A K-teoria algébrica é um ramo da álgebra que associa para cada anel com unidade R, uma sequência de grupos abelianos chamados os n-ésimos K-grupos de R. Em 1970, Daniel Quillen dá uma definição geral dos K-grupos de um anel qualquer R a partir da +-construção do espaço classificante BGL(R). Por outro lado, considerando R um anel comutativo, obtém-se também a definição dos K-grupos de Milnor KMn (R). Usando o produto dos K-grupos de Quillen e Milnor e suas estruturas anti-comutativas, definimos o seguinte homomorfismo tn : KMn (R) &rarr; Kn(R): Mostraremos nesta dissertação que se R é um anel local com ideal maximal m tal que R / m é um corpo infinito, então esse homomorfismo é um isomorfismo para 0 &le; n &le; 2. Em geral tn nem sempre é injetor ou sobrejetor. Por exemplo quando n = 3, sabe-se que t3 não é sobrejetor e definimos a parte indecomponível de K3(R) como sendo o grupo Kind3 (R) := coker (KM3 (R) &rarr; t3 K3(R)). Usando alguns resultados de homologia dos grupos lineares, nesta dissertação mostraremos a existência da sequência exata de Bloch-Wigner para corpos infinitos. Esta sequência dá uma descrição explícita da parte indecomponível do terceiro K-grupo de um corpo infinito. TEOREMA (Sequência exata de Bloch-Wigner). Seja F um corpo infinito e seja p(F) o grupo de pre-Bloch de F, isto é, o grupo quociente do grupo abeliano livre gerado pelos símbolos [a], a &isin; F×, pelo subgrupo gerado por elementos da forma [a] - [b] + [b/a] - [1-a-1 /1-b-1] + [1-a /1-b] com a, b &isin; F× - {1}, a /= b. Então temos a sequência exata TorZ1 (&mu; (F), &mu; (F)) ~ &rarr; Kind3 (F) &rarr; p(F) &rarr; (F× &#8855; ZFx)&sigma; F×)&sigma; &rarr; K2(F) &rarr; 0 onde (F× &#8855; ZF×)&sigma; := (F×; &#8855; ZF×)/<a &#8855; b + b &#8855; a | a, b &isin; F×> e TorZ1 (&mu; (F); &mu; (F)) ~ é a única extensão não trivial de Z=2Z por TorZ1 (&mu; (F); &mu; (F)) se char(F) &ne; 2 e &mu; 2 &infin; (F) é finito e é TorZ1 (&mu; (F); &mu; (F)) caso contrário. O homomorfismo p(F) &rarr; (F× &#8855; ZF×) &sigma; é definido por [a] &rarr; a &#8855; (1-a). O estudo da sequência exata de Bloch-Wigner é justificada pela relação entre o segundo e terceiro K-grupo de um corpo F. / The algebraic K-theory is a branch of algebra that associates to any ring with unit R a sequence of abelian groups called n-th K-groups of R. In 1970, Daniel Quillen gave a general definition of K-groups of any ring R using the +-construction of the classifying space BGL(R). On the other hand, if we consider a commutative ring R, we can define the Milnors K-groups, KMn (R), of R. Using the product of the Quillen and Milnors K-groups and their anti-commutative structure, we define a natural homomorphism tn : KMn (R) &rarr; Kn(R): In this dissertation, we show that if R is a local ring with maximal ideal m such that R=m is infinite, then this map is an isomorphism for 0<= n<= 2. But in general tn is not injective nor is surjective. For example when n = 3, we know that t3 is not surjective and define the indecomposable part of K3(R) as the group Kind3 (R) := coker (KM3 (R) &rarr; t3 K3(R)). Using some results about the homology of linear groups, in this dissertation we will prove the Bloch-Wigner exact sequence over infinite fields. This exact sequence gives us a precise description of the indecomposable part of the third K-group of an infinite field. THEOREM (Bloch-Wigner exact sequence). Let F be an infinite field and let p(F) be the pre-Bloch group of F, that is, the quotient group of the free abelian group generated by symbols [a], a &isin; F× - [1}, by the subgroup generated by the elements of the form [a][b]+ b/a][ 1-a-1/1-b-1]+ [1-a/1-b] with a; b &isin; F×, a =/ b. Then we have the exact sequence TorZ1 (&mu; (F), &mu; (F)) ~ &rarr; Kind3 (F) &rarr; p(F) &rarr; (F× &#8855; ZF×)$sigma; &rarr; K2(F) &rarr; 0 where (F× &#8855; ZF×)&sigma; := (F× &#8855; ZF×) / a &38855; b +b &#8855; a | a; b &isin; F× and TorZ1(&mu;(F);&mu;(F)) is the unique non trivial extension of Z=2Z by TorZ1 (&mu; (F); &mu; (F)) if char(F) =/ 2 and &mu;2 &infin; is finite and is TorZ1 (&mu; (F);&mu; (F)) otherwise. The homomorphism p(F) &rarr; (F×ZF×)%sigma; is defined by [a] &rarr; a &#8855; (1-a). As it is shown, the study of the Bloch-Wigner exact sequence is also justified by the relation between the second and third K-group of a field F.

