Use-oriented benefits and treatment cost analysis have been incorporated into a water quality index to derive economically optimized pollutant concentrations for use in the development of waste water treatment programs. This multi-criteria water quality index can be used in decision-making at federal and local governmental levels. Five major pollutants (coliforms, nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended solids, and detergent) were considered in the treatment of municipal wastewater. With each higher level of improvement, the treatment costs increase proportionally, but the benefits associated with the reuse of this treated wastewater also increase in all cases except that of nutrient removal for agricultural use. Listed in descending order of their general utility, possible uses of reclaimed water include water supply, recreation, irrigation, industrial use, waste disposal, transportation, and commercial fishery. The optimal concentration of a pollutant was defined as that point at which the marginal costs of its removal equal the marginal benefits thereby obtained. The optimum net benefits associated with each kind of reclamation are derived simultaneously. The multicriteria water quality index is a combination of the maximum net benefits and the water quality index of the optimal individual concentrations. Walski and Parker's water quality index was used in rating water quality. This methodology was applied to the Tucson region for the expediency of acquiring data. Possible uses considered for the reclaimed municipal wastewater included agricultural irrigation and recreational lakes in the Tucson metropolitan area. Results from this study indicate that the multi-criteria water quality index is zero dollars, or (NB = $1.83•10⁶, WQI = 0). Similar evaluations for other cities, made in the same way, would permit ranking of this index. This ranking would be useful for making decisions concerning the allocation of regional funds for treating municipal wastewater. This approach could also be used on a local level for determining optimal concentrations of pollutants and for optimal allocation of the treated water.

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Dissertation submitted in compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Technikon Natal, Durban, 2000. / The aim of this investigation is to establish the relationship between the Activity and Impact .training approaches in selective South African food manufacturing companies in order to establish which training approach makes the greatest contribution to a Total Quality Management implementation strategy. The main characteristics of these two training approaches are the following: In the Activity training approach the focus is on individual training requirements. Here the trainee and/or the line supervisor subjectively identify individual training requirements (training needs). Furthermore, this approach has no conclusive form of evaluation being conducted, especially to determine whether the knowledge and skills gained during the training course has been transferred to the trainee's working environment Impact training focuses on results-orientated training aimed at meeting the needs of the organisation by providing employees with relevant knowledge and skills to improve their performance. The work environment is seen as an extension of the training programme enabling both the Human Resources Department (Training and Development Department) and the line manager to work in joint collaboration when measuring the trainees' performance in a practical environment A self-designed questionnaire was used to determine whether the selected sample population (n=171) follows an Activity or an Impact training approach when implementing a Total Quality Management strategy. The research revealed three pertinent findings: Firstly, Total Quality Management programmes implemented within the South African food manufacturing industry characterise both the Activity and the Impact training approaches. / M

This research report is a completed Catchment Diagnostic Framework (CDF) for the Klip River catchment (Johannesburg) for the period October 1998 to September 1999. The framework consists of a catchment description and a diagnostic index which provide a simple and representative view of the catchment and its characteristics and assist in identifying problem areas. GIS maps, graphs and tables are used to provide a background of the catchment. The Diagnostic Index is based on a set of Indicators that are calculated and then scored according to a rating system allowing for the calculation of an overall value for the catchment. The indicators and description cover resource conditions, socioeconomics, water quantity, water quality and management. Using this CDF it was found that the Klip River catchment is highly altered due to mining, urban, industrial and agricultural development. All of these have impacts on the beneficial use of the Klip River itself and on the downstream users of the Vaal Barrage. / AC 2016

The empirical study gives support to the strong mediating role of a customer-focused culture. The key determinants of perceived service quality are epitomized in the 'golden triangle' of Visionary Leadership, Customer Focus and Quality People. Visionary leadership does not exert direct effect on people but transmits its influence through the establishment of a customer-focused culture. Contrary to the findings from previous studies, the relationship between process management and perceived service quality does not fall into place. / This paper presents the results of an empirical assessment of a Total-Quality-Management-for-Service (TQMS) model. The model integrates the traditional TQM literature and service quality management literature, showing the impact of both strategic and operational factors on perceived service quality. Structural equation modeling was applied to examine the theoretical causal ordering, using data collected from 90 service companies and 900 customer interviews. The constructs were found to be highly reliable and valid. The results provide strong empirical evidence in support of the TQMS model, specifying the relationships among TQM practices. / This study contributes to theory building by identifying the TQM constructs relevant to the service setting. Introducing perceived service quality as a performance measure extends the traditional TQM theory by providing insights on how internal organizational practices can influence externally-based outcome. From the practical standpoint, managers could use the results obtained to make better decisions in evaluating quality program implementation. It is evident that the prevalence of a customer-focused culture is a pivotal factor which determines the ultimate success of TQM. This culture factor also acts as a mediator transmitting the effect of leadership on employee behavior, and eventually on perceived service quality. / Choy Lee-man. / "January 2002." / Adviser: T. S. Lee. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 63-01, Section: A, page: 0258. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-152). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest dissertations and theses, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

by Sam Chi Ah, Sylvia. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-40). / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- Introduction --- p.5 / Aim of this paper --- p.5 / Quality in educaiton --- p.5 / Why rneasure quality --- p.6 / Multi-dimensional aspect of the measurement --- p.8 / Wbat are we measuring --- p.9 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- APPROACHES TO MEASURING EDUCATION QUALITY --- p.13 / By objectives --- p.16 / By meeting social needs --- p.18 / By satisfying student needs --- p.21 / By teacbing quality --- p.22 / Bylearning quality --- p.23 / By nternal process control --- p.26 / By input resources --- p.28 / By output resources --- p.29 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Comparison of models --- p.31 / The USN model --- p.32 / Comparison between models --- p.33 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- Applications of the measurements --- p.35 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.36

This thesis aims to investigate preferences for Low Emission Buses (LEB). Building on the existing stated preference literature on bus service quality measures and emissions reduction valuation in private vehicles and on the few existing studies looking at LEBs, which have used Contingent Valuation, this study makes use of the multi-attribute nature of Discrete Choice Experiments (DCE) to explore valuations for reductions in two different types of emissions separately, along with other attributes traditionally related to bus travel. This thesis uses a state-of-the-art pivoted experimental design to create reference-dependent choice tasks centred on the respondent's current experience. Choice task realism was additionally sought by using quantitative and qualitative research to inform the experimental and survey design. The survey was conducted at bus stops in the city of Aberdeen during the months of October and November 2016, whilst an existing LEB pilot project was in operation: the Aberdeen Hydrogen Bus Project (AHBP). Choice data is analysed using random parameter logit models to explore preferences for reductions in the two separate emissions and other bus service characteristics. To provide greater insight of the preferences for LEBs, this thesis' additional methodological contributions include using the AHBP as a case study to explore the role of familiarity on preference formation and examining whether choice behaviour is consistent with prospect theory's three main properties: reference dependence, changing marginal sensitivities and preference asymmetry in the form of loss aversion. Policy implications from each of these contribution are discussed.

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Spokojenost zákazníka, zákaznická loajalita, CSI