• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 4
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Morfotaxonomia e filogenia molecular de Pucciniales do Cerrado brasileiro

Souza, Erica Santos do Carmo de 15 December 2016 (has links)
Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, 2016. / Submitted by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-05-22T14:31:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_EricaSantosdoCarmodeSouza.pdf: 133334547 bytes, checksum: 2e18b8674bf5bc7467e63db9f96fe788 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-05-23T15:13:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_EricaSantosdoCarmodeSouza.pdf: 133334547 bytes, checksum: 2e18b8674bf5bc7467e63db9f96fe788 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T15:13:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_EricaSantosdoCarmodeSouza.pdf: 133334547 bytes, checksum: 2e18b8674bf5bc7467e63db9f96fe788 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-22 / A ordem Pucciniales é um componente importante da micobiota do cerrado brasileiro, entretanto pouco se sabe sobre a sua diversidade e as informações até agora obtidas são quase que exclusivamente baseadas em aspectos morfológicos. Os estudos envolvendo a análise molecular e filogenética para fungos causadores de ferrugens no cerrado é escasso. Com o objetivo da ampliação do estudo em termos morfológicos bem como promover algum avanço em termos de suas relações filogenéticas, foram caracterizadas morfologicamente um total de 41 espécies de Pucciniales das quais destas 36 foram caracterizadas molecularmente, entre formas sexuadas e assexuadas, coletadas nos estados de Goiás, Mato Grosso, Maranhão, Minas Gerais e no Distrito Federal. No Cerrado, os fungos causadores de ferrugem foram encontrados em plantas hospedeiras das famílias Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Clusiaceae, Combretaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Loranthaceae, Malpighiaceae Myrtaceae, Rosaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, Solanaceae, Vochysiaceae e Thelypteridaceae. O trabalho consistiu na caracterização, ilustração e complementação de dados de vários espécimes já conhecidos ou não. Neste estudo foram incluídos membros representantes da família Pucciniaceae (Puccinia e Uromyces), Phakopsoraceae (Phakopsora, Batistopsora, Catenulopsora e Crossopssora), Raveneliaceae (Diorchidium, Esalque, Ravenelia e Sphaerophragmium), Uropyxidaceae (Dasyspora, Kimuromyces sp., Mimema, Porotenus e Prospodium) Chaconiaceae (Chaconia e Aplopsora), Pileolariaceae (Skierka) e Phragmidiaceae (Kuehneola). Além disso, foram incluídas no estudo espécies de classificação taxonômica incerta pertencentes aos gêneros Cerradoa e Desmella e alguns espécimes assexuais considerados simplesmente como Aecidium e Uredo. A análise filogenética foi realizada com base na região LSU do rDNA por meio de Inferência Bayesiana envolvendo os espécimes aqui estudados e demais retirados do GenBank relacionados filogeneticamente com as famílias e enraizada por Platygloea disciformis. Esta é a primeira vez que foi realizado um estudo baseado em análises moleculares filogenéticas de Pucciniales do cerrado numa dimensão ampla, envolvendo membros representantes de várias famílias. Aqui foi apresentada de forma inédita a caracterização molecular de vários espécimes fúngicos pertencentes a ordem Pucciniales encontradas em plantas endêmicas e introduzidas no cerrado que enriquecerá o banco de dados do NCBI e muito contribuirá para o estudo e compreensão da filogenia da ordem em estudos posteriores. De forma geral, os dados obtidos possibilitaram o entendimento do posicionamento filogenético de apenas alguns grupos em níveis de gênero e espécies como o caso de membros componentes da família Phakopsoraceae. No presente estudo a maioria das famílias de Pucciniales como Pucciniaceae, Raveneliaceae, Uropyxidaceae e Phakopsoraceae se mostraram polifiléticas, entretanto, os dados obtidos não foram suficientes para o esclarecimento das relações filogenéticas dos membros causadores de ferrugem do cerrado neste nível hierárquico dentro da ordem, havendo a necessidade de aprofundamento das análises filogenéticas principalmente com os grupos mais esclarecidos e atualização nomenclatural de alguns espécimes com classificação taxonômica indefinida. Além disso foi realizada caracterização morfo-molecular