No description available.

The Swan Peak Formation in north-central Utah thickens westward, from zero feet near Logan to 687 feet in the Promontory Range. The unit is subdivided into three distinct members: 1) A lower member of interbedded shales, limestones, and quartzites; 2) A middle member of interbedded shales and brown quartzites; and 3) An upper member of white quartzites. The Swan Peak thins southward toward the east-west-trending Tooele Arch in the area of study; this thinning probably reflects both lesser deposition and greater subsequent erosion there than elsewhere. The lower member in northern Utah probably was deposited in shallow-shelf and/or transitional shorefaceshelf environments. The middle member represents shoreface to intertidal environments. Western miogeosynclinal equivalents of the lower and middle members are more carbonate-rich, the results of their more basinward position and thus greater distance from terrigenous sediment sources. The upper member was deposited in a shallow-shelf to intertidal environment by strong, predominantly south-flowing currents.

Les fouilles archéologiques menées dans le cadre des travaux de contournement de la municipalité de Longue Rive, en Haute-Côte-Nord, par le Ministère des Transports du Québec en 2013 ont permis la récolte d'un nombre impressionnant d'artefacts en pierre taillée associés à une occupation à influence Meadowood (3 000 à 2 400 AA). Plus de 80 % des artefacts sont issus du façonnage d'outils dans une matière première d'origine régionale, le quartzite à mica. Ce mémoire a pour but d'apporter des précisions quant à la nature de ce matériau important dans la technologie lithique nord-côtière. Nous analysons sa variabilité au sein de l'assemblage récolté sur le site DdEh-8 et proposons une caractérisation plus précise basée sur la pétrographie sur lames minces. L'analyse pétrographique suggère qu'un phénomène de mylonitisation en marge d'une zone de cisaillement pourrait être à l'origine de la formation du quartzite à mica. Quatre variétés sont décrites et leur utilisation dans l'outillage est documentée au moyen d'analyses typomorphologiques et technologiques détaillées. La production bifaciale dont l'importance dans le corpus technologique de DdEh-8 est accentuée par le façonnage systématique de « préformes quaternaires » de style Meadowood est examinée en profondeur. Le classement par stade de réduction des pièces bifaciales est confronté à une méthode de classification dite en continuum et qui corrèle les données objectives relatives à la longueur de la marge bifaciale et au nombre d'enlèvements. Il appert que la réduction bifaciale menée sur le site n'est pas aussi phasée que l'on pourrait s'y attendre bien que l'objectif de cette taille se concentre vers la production de préformes quaternaires. Le quartzite à mica semble hautement privilégié dans cette industrie bifaciale pour des raisons pratiques, en ce qui a trait à l'accès à cette matière régionale, et des raisons idéologiques, par la valeur associée ailleurs au quartzite blanc. / Archaeological excavations at the DdEh-8 site carried out by the Ministère du Transport du Québec in 2013 as part of the Longue-Rive municipality highway bypass project in the Upper North Shore region produced an artifact collection associated with a Meadowood occupation (3000 to 2400 AA). More than 80% of the artifacts recovered are derived from the production of tools from a micaceous quartzite specific to this region. Lithologic variability of this regional micaceous quartzite remains poorly understood and its origin unknown. This thesis seeks to clarify the nature of this raw material which is ubiquitous in lithic assemblages from North Shore archaeological sites. We analyze the lithological variability of this material within the assemblage recovered at the DdEh-8 site and propose a more precise characterization based on thin-section petrography. This micaceous quartzite appears to be the result of mylonitization through shear zone deformation. Four main varieties are described and their use in tool production is documented using detailed typo-morphological and technological analyses. This thesis examines the production of lithic bifaces at DdEh-8 in depth; bifacial tools are a particularly significant part of the collection due to the systematic production of Meadowood-style “quaternary preforms” at the site. The classification of bifaces by stage of reduction was undertaken with a continuum approach correlating bifacial margin length with flake removal scar frequency. It appears that the reduction of bifaces at DdEh-8 is not strictly phased in clear technological steps although the objective of this reduction is indeed focused on the production of quaternary preforms. Mica quartzite is a highly favoured raw material in this bifacial industry for reasons that appear to us to be both practical and ideological; this material is both suitable and widely available in the region, while white quartzites appear to have been preferred in general elsewhere in the Meadowood Interaction Sphere.

