"December 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 221-233) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Ying Zheng. / Thesis submitted in: October 2001. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-90). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / 中文摘要 --- p.iv / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vi / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.x / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xii / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xiii / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Rationale of the Study --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2. --- Flavonoids --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- Introduction --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Potential Health Effects --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3. --- Absorption Studies --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3. --- Drug Absorption --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- Pathways and Mechanisms of Intestinal Absorption --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- Transporters Potentially Involved in the Absorption of Flavonoids --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.2.1. --- Glucose Transporters --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.2.2. --- Multidrug Resistance Systems --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.2.2.1. --- P-glycoprotein --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.2.2.2. --- Non-P-glycoprotein Efflux Mechanisms --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4. --- In vitro Models to Study Absorption --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.1. --- Ussing Chamber --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.2. --- Cultured Cells --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.2.1. --- Choice of Cells --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.2.2. --- Caco-2 Cell Monolayers as in vitro Model --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.2.3. --- Correlation Between in vivo Absorption and in vitro Permeability Coefficients --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.3. --- Everted Gut Sacs --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.4. --- Brush Border Membrane Vesicles (BBMVs) --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.5. --- In situ Experiments --- p.21 / Chapter 1.5. --- Aims and Scope of the Present Study --- p.23 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- Materials & Methods --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1. --- Materials --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Chemicals --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- Materials for Cell Culture --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.3. --- Instruments --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.4. --- Animals --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2. --- Methods --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Preformulation Studies on Selected Flavonoids --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1.1. --- Determination of Stability --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1.2. --- Thermal Analysis --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1.3. --- Determination of Solubility --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1.4. --- Determination of Partition Coefficient --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Validation of in vitro Models --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.2.1. --- Ussing Chamber --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.1. --- Tissue Preparation --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.2. --- Electrical Measurements --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.3. --- Experimental Protocols --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.4. --- Calculations of Permeability --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.2.2. --- Caco-2 Cell Monolayers --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.1. --- Preparation of Caco-2 Cell Monolayers --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.2. --- Validation of Caco-2 Cell Monolayers --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.3. --- Calculation of Permeability --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- Transport Studies of Selected Flavonoids --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.4. --- Brush Border Membrane Vesicles (BBMVs) --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.4.1. --- Preparation of BBMVs --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.4.2. --- Uptake of D-glucose by BBMVs --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.4.3. --- Counting of 3H-D-glucose in BBMVs --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.4.4. --- Calculation of Glucose Uptake --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.4.5. --- Total Protein Assay --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.5. --- Analytical Methods --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.5.1. --- HPLC Analysis --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.5.1.1. --- HPLC Analysis of Quercetin and Related Glycosides --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.5.1.2. --- HPLC-MS Analysis of Degradation Products --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.5.1.3. --- HPLC Analysis of Propranolol --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.5.2. --- UV Analysis --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.5.3. --- Fluorescence Analysis --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.5.4. --- Analysis of Radiolabeled Markers --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.6. --- Statistical Analysis --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- Results & Discussions --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1. --- Preformulation Studies on Selected Flavonoids --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Stability --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Thermal Analysis --- p.52 / Chapter 3.1.3. --- Aqueous Solubility --- p.58 / Chapter 3.1.4. --- Partition Coefficient --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2. --- Validation of in vitro Models --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Selection of Marker Compounds --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Validation of Ussing Chamber --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- Validation of Caco-2 Cell Monolayers --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.3.1. --- Integrity of Caco-2 Cell Monolayers --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.3.2. --- Permeabilities of Marker Compounds --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.3.3. --- Selection of in vitro Models --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2.3.3. --- Validation of Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter (SGLT1) --- p.66 / Chapter 3.3. --- Transport Studies of Quercetin and Related Flavonoids --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Direction of Transport --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Concentration Dependence --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- Inhibition of P-gp by Verapamil --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3.4. --- Metabolism of Quercetin in Caco-2 Cells --- p.72 / Chapter 3.3.5. --- Studies of Quercetin-3-glucoside with Sugar Transporters --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4. --- Uptake of D-glucose by Brush Border Membrane Vesicles (BBMVs) --- p.75 / Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- Conclusions --- p.80 / References --- p.83