Public-Private Partnership is synthesised through the relation of concepts. The 45 statements of the context empirically ground the study. The model depicts the South African healthcare context and all the factors that impact on midwifery and its context. The model and its functions are explained within a constituted framework. The Global standards for practice of the International Council for Nursing and Midwifery, the definition and core competencies of midwives of the Confederation of Midwives, the Millennium Development Goals for Sub-Sahara Africa 2020 and the newly formed World Health Organisation Partnership for Africa for maternal, newborn and child care 2008 are factors of the global (macro) context that influence the model. The South African healthcare system (meso context) factors include economics, legal-ethical, professional, service delivery and civil society dimensions that impact on policy for service delivery on micro level, where the PPP formally exists. The PPP for maternal healthcare is developed within this framework. The stakeholders of the formal PPP are the public sector, the private sector, the midwifery profession and civil society. The PPP governs the task environment for midwifery through the risk assessment strategies that include financial risk based on clinical risk and the development of norms and standards for staff and resources as expressed in service level agreements for quality service delivery. Governance implies policy standards and the accountability of the PPP to the consumer for service delivery quality and performance. The stakeholders of the PPP ensure sustainability in this model through collaboration and shared responsibility, risk and decision-making between the institution, midwifery profession and practice and civil society for a balance of interest.

D.Litt et Phil. (Public Management and Governance) / Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are contractual arrangements between the public and private sector, which are generally long-term in nature. If correctly implemented PPPs can mobilise socio-economic goals. The implementation of PPPs is to permit the delivery of continued, lucrative public organisation or services, by mobilising private sector proficiency and conveying a substantial amount of risk to the private sector, towards value for money. The incentive of the research is centred on the guiding principles of PPPs and the challenge of risk-sharing. The aim of this study is to encourage the systematic management and strategic control of PPPs in South Africa. In doing so, this study aims to determine how the PPP model can be improved to necessitate effective risk management in PPPs, and to provide for improved strategic control. The study supplies recommendations for improved practice, in both the public and private sectors, through strategic planning and shared apparata in PPP arrangements. Furthermore, the study suggests guidelines for effective risk sharing and management in PPPs, through integrated systems management. Integrated systems management proposes that the strategy, structures, systems and culture of PPPs are entrenched in organisational settings, in both the private and public sector, as well as in the PPP arrangement, to encourage capacity development and more developed institutions in South Africa. Effective risk management in PPPs necessitates the anticipation of risks; sufficient planning to address these risks and achieve project objectives; and, lastly, the entrenching of risk management within the organisation and project structures. The study commences with an overview of the development of public management and conceptual approaches of governance, providing a contextual synthesis of past and current theoretical perspectives. The study conceptualises the theoretical standpoints relevant to PPPs and the labelling of peripheral approaches. The research provides a synopsis of the role and functions of PPPs, international best practices in PPPs, and the nature of risk management in PPPs. This affords a foundation for investigating the trials and issues associated with PPPs and the challenges experienced in managing risks in PPPs. This is augmented with a systematic breakdown of the research design and methodology, to structure the research. In addition, a preliminary quantitative survey assessment is conducted, in order to derive preliminary findings for the primary analysis in the research.