Yes / Confocal microscopy has been increasingly employed in the field of traceology to acquire metrological data of surface changes on a micro-scale. However, its advantages for a traditional visual inspection of use-wear are rarely highlighted. As traditional optical microscopy (OM) has proven unable to entirely fulfil the prerequisites for an ideal observation of highly reflective and irregular materials, alternative ways for providing better observation conditions must be sought. In this contribution, we explore the combination of laser scanning confocal (LSCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micro-graphs for the visual characterisation of wear on quartzite and evaluate the potential of both techniques. / AHRC Fragmented Heritage project (AH/L00688X/1) at the University of Bradford, and of the MICINN-FEDER (PGC2018-093925-B-C32), the AGAUR (SGR 2017-1040) and the URV (2018PFR-URV-B2-91) projects at IPHES-URV. One of the authors (A.P.) was beneficiary of a Catalan pre-doctoral grant (2014FI B 00539), at the Rovira i Virgili University (URV), the IPHES and the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle of Paris.

No description available.

O presente estudo trata da determinação da resistência de aderência de três rochas: arenito, mármore e quartzito assentados com três diferentes argamassas (industrializada, resíduo e para porcelanato). Os ensaios de resistência de aderência à tração foram executados tanto na face lisa como na não polida (natural) dos corpos de prova e seguiram a norma NBR 14084 utilizada para material cerâmico. Os resultados obtidos foram diferentes para os conjuntos argamassas/rochas, entretanto evidenciaram o melhor desempenho da argamassa para porcelanato em todas as determinações. Alguns resultados anômalos verificados em algumas combinações foram explicados pelas características petrográficas (composição mineral, textura e estrutura), evidenciando sua relevante influência nos valores obtidos de resistência de aderência à tração. / The present study deals with the determination of bond strength of three stones: sandstone, marble and quartzite seated with three different mortars (industrialized, waste and porcelain). Tests on tension bond strength were performed in both the smooth face and the non-polished (natural) of the specimens and followed NBR 14.084 used for ceramic material. The results were different for the joint mortar/stone, but showed the best performance of the mortar for porcelain tile in all determinations. Some anomalous results observed in some combinations were explained by petrographics characteristics (mineral composition, texture and structure), indicating its important influence on the values of tension bond strength.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-04-27T13:57:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Élida Medeiros do Nascimento.pdf: 2966865 bytes, checksum: af4c289198c4970b2369d273cf340702 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T13:57:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Élida Medeiros do Nascimento.pdf: 2966865 bytes, checksum: af4c289198c4970b2369d273cf340702 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present study seeks to identify and analyze the hazards in exploitation of ornamental stones. To reach the proposed objective, we conducted an investigation in the productive system (exploitation, beneficiation and marketing) in region of the Várzea city (PB), one of the main poles extractors and processors of quartzite of the state of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. The exploitation of quartzite is performed by several miners for more than 40 years and involves more than 900 workers, it’s the main source of employment and income of the city. The study allowed to describe the productive system (exploitation, beneficiation and marketing), subdividing it into stages, identify and analyze only on the exploitation, the main hazards involved in each of its stages. Thus opted for a search of hybrid character (quantitative and qualitative) with the application of two risk assessment techniques: FMEA (analysis mode and effect of failures) and the FTA (fault tree analysis). The FMEA generated as results the definition of the risks of exploitation, its classification as to the importance, as also identified its causes, consequences and proposed measures that should be adopted to mitigate them. The FTA was used to allow a clear view through a graphical representation of the possible causes of these risks, becoming