Orientador: Ronei Jesus Poppi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T19:01:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_IngridKomorizonode_M.pdf: 6898312 bytes, checksum: 2d635a3b5378ed641231dd6d196d33f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Cartas de controle multivariadas em conjunto com espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo foram desenvolvidas para avaliar a qualidade de misturas diesel/biodiesel (98% de diesel e 2% de biodiesel). Três cartas foram desenvolvidas baseadas no sinal analítico líquido (NAS): a cartas NAS que corresponde ao analito de interesse (biodiesel nesse caso), a carta de interferente que corresponde a contribuição de outros compostos na amostra (diesel nesse caso) e a carta de resíduos que corresponde a variação não-sistemática. Para cada carta, limites estatísticos foram desenvolvidos utilizando amostras dentro das especificações de qualidade. Foi possível identificar amostras de misturas diesel/biodiesel que estavam fora das especificações relativas à quantidade de biodiesel, biodiesel contaminado com óleo vegetal e diesel contaminado com gasolina. No presente trabalho também foi desenvolvido um modelo de calibração multivariada para a determinação do valor de acidez de biodiesel degradado a partir de espectros na região do infravermelho próximo. O valor de acidez, um dos parâmetros de qualidade do biodiesel, está relacionado com o grau de degradação do biodiesel. O modelo desenvolvido foi baseado no método dos mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS) e validado baseando-se nos cálculos de figuras de mérito. Resultados bastante satisfatórios foram obtidos com erros abaixo de 3,4% e limites de detecção e quantificação de 0,018 e 0,059 mg KOH/g, respectivamente / Abstract: Multivariate control charts in jointly with near infrared spectroscopy were developed to verify the quality of biodiesel blends (2% of biodiesel and 98% of diesel). The control charts were built using the net analyte signal, generating three charts: the NAS chart that corresponds to the analyte of interest (biodiesel in this case), the interference chart that corresponds to the contribution of other compounds in the sample (diesel in this case) and the residual chart that corresponds to nonsystematic variations. For each chart, statistical limits were developed using samples inside the quality specifications. It was possible to identify biodiesel blend samples that were out of specifications relative to biodiesel content, biodiesel contaminated with vegetable oil and diesel contaminated with naphtha. In the present work it was also developed a model of multivariate calibration for the acid value determination of degraded biodiesel using the spectra in the near infrared region. The acid value, one biodiesel quality parameter, is related with the degree of biodiesel degradation. The developed model was based on the partial least squares method (PLS) and it was validated by figures of merit calculation. Feasible results were obtained with errors below to 3.4% and detection and quantification limits of 0.018 and 0.059 mg KOH/g, respectively / Mestrado / Quimica Analitica / Mestre em Química

The aim of the theoretical part of this thesis is to describe the system of the aluminium casting alloys, with focus on the aluminium castings used for die casting. In this part of the thesis the different methods of the quality management are described. The practical application of these methods is described in the experimental part of this thesis, in which we focus on the evaluation of the statistical quality management and the process stability of the die casting parts of the selector mechanism cover. This part of the thesis also contains suggestion for the QFD method for this cast.