The purpose of this thesis is to disseminate research work done towards a higher degree and report on the findings of the research that was conducted relative to South African Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects. The research investigated perceptions of PPP actors on the performance of operational PPP projects. The aim of the research was to fulfil the requirements for the award of the degree of philosophiae doctor in construction management; contribute to the PPP body of knowledge; contribute further understanding of the performance of PPP projects in South Africa; and develop a systemic model for a sustainable PPP system within the country and beyond. All the aforementioned have been achieved, despite the research limitations as indicated in Chapter 1. A case study approach was adopted to examine various performance aspects of operational South African PPP projects. The research was a multi-case study design. Each individual case study consisted of a ‘whole’ study, in which facts were gathered from the selected PPP projects and conclusions drawn on those facts. A web-based questionnaire was used to capture the experiences and perceptions of various actors involved directly, or indirectly in selected PPP projects. The sample stratum consisted of all operational PPP projects registered in accordance with Treasury Regulations as of December 2005 and other projects that reached financial closure before the Public Finance Management Act of 1999 became effective. PPPs involve highly complex procurement processes, are relatively new in South Africa and to date have attracted limited investigation to refine our understanding of the operational performance of PPP projects. This is notable, as significant financial and other resources are involved, and the perception exists that service delivery in most parts of the country is poor. Key empirical evidence from the research indicates that South Africa has developed a robust policy and regulatory framework for PPPs; has an inadequate level of PPP awareness and training; and lacks the project management capacity to facilitate deal flow. It is suggested that further research be conducted on a yearly basis, preferably every six months, so that trends can be established concerning various aspects of other operational PPPs. Further, it is recommended that the PPP Unit commission sector-specific studies that will conduct further research, to compare research across PPP and non-PPP contracts. The choice to conduct a multi-case study required extensive resources and time beyond the means available to the researcher. Further, the sensitive nature of PPP projects made it difficult to obtain required data at the first attempt. However, the researcher made several follow up calls and reminders before eventually obtaining the required data from the respondents. A systemic PPP model has been developed for PPP implementation and management. This model was tested for appropriateness by conducting a further survey on PPP participants attending an international conference on 'Financing of Infrastructure Development in Africa through Public Private Partnerships’ staged in August 2007, in the St. George Hotel, Johannesburg, South Africa. The findings from this research make an invaluable and original contribution to the PPP body of knowledge, provide insight for further research in this important field, refine the understanding of operational PPP projects, and provide direction for policy and decision makers in the public and private sectors, within South Africa and beyond.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Civil Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.

At a time of reorganization for certain socio-economic paradigms within the Province of Quebec, the public-private duality is in need of a competitive and sustainable collaboration in order to promote and ameliorate public services, provide more controlled levels of risk and lower initial investment costs in such projects. The concept of a public-private partnership is born from a necessity to adapt the structure of the existing systems to better serve the modern demands of users, to replace old and inefficient infrastructures as well as to abet prohibitive financial considerations of the Province of Quebec. Under which circumstances and to which degrees would the private partner in a public-private partnership, having become the custodian of a project serving primarily private interests, be responsible to absorb the risks transferred by the Province of Quebec to the partnership? How can it be assured that the protection of the public interest and inextricable public values links of the public partner are preserved in a public-private partnership? / This thesis is structured into three sections. In the first chapter, we analyze the concept of public private partnerships and the parameters that circumscribe to it. This analysis deals with public services and the public interest. The second chapter defines the concept of accountability while outlining various traits of accountability which may be associated with each member of a public-private partnership as well as with the partnership itself. A more pointed examination then discusses the pitfalls of current systems of accountability within the public-private framework. / Finally, we examine the notional values that the current control mechanisms contribute to a public-private partnership. This analysis indicates that a series of new and renewed control and accountability mechanisms is needed to manage the various idiosyncrasies of a public-private partnership while congruently promoting a balance of interest and vision between the partners of a public private partnerships.

No description available.

This thesis provides an analysis of the co-production of the defense function as provided by the legislative branch, Department of Defense (DoD) and the defense industry at large. The aim of the study will be to examine the evolution of the procurement and contracting process since World War II with a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the increasingly symbiotic relationship between DoD and corporate America. This relationship has evolved significantly over the last halfcentury. It is no longer merely transactional as each side has leveraged the wartime and peacetime interaction to yield upgrades in weapon systems and capabilities that may have been otherwise unattainable in the same time frame. The benefits of this research include the identification and assessment of the intricacies of the DoD-defense industry relationship, particularly with regard to financial management, to elucidate significant trends, and characteristics that pose potential risk and warrant further study.

