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M.S.

M.S.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if high loadings of semi-chemical pulp mill waste could be processed in a pilot plant by anaerobic digestion. / Master of Science

Coagulation studies were conducted to determine an appropriate treatment approach to remove color and organic carbon from the pulp and paper wastes from the Union Camp Corporation, Franklin, Va. Based on a preliminary analysis of the data collected during this research, either alum or ferric chloride may be used to remove color from pulp and paper wastes. An effluent with final residual color less than 5 color units can be generated using PAC treatment after flocculating certain waste streams with alum or ferric chloride. Higher molecular weight organics (above 5K mass units) showed a near complete removal by coagulation. It is expected that alum coagulation would involve a lesser cost in pH adjustment as compared to ferric chloride coagulation. Alum sludge dewatered and thickened more rapidly than the iron sludge; however, after mechanical dewatering, the alum cake had a slightly greater moisture content than the sludge produced after ferric chloride coagulation. / Master of Science

A comparison of the physical and mechanical properties of paper obtained from pulps beaten ultrasonically and mechanically was made at different Canadian standard freeness levels. / Master of Science

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the use of NUCHAR activated carbon and aluminum sulfate as agents for removing a significant amount of color V from the caustic extraction waste of a sulfate pulp process. After a thorough search of the related literature was completed, experimental tests were conducted using activated carbon and aluminum sulfate. Fourteen tests employing activated carbon were made at 25 °C, pH values of waste ranging from 3 to 11.4, carbon content of 0.1 and 0.3 gram per 100 milliliters of waste, and stirring times of 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes. Treatment of the waste with aluminum sulfate was s conducted at temperatures of 25, 60, 61, and 62 °C, pH values of waste of 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, and alum additions of 0.6, 0.0, 1.2, and 1.5 grams alum per liter of undiluted waste, Stirring time for these e treatments was 5 minutes at 75 revolutions per minute and 25 minutes at 45 revolutions per minute. Filtration of the sludge from alum coagulation of the caustic waste was performed through a sand bed and by vacuum through filter aid. Filtration through filter aid indicates a greater possibility of development into a workable process. It was concluded from this investigation that NUGHAR CEE-N activated carbon will not remove a significant amount of color free the caustic waste at the above conditions, but alum coagulation of the waste at pH of 6, temperature of 25 °C„ alum dosage of 1.5 gram per liter of waste, and stirring of 5 minutes and 25 minutes at 75 and 45 revolutions per minute, respectively, will decrease the color content of the waste approximately 90 per cent. / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T14:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 597170 bytes, checksum: b5393c045719ef7bc2a909daf913b77a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-26 / The pursuit of competitiveness in the current scenario of the pulp industries is a major challenge for companies. Join the efficiency in the process of implementation of forests, silviculture, harvesting, wood logisticsand pulp cellulose logistics results in a complex matrix in industries with high production capacity. The combination of large areas of forests, modern and efficient plants, good capacity for movement of raw materials and the production and relentless pursuit of low operating costs are almost always divergent factors. Fit management teams to conduct detailed each process relating them to the specific characteristics of the regions in which they operate, thus defining the best ways to deal with obstacles studies. Accordingly, this study was undertaken, in order to identify concepts aimed at maintenance efficiency in modern industry, always directed to the new reality of the sector, which is the deployment of high capacity, far from large industrial centers factories. Additionally were raised core services applicable to this type of industry and examined the relationship of efficiency with this new reality. Finally we tried to study various processes considered relevant for new pulp and relate factors focused on maintenance of equipment and facilities, such that focal points can be identified with possible action taken facing the pursuit of efficiency. The analysis of these factors was taken by professionals with experience in manufacturing pulp, beyond the requirements of the search for literature review and empirical evidence for processing of proposals relations. The study confirmed the need for an efficient structure maintenance in factories and allowed us to identify the degree of importance of maintenance planning in maintenance efficiency in pulp mills. / A busca da competitividade no atual cenário das indústrias de celulose é um grande desafio para as empresas do setor. Associar a eficiência nos processos de implantação de florestas, silvicultura, colheita, logística de madeira, produção de celulose e logística de celulose resulta em uma matriz complexa no caso de indústrias com alta capacidade de produção. A combinação de grandes áreas de florestas, fábricas modernas e eficientes, boa capacidade para movimentação de matéria prima e da produção e a busca incansável pelo baixo custo operacional são fatores quase sempre divergentes. Cabe às equipes de gestão a realização de estudos detalhados de cada processo relacionando-os com as características específicas das regiões em que atuam, definindo, assim as melhores formas de tratar os obstáculos encontrados. Nesse sentido, foi conduzido este estudo, com objetivo de identificar conceitos voltados à eficiência da manutenção na indústria moderna, sempre direcionados à nova realidade do setor, que é a implantação de fábricas de alta capacidade, longe dos grandes centros industriais. Associado a isto foram levantados os principais serviços aplicáveis a este tipo de indústria e verificada a relação de eficiência com esta nova realidade. Por fim procurou-se estudar diversos processos considerados relevantes para nova indústria de celulose e relacionar fatores voltados à manutenção dos equipamentos e instalações, de tal forma que possam ser identificados pontos focais com possíveis tomadas de ação voltadas a busca de eficiência. A análise destes fatores foi feita por profissionais com experiência no setor industrial de celulose, além da busca por requisitos da revisão de literatura e de evidências empíricas para tratamento das relações propostas. O estudo confirmou a necessidade de uma estrutura eficiente de manutenção nas fábricas e permitiu identificar o grau de importância do planejamento da manutenção na eficiência da manutenção nas fábricas de celulose.

Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters in Technology: Business Administration, Durban University of Technology, 2013. / Leadership is defined as a process by which an individual attempts to influence other group members towards achieving group goals. Leadership is also viewed as a process which people use to bring out the best in themselves and others. National culture is said to play a pivotal role in determining the effectiveness of leadership styles. Literature on leadership identifies transformational leadership, transactional leadership and laissez-faire leadership as the three common leadership styles in the current climate, with transformational leadership and transactional leadership being the most dominant. Literature suggests that an employee’s job satisfaction is strongly influenced by leadership style. Current leadership styles are related to job satisfaction by varying degrees. Several studies have indicated that transformational leadership results in higher levels of job satisfaction than transactional or laissez-faire leadership. The overall aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between leadership styles and employee job satisfaction levels within the organisation. A quantitative study was conducted to accomplish the objectives of the study. Questionnaires were administered to employees within the selected target population in the organisation. The data received were analysed using statistical packages. The results of the study show that there are statistically significant relationships between overall transactional leadership and job satisfaction, overall transformational leadership and job satisfaction and laissez-faire leadership and job satisfaction. However, two attributes of transformational leadership best explain job satisfaction. Intellectual stimulation contributed most to explaining job satisfaction, followed by individualised consideration. The remaining attributes of transformational leadership, transactional leadership and laissez-faire contribution to job satisfaction.

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