e nova nomeação de uma espécie de Uromyces encontrada em Phthirusa stelis (Loranthaceae) e um estudo sobre a interação entre U. euphorbiae com Colletotrichum truncatum, baseado em caracterização morfo-molecular de ambos os fungos envolvidos encontrados em folhas de Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae). Além de aumentar as informações sobre as espécies já conhecidas, o trabalho resultou em novos relatos de ocorrência de membros das Pucciniales em nova hospedeiras e novos locais, prováveis espécies novas, relatos de fase ou fases do ciclo de vida até então inéditas e, finalmente, algumas atualizações nomenclaturais e taxonômicas. / The order Pucciniales is an important component of Brazilian Cerrado micobiota, although few is known about its biodiversity and the existent information is almost exclusively based on morphological aspects. Studies of rust fungi involving molecular and phylogenetic analysis in the Cerrado are scarce. In order to increase the morphological knowledge and promote some advance in the understandment of their phylogenetic relationships, a total of 41 Pucciniales species were morphologically characterized, among which 36 were also mollecularly characterized, including sexual and assexual forms. The specimens were collected in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Maranhão, Minas Gerais and Distrito Federal. In the Cerrado, the rust fungi were found inhabiting plants of the families Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Clusiaceae, Combretaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Loranthaceae, Malpighiaceae Myrtaceae, Rosaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, Solanaceae, Vochysiaceae and Thelypteridaceae. This study consisted in the characterization, illustration and complementation of data about many specimens previously known or unknown. In this study were included members of Pucciniaceae (Puccnia and Uromyces), Phakopsoraceae (Phakopsora, Batistopsora, Catenulopsora and Crossopsora), Raveneliaceae (Diorchidium, Esalque, Ravenelia and Sphaerophragmium), Uropyxidaceae (Dasyspora, Kimuromyces, Mimema, Porotenus and Prospodium) Chaconiaceae (Chaconia and Aplopsora), Pileolariaceae (Skierka) and Phragmidiaceae (Kuehneola). Besides, in this study they were included some species of uncertain taxonomic classification belonging to the genera Cerradoa and Desmella and some assexual specimens simply considered as Aecidium and Uredo. The phylogenetic analysis based on LSU region of rDNA was realized using Bayesian Inference and included the specimens studied here and more related species obtained from GenBank and the tree was rooted with Platygloea disciformis. This is the first time that a broad study based on molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Pucciniales from Cerrado is realized, including representative members of many families. Here it was presented the molecular characterization of many fungal specimens belonging to Pucciniales inhabiting endemic and exotic plants in the Cerrado, which will enrich NCBI database and contribute to study and comprehension of phyiogeny of this order in posterior studies. In general, the data obtained enabled the understandment about phylogenetic placement of some groups at genera and species level, as observed in Phakopsoraceae. The majority of families as Pucciniaceae, Raveneliaceae, Uropyxidaceae and Phakopsoraceae were poliphyletic, although data were insufficient to clarify the phylogenetic relationship among rust fungi at this taxonomic level. So, it is necessary to intensify the phylogenetic analysis specially with groups more clarified and to update the nomenclature of some specimens with uncertain taxonomic classification. Furthermore, it was realized the morpho-molecular characterization and naming of a new species of Uromyces founded in Phthirusa stelis (Loranthaceae) and the study of interaction between U. euphorbiae and Colletotrichum truncation based on morphomolecular characterization of both fungi inhabiting leaves of Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae). In addition to increase the disponible information about species already known, this study resulted in new records of occurence of Pucciniales in new hosts and locals, problable new species, record of stadium or life cycle stadium unknown until now and, finally, some nomenclatural and taxonomic actualizations.
2

