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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Sele??o sexual e modelagem visual em Ameivula ocellifera

Lisboa, Carolina Maria Cardoso Aires 21 June 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-22T21:32:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaMariaCardosoAiresLisboa_TESE.pdf: 1706951 bytes, checksum: 90ca20bb2b95d79b8d221d1fdf02ddc8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-24T22:51:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaMariaCardosoAiresLisboa_TESE.pdf: 1706951 bytes, checksum: 90ca20bb2b95d79b8d221d1fdf02ddc8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-24T22:51:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaMariaCardosoAiresLisboa_TESE.pdf: 1706951 bytes, checksum: 90ca20bb2b95d79b8d221d1fdf02ddc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A sele??o sexual ? respons?vel pela evolu??o de diversos sinais visuais consp?cuos utilizados na comunica??o intra e interespec?fica de in?meras esp?cies. Os lagartos t?m sistema visual com fotorreceptores que s?o sens?veis aos comprimentos de onda UV, e algumas esp?cies utilizam ornamentos de cor UV na comunica??o. Neste estudo, utilizamos espectrofotometria para obter evid?ncias de ornamenta??o UV em lagartos Ameivula ocellifera. Utilizando um aparato experimental em formato de arena, obtivemos evid?ncias do papel da sinaliza??o UV na sele??o sexual (prefer?ncia de f?meas e competi??o entre machos). Nossos resultados revelaram que a sinaliza??o UV ? importante na prefer?ncia de f?meas, uma vez que as mesmas exibem prefer?ncia por machos com maior reflect?ncia UV em rela??o aos machos com reflect?ncia experimentalmente reduzida. Tamb?m descobrimos que os machos com UV reduzido n?o foram mais propensos a perder disputas do que os controle, embora quanto maior a diferen?a de reflect?ncia UV entre os pares, menor o tempo de avalia??o entre os rivais antes do combate. Para avaliar se os sinais de cor s?o informativos da qualidade, testamos dois ornamentos de machos de A. ocellifera contra tra?os morfol?gicos e desempenho fisiol?gico. Descobrimos que machos maiores apresentaram comprimentos de onda UV e m?dio mais intensos nos ocelos dorsolaterais e, em contraste, os machos de cabe?a menor tiveram o croma UV mais intenso nas escamas ventrais exteriores (EVEs). Conclu?mos que a mesma caracter?stica de cor transmite diferentes mensagens dependendo da posi??o do sinal no corpo dos lagartos, sendo um indicativo de estrat?gias alternativas de sinaliza??o. Al?m disso, um maior brilho nas EVEs foi associado a maior for?a de mordida, sendo este um sinal confi?vel de capacidade de luta do macho. Esses resultados sugerem que existe um sistema de sinaliza??o m?ltipla na esp?cie. Por fim, modelamos os sistemas visuais de A. ocellifera e de dois tipos de predadores (ave de rapina e serpente) para descobrir como as manchas de colora??o s?o percebidas e explorar as consequ?ncias da colora??o consp?cua em termos de press?es seletivas. Encontramos dicromatismo entre os sexos, com a reflect?ncia UV de machos mais vis?veis e altamente distingu?veis dos das f?meas a partir do sistema visual de A. ocellifera. Os sinais UV foram altamente percept?veis quando em contraste com a colora??o do corpo e do ambiente natural para A. ocellifera e, menos mas ainda percept?veis, para os predadores, concordando com a hip?tese da condu??o sensorial. Esta tese esclarece o papel dos sinais sexuais e sua import?ncia nas comunica??es intra e interespec?ficas em lagartos. Nossas descobertas baseiam futuros estudos sobre evolu??o e comportamento e expandem o conhecimento acerca das sele??es natural e sexual propostas por Darwin. / Sexual selection is responsible for the evolution of many conspicuous visual signals used in intra and interspecific communication of innumerous species. Lizards have acute visual systems with retinal photoreceptors that are sensitive to UV wavelengths, and some species use UV colour ornaments for communication. In this study, we used UV full-spectrum reflectance spectrophotometry to collect data from Ameivula ocellifera UV structural colouration. Using an arena-form experimental set, we obtained evidence for the role of UV signaling in sexual selection (mate choice and male-male interactions). Our results showed that UV chroma is important in female association preference, as females exhibit spatial preference for males of higher UV reflectance over males with experimentally reduced UV reflectance. We also found that A. ocellifera males with experimentally reduced UV reflectance were not more likely to lose contests than control males, although bigger the difference of UV reflectance between pairs, smaller the evaluation time between rivals before the contest. We also tested two male ornaments in A. ocellifera against morphological traits and physiological performance to assess whether colour signals are informative for male quality traits. We found that larger males had more intense short (UV) and medium wavelength chroma on dorsolateral eyespots and, in contrast, smaller-headed males had more intense UV chroma on outer ventral scales (OVS). We concluded that the same colour trait convey different messages depending on the body position of the signal, perhaps indicative of alternative signalling strategies. Moreover, higher brightness on OVS signals were associated with stronger bite force, being a reliable signal of fighting ability. These results suggest that there is a multiple signalling system in our model species. Finally, we modeled the visual system of A. ocellifera, snake and avian predators to access how colour patches appear to the receivers. We found that there are dichromatism between sexes, with UV signals of males more conspicuous in reflectance and highly distinguishable from females to conspecifics visual system. UV signals were highly perceptible from body colouration and from natural background to conspecifics and less but still perceptible to predators, agreeing with sensory drive hypothesis. This thesis enlighten the role of sexual signals and their importance on intra and interspecific communications in lizards. Our findings support further studies on evolution and behavior and expand the knowledge on natural and sexual selections initiated by Darwin.

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