L'imagerie médicale échographique présente plusieurs avantages comme son innocuité, sa facilité d'emploi, la diversité des organes concernés et le faible coût de ce mode d'imagerie. Cependant les images obtenues par échographique souffrent d'une résolution plutôt faible comparées à celle que l'on peut obtenir avec un appareil d'IRM ou en utilisant des rayons X. Le défi majeur de l'échographie médicale est donc de réussir à produire des images avec une résolution beaucoup plus fine, à fréquence nominale fixe.Des travaux ont été entrepris dans ce sens depuis longtemps. Plusieurs pistes ont été explorées. La majorité des travaux effectués jusqu'à présent a consisté à travailler sur l'échographe et particulièrement sur les sondes ultrasonores, avec principalement pour objectif d'augmenter la fréquence des ultrasons utilisés. Cette approche a conduit à l'existence de l'échographie haute résolution, avec cependant une limite importante qui est celle de la profondeur d'exploration.Une autre approche consiste à traiter numériquement des images échographiques classiques pour améliorer leur résolution. Cette méthode a plusieurs avantages, elle permet notamment de contourner la difficulté causée par la réduction de profondeur de champ liée à l'augmentation de la fréquence ultrasonore.Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une méthode permettant d'améliorer la résolution des images échographiques. Le travail de thèse à consister à adapter cette méthode à l'imagerie échographique et à proposer une estimation de la résolution théorique maximale atteinte par cette méthode en fonction de paramètres de l'image dont le SNR, et la largeur de bande de la PSF. Nous avons également proposé une méthode de superrésolution adaptée aux ultrasons. Par son apport sur l'amélioration théorique de la superrésolution et par l'adaptation au cas particulier de l'imagerie ultrasonore, ce travail de thèse ouvre des perspectives sur l'amélioration de la résolution des images échographiques par traitement du signal et de l'image. / Medical Imaging Ultrasound has several advantages such as its safety, ease of use, the diversity of organs that can be imaged and the low cost of this imaging mode. However, the images obtained by ultrasound suffer from relatively low resolution compared to others than can be obtain with an MRI or using X-rays. The major challenge of medical ultrasound is the ability to produce images with a resolution much finer, without modifying the nominal frequency.Work has been undertaken in this direction for some time. Several approaches have been explored. Most of the work done so far has been to work on the ultrasound acquiring device and particularly on ultrasonic probes, with main objective to increase the frequency of ultrasound used. This approach has led to the existence of high-resolution ultrasound, but with the reduction of the depth of exploration as an important limitation.Another approach is to treat numerically conventional ultrasound images to improve resolution. This method has several advantages, it allows to circumvent such difficulties caused by the reduction of depth of field due to the increase in the ultrasonic frequency.In this thesis, we present a method to improve the resolution of ultrasound images. The thesis to be to adapt this method to ultrasound imaging and to provide an estimate of the maximum theoretical resolution achieved by this method based on image parameters including SNR and the bandwidth of the PSF. We also proposed a method of superresolution suitable for ultrasound. By providing on improving theoretical superresolution and adaptation to the particular case of ultrasound, this thesis opens up on improving the resolution of ultrasound images by processing the signal and the image.

The foundation stone of this thesis is to perform a financial analysis of Czech non-financial companies for the years from 2007 to 2009 in order to evaluate development of the basic groups of financial analysis ratios before and after the outbreak of the financial crisis. Based on this analysis, I analyze the changes of the selected ratios in relation with the macroeconomic development. This is carried out by means of the description in words and for some significant changes using correlation analysis with GDP. The analysis results in the findings that the changes of ratios of return on assets and return on equity were negative in the analyzed period and for each year the factors of these changes are tracked using the pyramidal decomposition. In the statistical part of my thesis I partially succeeded in proving linear correlation between return on assets and GDP and a lower confidence level linear correlation between personnel cost to revenues ratio and GDP. Also, there were some correlations between individual ratios found to be significant.

The master thesis deals with business performance and various approaches to its measurement with the emphasis on value management. The aim is to analyze the value creation and the performance of the company Kronomech, spol. s r.o. Then identify strategic factors affecting the value of the company, including the proposal of measures for its growth. The theoretical part focuses on indicators and models to allow assessment of business performance. These indicators are then applied in the practical part on the selected company. Attention is focused on the indicator of economic value added and the models investigating the financial position of the company. The overall economic performance of the company is evaluated, including consideration of nonfinancial indicators. The final part contains formulated measures that will lead to the consolidation of the financial health and to improve the performance of the selected company.

The goal of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the total cost ratio in relation to corporate efficiency. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with basic terms of cost, financial and managerial concept of costs and different approaches to classification of costs. In this part the principle of corporate efficiency is explained and the difference methods of measuring of efficiency are mentioned. The practical part of this thesis is oriented primarily to describing development of costs in company and determination of most important cost items. This part also focuses on the calculation of profitability indicators and pyramidal decomposition of ROE. After this, the influence of sub-indicators to top-indicator was evaluated by using the gradual change method. The ROE was changed between years 2015 and 2016 by -0,1050 CZK. By using the gradual change method, it was determined, that this change was mostly caused by total cost ratio of production con-sumption, because it is the most important cost item in company. The influence of production consump-tion was -0,1078 CZK. Therefore, if the company plans to improve its efficiency and increase profits, the total cost ratio of the production consumption must be better manage.