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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Teorias de campos discretas e modelos topológicos / Discrete field theories and topological models

Ferreira, Miguel Jorge Bernabé 02 March 2012 (has links)
Neste trabalho estudamos as teorias de gauge puras (sem campo de matéria) na rede em três dimensões. Em especial, estudamos a subclasse das teorias topológicas. A maneira como denimos e tratamos as teorias de gauge e diferente, mas equivalente, à forma usual apresentada em [2, 3]. Definimos estas teorias via o formalismo de Kuperberg, que é um formalismo puramente matemático de um invariante topológico de variedades tridimensionais. Este formalismo, embora bastante abstrato, pode ser adaptado para descrever as classes de modelos das teorias de gauge na rede, e traz várias vantagens, pois possibilita que tratemos de teorias topológicas e não topológicas, além da fácil identicação dos limites topológicos da função de partição. Estudamos também a classe das teorias chamadas quase topológicas, que podem ser pensadas como deformações de teorias topológicas. Em particular, consideramos teorias de gauge com grupo de gauge Z2, que é o grupo de gauge mais simples possível com dinâmica não trivial. Dentro das teorias de gauge, identicamos as classes de modelos que são quase topológicos, além de outras classes nas quais a função de partição pode ser trivialmente calculada. A função de partição foi calculada explicitamente no caso quase topológico em duas situações: sobre a esfera tridimensional S3 e sobre o toroS1x S1x S1x, que representa uma rede com condições periódicas de contorno. Dois modelos físicos de teorias de gauge, ainda com grupo de gauge Z2, foram estudados: o modelo com ação de Wilson SW = Pfaces [Tr(g) - 1] e o modelo com ação spin-gauge SSG = Pfaces Tr(g). No limite de baixa temperatura ambos os modelos mostram-se ser topológicos, enquanto que no limite de alta temperatura mostraram-se ser trivialmente calculáveis. / In this work we studied the class of models of pure lattice gauge theories (without matter elds) in three dimensions. Especially, we studied the subclass of topological theories. Lattice gauge theories were dened in an unusual way, unlike the description shown in [2, 3]. We dened lattice gauge theories via the Kuperberg\'s formalism [4], which is a mathematical model for a topological invariant of 3-manifolds. Such formalism, although completely abstract, can describe the class of models of lattice gauge theories because it can describe both topological and non topological theories, besides it provides an easy identication of the partition function topological limits. We also studied the class of theories called quasi topological, which can be thought as deformations of topological theories. As an example, we consider Z2 as gauge group, because it is the simplest group that does not imply trivial dynamics. Inside this class of models we identify the subclasses of quasi topological theories and also other classes in which the partition function can be trivially computed. The partition function was explicitly computed in two situations: on the 3-sphere S3 and on the 3-manifold S1 x S1 x S1 that represents periodic boundary conditions. Two physical models were studied: the model with Wilson\'s action SW(conf)1 and the model with spin-gauge action SSG(conf)2. In the low temperature limit both models shown to be topological and in the high temperature limit they could be trivially computed.
2

Teorias de campos discretas e modelos topológicos / Discrete field theories and topological models

Miguel Jorge Bernabé Ferreira 02 March 2012 (has links)
Neste trabalho estudamos as teorias de gauge puras (sem campo de matéria) na rede em três dimensões. Em especial, estudamos a subclasse das teorias topológicas. A maneira como denimos e tratamos as teorias de gauge e diferente, mas equivalente, à forma usual apresentada em [2, 3]. Definimos estas teorias via o formalismo de Kuperberg, que é um formalismo puramente matemático de um invariante topológico de variedades tridimensionais. Este formalismo, embora bastante abstrato, pode ser adaptado para descrever as classes de modelos das teorias de gauge na rede, e traz várias vantagens, pois possibilita que tratemos de teorias topológicas e não topológicas, além da fácil identicação dos limites topológicos da função de partição. Estudamos também a classe das teorias chamadas quase topológicas, que podem ser pensadas como deformações de teorias topológicas. Em particular, consideramos teorias de gauge com grupo de gauge Z2, que é o grupo de gauge mais simples possível com dinâmica não trivial. Dentro das teorias de gauge, identicamos as classes de modelos que são quase topológicos, além de outras classes nas quais a função de partição pode ser trivialmente calculada. A função de partição foi calculada explicitamente no caso quase topológico em duas situações: sobre a esfera tridimensional S3 e sobre o toroS1x S1x S1x, que representa uma rede com condições periódicas de contorno. Dois modelos físicos de teorias de gauge, ainda com grupo de gauge Z2, foram estudados: o modelo com ação de Wilson SW = Pfaces [Tr(g) - 1] e o modelo com ação spin-gauge SSG = Pfaces Tr(g). No limite de baixa temperatura ambos os modelos mostram-se ser topológicos, enquanto que no limite de alta temperatura mostraram-se ser trivialmente calculáveis. / In this work we studied the class of models of pure lattice gauge theories (without matter elds) in three dimensions. Especially, we studied the subclass of topological theories. Lattice gauge theories were dened in an unusual way, unlike the description shown in [2, 3]. We dened lattice gauge theories via the Kuperberg\'s formalism [4], which is a mathematical model for a topological invariant of 3-manifolds. Such formalism, although completely abstract, can describe the class of models of lattice gauge theories because it can describe both topological and non topological theories, besides it provides an easy identication of the partition function topological limits. We also studied the class of theories called quasi topological, which can be thought as deformations of topological theories. As an example, we consider Z2 as gauge group, because it is the simplest group that does not imply trivial dynamics. Inside this class of models we identify the subclasses of quasi topological theories and also other classes in which the partition function can be trivially computed. The partition function was explicitly computed in two situations: on the 3-sphere S3 and on the 3-manifold S1 x S1 x S1 that represents periodic boundary conditions. Two physical models were studied: the model with Wilson\'s action SW(conf)1 and the model with spin-gauge action SSG(conf)2. In the low temperature limit both models shown to be topological and in the high temperature limit they could be trivially computed.
3

Design and implementation of a portable omnifont reading aid for the blind

Asimopoulos, Nikos 16 September 2005 (has links)
The design and implementation of a handheld scanner that can help sight-impaired or even blind users to manually scan and read text is discussed in this dissertation. A thorough investigation of all the elements involved in such a system is presented and optimal solutions are proposed. A unique velocity compensation technique based solely on optical information obtained by the scanning device is discussed and a real time segmentation technique based on topological properties (Quasi-Topological Codes) of connected segments is presented. A skew detection algorithm is discussed that can trace typed and printed text manual1y scanned with skew up to 15 degrees and can guide blind users to properly scan a document. Real time extraction of quasitopological codes for automatic text recognition and the hardware implementation is also discussed in this work. A hierarchical optical character recognition method is proposed which is based on syntactic and metric analysis of the Quasi-Topological Codes and their position in the scanned image. The proposed method can recognize characters stretched to approximately two times their original width or rotated by a few degrees. Finally, an automated iterative learning process is discussed which includes generalization of the recognition logic and dynamic adaptation of the syntactic and metric recognition rules. / Ph. D.

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