a facilitator in managing the risks in mining activity. The weighting of the risks showed that dust containing high percentage of crystalline silica (44.3% -70.7% SiO2), the noise, the use of explosives, vibration, and the informality of mining activity were the risks that had the highest percentages, both for individual assessment of risks as for the characterization of the steps from exploitation. Finally, the fault trees were built, where possible qualitatively describe the main causes of fatal accidents involving workers. Since at this stage they were used dimensions suggested by completing the FMEA form and the literature review. The results obtained during the study are characterized as essential to draw up proposals, goals and strategies to manage the risks evaluated by the above methods. / O presente estudo busca identificar e analisar os perigos existentes na explotação de rochas ornamentais. Para alcance do objetivo proposto, realizou-se uma investigação no sistema produtivo (explotação, beneficiamento e comercialização) na região do município de Várzea (PB), um dos principais polos extratores e beneficiadores de quartzito do estado da Paraíba, no Nordeste do Brasil. A explotação de quartzito é realizada por vários garimpeiros há mais de 40 anos e envolve mais de 900 trabalhadores, se configurando como a principal fonte de emprego e renda do Município. O estudo nos permitiu descrever o sistema produtivo (explotação, beneficiamento e comercialização), subdividi-lo em etapas, identificar e analisar, apenas na explotação, os principais perigos envolvidos em cada uma de suas etapas. Optou-se assim por uma pesquisa de caráter híbrido (quantitativo e qualitativo) com a aplicação de duas técnicas da avaliação de risco: a FMEA (análise de modo e efeito de falhas) e a FTA (análise de árvore de falhas). A FMEA gerou como resultados a definição dos riscos da explotação, sua classificação quanto à importância, como também identificou suas causas, consequências e propôs medidas que deverão ser adotadas para mitigá-los. A FTA foi utilizada para permitir a clara visualização, através de uma representação gráfica, das possíveis causas desses riscos, tornando-se um instrumento facilitador no gerenciamento dos riscos nessa atividade extrativista. A ponderação dos riscos mostrou que as poeiras contendo alto percentual de sílica cristalina (44,3%-70,7% de SiO2), os ruídos, o uso de explosivos, as vibrações, e a informalidade da atividade extrativista foram os riscos que apresentaram os maiores percentuais, tanto para avaliação individual dos riscos quanto pela caracterização das etapas da explotação. As árvores de falhas estabelecidas possibilitaram descrever qualitativamente as principais causas dos acidentes fatais com trabalhadores, nos quais foram usadas as dimensões sugeridas pelo preenchimento do formulário FMEA e pela revisão de literatura. Os resultados obtidos durante a realização do estudo se configuram como essenciais para elaborar propostas, metas e estratégias para gerenciar os riscos avaliados através das metodologias supracitadas.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-08-31T20:02:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) denise_souza_batista.pdf: 2389253 bytes, checksum: 7d5cc01bdcaca35f20d644bb71a22d7e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-09-04T17:18:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) denise_souza_batista.pdf: 2389253 bytes, checksum: 7d5cc01bdcaca35f20d644bb71a22d7e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-04T17:18:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) denise_souza_batista.pdf: 2389253 bytes, checksum: 7d5cc01bdcaca35f20d644bb71a22d7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho ? entender os processos ecol?gicos que orientam a distribui??o espacial e estrutura vegetacional da esp?cie Vellozia ramosissima e tamb?m analisar a anatomia foliar, a nutri??o e a ecofisiologia, inter-relacionados com a an?lise do solo, para reconhecer a plasticidade desta esp?cie em ?reas de Complexos Rupestres Quartz?ticos (CRQs) e Ferruginosos (CRFs). A coleta de dados foi baseada na amostragem de uma parcela de 50x50m em quatro ?reas em Complexos Rupestres: duas ?reas localizadas em afloramentos quartz?ticos e duas em ferruginosos. Nas parcelas, todos os indiv?duos com altura maior ou igual a um metro foram mapeados, o padr?o de distribui??o espacial foi avaliado utilizando a fun??o K de Ripley. O m?todo de Sturges foi utilizado para defini??o do n?mero de classes diam?tricas e de