Master of science in building by advanced coursework and research : A research report submitted to the faculty of engineering and built environment, university of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the master degree od science in building. / In 1997, the South African government introduced Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) as an innovative procurement mechanism, in the form of a policy to regulate the delivery of public assets and services over a protracted period or concession. PPPs involve private sector entities in the form of a consortium or Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), which signs a Project Agreement with Government and takes responsibility for delivering the infrastructure and long-term service though funding, designing, building, operating and maintaining the asset or service for the duration of the concession period. The benefits of this type of procurement arise from the transfer of risk to the private entity, incentivising the entity to deliver value for money (VFM) and creating value by delivering innovative and integrated project solutions, which aim to reduce the whole life cost and maximise functionality of an asset. The aim of this research is to examine the role of facilities management at the design stage in the delivery of office accommodation through the Public Private Partnership (PPP) model and how this could reduce maintenance costs throughout the whole life of the asset. The research consists of one case study on a large and complex office accommodation-type service PPP project. It focuses on the three design defects identified, namely, the reinforced concrete floors, roof skylights and grey water tanks, and how these led to further maintenance costs that could have been avoided if proper facilities management was implemented in the design phase of the PPP. The data obtained is self-report interviews, peer review journals, public and private sector issues project documentation and expert opinions. The findings of the research indicate that the early involvement of facilities in the design phase can potentially mitigate the risk of design defects, reduce the cost of maintenance during the operational phase, improve communication with the professional team and increase the level of accountability. On the other hand, if these conditions are not met the design process suffers, as in this specific case of the headquarters of the accommodation serviced PPP project. 3 The research proved that these is limited literature on the collaboration of facilities management and design in the South African economy, as it is an emerging market which is constantly facing new developments and changes. However, the research proves due to the governance structures of PPPs, the organisation of the different private sector parties in the project development shows limited interaction. This research yielded a number of recommendations for further study of assessing the viability and feasibility of a fully integrated design solution and due to the limited literature in office accommodation service-type PPP projects other case studies of a similar nature must be analysed, in conjunction with further quantitative and qualitative research to confirm the validity of the findings. . / GR2017

A dissertation interim report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Building. / Public Private Partnerships (PPP) are a unique model for countries that wish to deliver infrastructure services to the communities they serve. This unique form of procurement combines the efforts of both the public and private sectors. PPP procurement allows governments with resource constraints to access private sector funds to implement their infrastructure and services delivery programmes. South Africa has taken a decision to adopt PPP’s as an alternative to the traditional form of infrastructure delivery. PPP’s are however a fairly new way of procurement for government departments. The delivery of PPP’s has therefore come with its own unique challenges that need to be addressed in order to make this type of procurement effective. South Africa has adopted world-class PPP procurement guidelines which are on par with those of established PPP markets. The PPP procurement process is outlined in the National Treasury’s PPP Manual and Standardised PPP Provisions. The PPP Manual provides guidelines for the implementation of the full project life-cycle of a PPP. PPP procurement forms an important part of the project lifecycle, and ensures that the outcomes of a PPP are met, being affordability, value for money, and equitable risk transfer for the contracting parties. The aim of this research was two-fold. Firstly, this research aims to investigate the time performance of the procurement process for PPP projects in South Africa. Secondly, the research aims to determine the factors that influence the time performance of the procurement process for these projects. The case study research strategy was identified as the most suitable method of addressing the research aims. The justification of the use of the case study strategy was based on the type of research questions posed, the extent of control the researcher had over behavioural events, and the ability of case studies to address the contemporary as opposed to historical events. In addition, the case study strategy was considered advantageous because it follows a rigorous methodical path that protects against threats of construct, internal and external validity. To this end, four cases were selected for the research. The cases selected were as follows:  Maropeng and Sterkfontein PPP Project;  Department of Statistics South Africa (DSSA) New Head Office Accommodation PPP Project;  Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) New Head Office Accommodation PPP Project; and  Department of Rural Development and Land Reform (DRDLR) New Head Office Accommodation PPP Project. The cases were initially analysed individually, and thereafter a cross-case analysis was conducted. The cross-case analysis was used to identify trends and associations across cases, together with any differences worth highlighting. Analytical procedures were used to analyse the time performance of the PPP procurement process from Request for Qualification (RFQ) to Financial Close. Planned and actual procurement timelines were collected from the PPP procurement documentation (i.e. RFQ and RFP documentation) and the interview respondents respectively. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect qualitative information on the factors that the respondents deemed to have influenced the time performance of the procurement process for the selected cases. The interview questions were based on insights gained from the literature review related to the factors that influence the time performance of the PPP procurement process. It is envisaged that the insights gained from the research will go a long way to improving the time performance of the procurement process for PPP projects in South Africa. An improved time performance of the procurement process can lead to quicker delivery of PPP projects to marginalised communities where the need for infrastructure services is the highest. Keywords: Construction, Procurement, Public Private Partnerships, Time Performance, South Africa.