Fungos causadores de ferrugens (pucciniales) em plantas do clado fabideas no estado do Amapá, Brasil

PIOVEZAN, Patrícia Maria Barros 29 June 2018 (has links)
Ministério da Educação, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Comunicação, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi / Pucciniales fungi comprise biotrophic phytoparasites that cause rust on plants and it is classified in the Pucciniomycetes class of the Basidiomycota phylum. These fungi have high host specificity and parasitize several plant species. The objective of this work was to carry out taxonomic studies of Pucciniales species occuring on plants of the Fabid clade in the state of Amapá and investigating the association between host plant species and parasite fungus. To this end, taxonomic studies were carried out on rust specimens from herbaria MG and HAMAB, and material available in the MPEG Mycology laboratory collected in nine localities of the state of Amapá between 1987 and 2014. Identification of rust fungi was based on host specificity, morphological analysis of sori and spores, and on specialized literature. Twenty-seven species of the order Pucciniales were identified, classified into 15 genera and six families: Chaconiaceae (Chaconia Juel, Maravalia Arthur and Olivea Arthur), Pileolariaceae (Atelocauda Arthur & Cummins), Pucciniaceae (Puccinia Pers. and Uromyces (Link) Unger), Phakopsoraceae (Cerotelium Arthur, Crossopsora Syd. & P. Syd. and Phakopsora Dietel), Raveneliaceae (Apra J.F. Hennen & F.O. Freire, Dicheirinia Arthur and Ravenelia Berk.), Uropyxidaceae (Sorataea Syd.), and two anamorphic genera, Aecidium Pers. and Uredo Pers. These rust species were associated to 25 genera and nine families of the Fabid clade (Chrysobalanaceae, Clusiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Malpighiaceae, Moraceae, Passifloraceae, Phyllantaceae and Rhamnaceae). Fabaceae was the family that stood out, with 12 genera parasitized by 13 rust species. New records were identified to the Brazilian Amazon (Uromyces desmodiicola Jørst.), and for Amapá state (Aecidium byrsonimatis Henn., Aecidium passifloricola Henn., Aecidium vinnulum H.S. Jacks. & Holw., Chaconia brasiliensis Y. Ono & J.F. Hennen, Chaconia clusiae Berndt., Phakopsora tomentosae F.A. Ferreira & Gasparotto, Uredo pusilla F. Kern, Thurst. & Whetzel and Uredo ulei Henn.). Three probable new taxa for science were identified (Aecidium sp., Sorataea sp. and Uromyces sp.). Descriptions, geographic distribution and taxonomic comments are provided for the identified Pucciniales species. Identification keys to rust species were elaborated, when more than one species occurred on the same host plant family. This study increased the knowledge on Pucciniales fungi in the Amapá state and represents a contribution to the knowledge of the microdiversity of the Amazon biome. / Fungos Pucciniales são fitoparasitas biotróficos, causadores de ferrugens em plantas e estão classificados na classe Pucciniomycetes do filo Basidiomycota. Estes fungos possuem alta especificidade quanto aos seus hospedeiros, parasitando várias espécies vegetais. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar taxonomicamente espécies de Pucciniales que ocorrem em plantas do clado Fabideas, no estado do Amapá, e associar a planta hospedeira ao fungo parasita. Para isso, foram realizados estudos taxonômicos de espécimes de ferrugens disponíveis nos herbários MG e HAMAB, e de coleções disponíveis no laboratório de Micologia do MPEG, procedentes de coletas realizadas em nove municípios do estado do Amapá, no período entre 1987 e 2014. A identificação das ferrugens foi baseada na especificidade em relação à planta hospedeira, na análise morfológica dos soros e esporos e na literatura especializada. Foram identificadas 27 espécies da ordem Pucciniales, distribuídas em 15 gêneros e seis famílias: Chaconiaceae (Chaconia Juel, Maravalia Arthur e Olivea Arthur), Pileolariaceae (Atelocauda Arthur & Cummins), Pucciniaceae (Puccinia Pers. e Uromyces (Link) Unger), Phakopsoraceae (Cerotelium Arthur, Crossopsora Syd. & P. Syd. e Phakopsora Dietel), Raveneliaceae (Apra J.F. Hennen & F.O. Freire, Dicheirinia Arthur e Ravenelia Berk.), Uropyxidaceae (Sorataea Syd.), e dois gêneros anamorfos, Aecidium Pers. e Uredo Pers. Estas espécies de ferrugem estão associadas a 25 gêneros e nove famílias do clado Fabideas (Chrysobalanaceae, Clusiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Malpighiaceae, Moraceae, Passifloraceae, Phyllantaceae e Rhamnaceae). Fabaceae destacou-se apresentando 12 gêneros parasitados por 13 espécies de ferrugens. Novos registros foram identificados para Amazônia brasileira (Uromyces desmodiicola Jørst.), e para o estado do Amapá (Aecidium byrsonimatis Henn., Aecidium passifloricola Henn., Aecidium vinnulum H.S. Jacks. & Holw., Chaconia brasiliensis Y. Ono & J.F. Hennen, Chaconia clusiae Berndt., Phakopsora tomentosae F.A. Ferreira & Gasparotto, Uredo pusilla F. Kern, Thurst. & Whetzel e Uredo ulei Henn.). Três prováveis novos táxons para a ciência foram identificados (Aecidium sp., Sorataea sp. e Uromyces sp.). Apresenta-se as descrições, distribuição geográfica e comentários taxonômicos para as espécies de Pucciniales identificadas, assim como chaves de identificação das ferrugens foram elaboradas para famílias de plantas hospedeiras com mais de uma espécie. Este estudo amplia o conhecimento sobre a riqueza de fungos Pucciniales do estado do Amapá e contribui também para o conhecimento da micodiversidade do bioma Amazônia.
3