altura. As an?lises de solos avaliaram: pH, teores de P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ e Al3+; acidez potencial (H+Al), CTC a pH 7,0 (T); CTC efetiva (t), soma de bases (SB), satura??o por bases (V%), satura??o por alum?nio (m%), areia (fina e grossa), silte, argila e equivalente de umidade (EU). Para anatomia foliar foram estimados a ?rea foliar e cortes anat?micos foliares (fotomicrografias). Para cada imagem foram mensurados os par?metros anat?micos: espessura da cut?cula, da epiderme (nas faces adaxial e abaxial), do par?nquima pali??dico e lacunoso, da extens?o da bainha voltada para o feixe vascular (hipoderme), da hipoderme voltada para fenda e altura da fenda estom?tica. O material coletado para a nutri??o foliar e de raiz foi processado e determinados os nutrientes: N; P; K+; Ca2+; Mg2+; Zn2+; Fe2+; Mn2+; Cu; C; H+ e Al3+. O fluor?metro port?til modulado MINI-PAM, foi utilizado para fazer as medi??es pontuais das vari?veis: fotorrespira??o e rendimento qu?ntico efetivo. Nas quatro ?reas foram levantadas o total de 2542 indiv?duos com a seguinte distribui??o: 158 indiv?duos na ?rea CRQ1, 682 na ?rea CRQ2, 39 em CRF1e 1663 em CRF2. A fun??o K de Ripley calculada para as quatro ?reas rejeitaram a hip?tese de completa aletoriedade espacial, demonstrando, no geral, um padr?o de distribui??o agregado. A estrutura diam?trica e de altura das quatro ?reas seguem um aumento gradativo da frequ?ncia de indiv?duos nas quatro primeiras classes, exceto para ?rea CRF1. As an?lises de solos demonstram baixa fertilidade e textura arenosa com baixa capacidade de reten??o de umidade, al?m de toxidade por metais como: Mn2+ e Al3+, para as ?reas CRF2 e CRQ2, respectivamente. H? uma similaridade na organiza??o estrutural da anatomia foliar, nas quatro popula??es, com caracter?sticas t?picas de esp?cies de ambientes xerom?rficos, como: presen?a de cut?cula espessa, fibras subepid?rmicas, hipoderme aqu?fera e sistema vascular bem desenvolvidos, al?m de fendas estom?ticas. Em termos nutricionais a esp?cie apresenta baixos n?veis de requerimentos, foram observados altos concentra??es de metais pesados (Mn2+ e Al3+) nas folhas e ra?zes da esp?cie. As vari?veis ambientais: altitude, temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e radia??o influenciam diretamente na atividade de fotoss?ntese que ? complexa e sujeita a influ?ncias regulat?rias, internas e ambientais. Foram observadas caracter?sticas funcionais como plasticidade representada pela resposta morfo-anat?mica e ecofisiol?gica nesta esp?cie. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The objective of this work is to understand the ecological processes that guide the spatial distribution and vegetative structure of the species Vellozia ramosissima and also to analyze leaf anatomy, nutrition and ecophysiology, interrelated with soil analysis, to recognize the plasticity of this species in Areas of Quartzite Rock Complexes (CRQs) and Ferruginous Complexes (CRFs). Data collection was based on the sampling of a 50x50 m plot in four areas in Rock Complexes: two areas located in quartzitic outcrops and two in ferruginous outcrops. In the plots, all individuals with height greater than or equal to one meter were mapped, the spatial distribution pattern was evaluated using the Ripley's K function. The Sturges method was used to define the number of diametric and height classes. Soil analyzes evaluated: pH, levels of P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+; Potential acidity (H + Al), CTC at pH 7.0 (T); effective CTC (t), base saturation (SB), base saturation (V%), saturation by aluminum (m%), sand (fine and coarse), silt, clay and moisture equivalent (EU). Leaf anatomy and foliar anatomical sections (photomicrographs) were estimated for leaf anatomy. For each image, the anatomical parameters were measured: cuticle thickness, epidermis (on the adaxial and abaxial sides), palisade and lacunar parenchyma, extension of the sheath facing the vascular bundle (hypodermis), hypodermis facing the Stomatal cleft. The material collected for leaf and root nutrition was processed and the nutrients determined: N; P; K+; Ca2+; Mg2+; Zn2+; Fe2+; Mn2+; Cu; C; H+ and Al3+. The portable MINI-PAM modulating fluorometer was used to make point measurements of the variables: photorespiration and effective quantum yield. In the four areas, a total of 2.542 individuals with the following distribution were surveyed: 158 individuals in the CRQ1 area, 682 in the CRQ2 area, 39 in CRF1 and 1663 in CRF2. The Ripley's