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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Kolonizace lidských plic nepatogenními streptomycetami / Colonization of human lung by non-pathogenic streptomycetes

Herbrík, Andrej January 2019 (has links)
Streptomycetes, primary soil saprophytic microorganisms are at the center of interest in many research groups, mainly because of their ability to produce a wide range of biologically active substances useful in medicine, biotechnology and agriculture. The marginal, and little explored areas are the interactions that streptomycetes create with humans. Recent metagenomic studies have shown that streptomycetes colonize the skin, the respiratory and possibly the urogenital tract of humans. In addition to apparent pathogens such as S. somaliensis and S. sudanensis, the clinical impact of these streptomycetes on human health is unknown. For this reason, a unique collection of non-pathogenic streptomycetes isolated from human clinical specimens was developed. The isolates were collected by the National Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Actinomycetes in Trutnov, Czech Republic. On the basis of pilot studies, an isolate labeled TR42 was selected from the Trutnov collection, showing a very broad spectrum of biological activities. This strain was isolated from sputum from a patient with unknown respiratory diagnosis. The TR42 strain exhibits considerable biotechnological potential and after following a thorough study, it could be a source of new biologically active substances with pharmaceutically...
2

Le microbiome bactérien pulmonaire dans l'asthme équin

Fillion-Bertrand, Gabrielle 12 1900 (has links)
Le microbiome bactérien constitue l’ensemble des bactéries retrouvées au sein d’un espace. Le rôle du microbiome pulmonaire dans l’asthme est mal défini, mais il est maintenant établi que celui de patients asthmatiques diffère de celui d’individus sains. Cependant, l’influence des conditions environnementales et de la médication sur le microbiome pulmonaire est méconnue et leurs effets difficiles à contrôler chez l’humain. De plus, la stabilité du microbiome dans le temps demeure controversée. L’hypothèse de l’étude est que les microbiomes pulmonaire, nasal et oral de chevaux non-médicamentés varient avec l’environnement et que le statut asthmatique affecte principalement le microbiome pulmonaire. Six chevaux atteints d’asthme équin sévère et 6 chevaux sains ont été gardés dans 3 environnements distincts (exposition antigénique faible, modérée et élevée). Dans chaque environnement, la fonction pulmonaire a été évaluée et des lavages bronchoalvéolaires (LBA), oraux et nasals ont été prélevés. La région V4 du gène de l’ARN ribosomal 16S a été séquencée (Illumina MiSeq 4) et analysée à l’aide du logiciel Mothur et du progiciel Vegan dans R. Les communautés bactériennes pulmonaires, orales et nasales sont fortement regroupées par conditions environnementales et l’effet de l’environnement est plus marqué chez les chevaux sains. Le microbiome pulmonaire des chevaux asthmatiques diffère de celui des chevaux sains au niveau taxonomique de la famille, avec une tendance à une surreprésentation des Pasteurellaceae, contrairement aux microbiomes nasal et oral qui ne sont pas différents entre les deux groupes. Les familles bactériennes Neisseriaceae, Lachnospiraceae et Bacteroidaceae, dont certaines espèces sont potentiellement pathogènes, ont été seulement retrouvées dans les LBAs de chevaux asthmatiques. Cette étude montre que les microbiomes bactériens pulmonaires des chevaux sains et asthmatiques ne recevant pas de médication sont différents et varient selon le niveau d’exposition antigénique. Cette différence étant présente principalement lorsque les chevaux asthmatiques ont une inflammation pulmonaire suggère que le microbiome pulmonaire altéré dans l’asthme n’est pas inhérent, mais coïncide avec l’inflammation pulmonaire. Le rôle du microbiome dans la perpétuation de l’inflammation reste à investiguer. / Bacterial microbiome is defined as the whole bacterial population found within a space. The role of the pulmonary microbiome in asthma is poorly defined, but it is now well established that the one of asthmatic patients differs from that of healthy individuals. However, the influence of environmental conditions and medication on pulmonary microbiome is poorly known and effects difficult to control in humans. Moreover, microbiome stability over time remains controversial. The hypothesis of this study is that the pulmonary, nasal and oral microbiomes of unmedicated horses vary with the environment and that asthmatic status does affect the pulmonary microbiome. Six horses with severe equine asthma and 6 healthy horses were kept in 3 distinct environments (low, moderate and high antigen exposure). In each environment, pulmonary function has been evaluated and bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs), nasal and oral washes were collected. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced (Illumina MiSeq 4) and analyzed using the Mothur software and the Vegan package in R. Pulmonary, oral and nasal bacterial communities are strongly grouped by environmental conditions and the effect of the environment is more pronounced in healthy horses. The pulmonary microbiome of asthmatic horses differs from that of healthy horses at the family level of taxonomic designation, with a tendency towards an overrepresentation of Pasteurellaceae, unlike nasal and oral microbiomes which are not different between the two groups. The bacterial families Neisseriaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidaceae with pathogenic potential were only found in the BALs of asthmatic horses. This study shows that the lung bacterial microbiomes of healthy and asthmatic horses receiving no medication are different and vary accordingly to the antigenic exposure level. This difference is present mainly when asthmatic horses have a strong pulmonary inflammation which suggest that the altered pulmonary microbiome is not inherent but coincident with pulmonary inflammation. Its role in the perpetuation of inflammation remains to be investigated.

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