Populační biologie rostlin napadených systémovými parazity / Populační biologie rostlin napadených systémovými parazity

Koubek, Tomáš January 2011 (has links)
Three separate studies of the effect of plant pathogen on population biology of its host are presented in the thesis. Two are using field data about a widespread system of plant Falcaria vulgaris and its systemic rust fungus Puccinia sii-falcariae. The first study shows, that the disease prevalences in 40 populations of the plant were correlated with the moisture, the soil reaction and the cover of the herb layer at the localities. This was probably a result of the interaction of the life history of the plant and different effect the disease has at various localities. Similar pattern was found in the second study that aimed to determine long-term effect of the disease at the population level at four chosen localities over 4-5 years. Population growth rates were only rarely predicted to be higher for the healthy part of the population when compared with the whole population. Other analyses have however found big differences among years and localities. The locality type (slope vs. field populations) was important factor influencing population stage composition and importance of life cycle transitions for the growth of the population. Finally, the last study explores the possibility that systemic infection in clonal plants might be able to select against clonality. The result of the modelling showed that more...
4

Analyse moléculaire de l’interaction entre peupliers et Melampsora spp. par des approches génomiques et fonctionnelles / Molecular analysis of the poplar-Melampsora spp. interaction using genomics and functional approaches

Lorrain, Cécile 28 March 2018 (has links)
La maladie de la rouille foliaire du peuplier causée par des champignons du genre Melampsora (Pucciniales, Basidiomycètes) affecte largement les peupleraies en France. Ces champignons possèdent des cycles de vie complexes et infectent deux hôtes différents. La sécrétion de molécules appelées effecteurs est nécessaire lors du processus d'infection par le champignon afin de manipuler les processus de l’hôte et de contourner son immunité. La compréhension de leur rôle est centrale en phytopathologie moléculaire. Au cours de cette thèse, l’analyse du transcriptome de Melampsora larici-populina (Mlp) au cours de son cycle sexué lors de l'infection des deux hôtes, le peuplier et le mélèze, révèle la présence d'une majorité de gènes exprimés communément chez les deux hôtes et d'une fraction exprimée spécifiquement chez chaque hôte, notamment des gènes codant des effecteurs candidats. Des cribles fonctionnels réalisés sur un répertoire d’effecteurs candidats de Mlp ont révélé deux candidats d’intérêt. L’effecteur MLP124017 interagit avec des protéines de la famille TOPLESS-RELATED PROTEINS et présente une structure similaire à des protéines NUCLEAR TRANSPORT FACTOR 2 LIKE. L'effecteur MLPCTP1 est localisé dans les chloroplastes en système hétérologue tabac et chez le peuplier. Les fonctions de ces effecteurs restent à élucider mais ces travaux ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives quant à la diversité et au rôle des effecteurs chez les Pucciniales. L'analyse préliminaire du génome de M. allii-populina montre des répertoires comparables en gènes et en effecteurs candidats par rapport à Mlp ainsi qu'une expansion de la taille du génome due à l’invasion par des éléments transposables / The poplar rust disease is caused by fungi belonging to the Melampsora genus (Pucciniales, Basiodiomycota) that cause important damages in poplar plantations in France. These fungi achieve their complex life cycles on two different host plants. The secretion of molecules called effectors that alter cell processes and impair immunity are required to set a successful infection. A central theme of molecular phytopathology is to understand how these molecules function in the host cell. In this PhD thesis, the transcriptome analysis of M. larici-populina (Mlp) during its sexual cycle while infecting its two host plants, poplar and larch, revealed a majority of genes commonly expressed on both hosts and a fraction specifically expressed on each host, including genes encoding candidate effectors. Effectoromic screens developed on a panel of Mlp candidate effectors revealed two candidates of interest. The candidate effector MLP124017 interacts with proteins of the TOPLESS-RELATED PROTEINS family and presents a structure similar to NUCLEAR TRANSPORT FACTOR 2 LIKE proteins. The MLPCTP1 effector is translocated inside chloroplasts of the heterologous plant tobacco and poplar. The functions of these two effectors remain to be determined but the functional characterization initiated in this thesis opens new perspectives in term of diversity and roles of effectors in Pucciniales. The preliminary analysis of the M. allii-populina genome shows similar repertoires of genes and candidate effector genes compared with Mlp as well as an increased genome size due to transposable elements invasion

Page generated in 0.0547 seconds