K function calculated for the four areas rejected the hypothesis of complete spatial randomness, generally showing an aggregate distribution pattern. The diameter and height structure of the four areas follow a gradual increase of the frequency of individuals in the first four classes, except for CRF1 area. Soil analyzes show low fertility and sandy texture with low moisture retention capacity, as well as toxicity by metals such as: Mn2+ and Al3+, for the areas CRF2 and CRQ2, respectively. There is a similarity in the structural organization of the leaf anatomy, in the four populations, with typical characteristics of species of xeromorphic environments, such as: presence of thick cuticle, subepidermal fibers, well developed hypodermis and vascular system, and stomatal cracks. In nutritional terms, the species presented low levels of requirements, high concentrations of heavy metals (Mn2+ and Al3+) were observed in the leaves and roots of the species. The environmental variables: altitude, temperature, relative air humidity and radiation directly influence the activity of photosynthesis that is complex and subject to regulatory, internal and environmental influences. Functional characteristics were observed as plasticity represented by the morpho-anatomical and echophysiological response in this species.

O presente estudo trata da determinação da resistência de aderência de três rochas: arenito, mármore e quartzito assentados com três diferentes argamassas (industrializada, resíduo e para porcelanato). Os ensaios de resistência de aderência à tração foram executados tanto na face lisa como na não polida (natural) dos corpos de prova e seguiram a norma NBR 14084 utilizada para material cerâmico. Os resultados obtidos foram diferentes para os conjuntos argamassas/rochas, entretanto evidenciaram o melhor desempenho da argamassa para porcelanato em todas as determinações. Alguns resultados anômalos verificados em algumas combinações foram explicados pelas características petrográficas (composição mineral, textura e estrutura), evidenciando sua relevante influência nos valores obtidos de resistência de aderência à tração. / The present study deals with the determination of bond strength of three stones: sandstone, marble and quartzite seated with three different mortars (industrialized, waste and porcelain). Tests on tension bond strength were performed in both the smooth face and the non-polished (natural) of the specimens and followed NBR 14.084 used for ceramic material. The results were different for the joint mortar/stone, but showed the best performance of the mortar for porcelain tile in all determinations. Some anomalous results observed in some combinations were explained by petrographics characteristics (mineral composition, texture and structure), indicating its important influence on the values of tension bond strength.

Abstract. The goal of this case study is to further the understanding of the social and economic structure, such as trade routes and/or prehistoric man’s movement, during prehistory in the inland of Västerbotten, Sweden. This is achieved by studying the sets of lithic tools found in six archaeological sites (RAÄ 977:1 Vilhelmina, RAÄ 553:1 Vilhelmina, RAÄ 132:1 Vilhelmina, RAÄ 519:1 Vilhelmina, RAÄ 399:1 Vilhelmina och RAÄ 129:1 Åsele) using NIR-spectroscopic (Near InfraRed-spectroscopy), statistical and archaeological methods. By using PCA-models (Principal Component Analysis-models) and the classification method SIMCA (Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogies) on NIR-spectroscopic data collected over the course of this study, it was possible to show signs that prehistoric man in the studied area, might have deposited quartzite materials, not naturally occurring at the RAÄ 519:1 Vilhelmina, Sweden, site. Four geographic areas (the vicinity of the sea Vojm, the North and South part of the sea Malgomaj and the vicinity of the Southwest part of the Ångerman river in the studied area) could also be shown to display distinct patterns in the PCA-models, related to the use of particular combinations of quartzites. These findings lead to the conclusion that prehistoric man in this area, typically used locally available materials for toolmaking. Furthermore, this study resulted in a large NIR-spectroscopic dataset from the archaeological sites that makes up the main material for this study, that may be beneficial to future NIR-spectroscopic studies in archaeology and/or further studies of NIR-spectroscopy applied to lithic materials.