Le point de départ de cette thèse est une version instable de la conjecture de Lichtenbaum et Quillen qui dit que la cohomologie modulo 2 du classifiant des groupes linéaires définis sur Z[1/2] serait détectée par la cohomologie du classifiant du sous-groupe des matrices diagonales de ces groupes linéaires. On sait que la conjecture est vraie pour n=1, 2 et 3, mais qu'elle est fausse à partir de n=14. <br /><br />On peut montrer que si la conjecture est vraie pour n=4, alors nécessairement, il existe un certain carré cartésien en cohomologie à coefficients dans F_2 dans lequel apparaît le classifiant du groupe GL_2(Z[i,1/2]). L'espoir initial, motivé par des idées de Henn et Lannes, était que la cohomologie à coefficients dans F_2 de BGL_2(Z[i,1/2]) rendrait ce carré non cartésien, invalidant de ce fait la conjecture de Lichtenbaum et Quillen dès n=4.<br /><br />Nous avons calculé la cohomologie à coefficients dans F_2 de BGL_2(Z[i,1/2]) et montré que le carré cartésien sus-nommé est bien cartésien.<br />La conjecture a ainsi passé un test avec succès et a encore des chances d'être vraie pour n=4. En tout cas, la recherche d'un contre-exemple est plus délicate qu'on aurait pu l'espérer.<br /><br />Les moyens utilisés pour effectuer le calcul de H*(BGL_2(Z[i,1/2]),F_2) ont été la construction d'un certain espace Z sur lequel le groupe PSL_2(Z[i]) agit avec de bonnes propriétés, et le calcul de H*(BPSL_2(Z[i]),F_2) et H*(BGo,F_2) où Go est un certain sous-groupe de PSL_2(Z[i]) tel qu'on ai la décomposition en somme amalgamée PSL_2(Z[i,1/2])=PSL_2(Z[i])*_Go PSL_2(Z[i]). On obtient ensuite H*(BGL_2(Z[i,1/2]),F_2) en étudiant certains morphismes de H*(BPSL_2(Z[i]),F_2) vers H*(BGo,F_2) et plusieurs suites spectrales.

A K-teoria algébrica é um ramo da álgebra que associa para cada anel com unidade R, uma sequência de grupos abelianos chamados os n-ésimos K-grupos de R. Em 1970, Daniel Quillen dá uma definição geral dos K-grupos de um anel qualquer R a partir da +-construção do espaço classificante BGL(R). Por outro lado, considerando R um anel comutativo, obtém-se também a definição dos K-grupos de Milnor KMn (R). Usando o produto dos K-grupos de Quillen e Milnor e suas estruturas anti-comutativas, definimos o seguinte homomorfismo tn : KMn (R) &rarr; Kn(R): Mostraremos nesta dissertação que se R é um anel local com ideal maximal m tal que R / m é um corpo infinito, então esse homomorfismo é um isomorfismo para 0 &le; n &le; 2. Em geral tn nem sempre é injetor ou sobrejetor. Por exemplo quando n = 3, sabe-se que t3 não é sobrejetor e definimos a parte indecomponível de K3(R) como sendo o grupo Kind3 (R) := coker (KM3 (R) &rarr; t3 K3(R)). Usando alguns resultados de homologia dos grupos lineares, nesta dissertação mostraremos a existência da sequência exata de Bloch-Wigner para corpos infinitos. Esta sequência dá uma descrição explícita da parte indecomponível do terceiro K-grupo de um corpo infinito. TEOREMA (Sequência exata de Bloch-Wigner). Seja F um corpo infinito e seja p(F) o grupo de pre-Bloch de F, isto é, o grupo quociente do grupo abeliano livre gerado pelos símbolos [a], a &isin; F×, pelo subgrupo gerado por elementos da forma [a] - [b] + [b/a] - [1-a-1 /1-b-1] + [1-a /1-b] com a, b &isin; F× - {1}, a /= b. Então temos a sequência exata TorZ1 (&mu; (F), &mu; (F)) ~ &rarr; Kind3 (F) &rarr; p(F) &rarr; (F× &#8855; ZFx)&sigma; F×)&sigma; &rarr; K2(F) &rarr; 0 onde (F× &#8855; ZF×)&sigma; := (F×; &#8855; ZF×)/<a &#8855; b + b &#8855; a | a, b &isin; F×> e TorZ1 (&mu; (F); &mu; (F)) ~ é a única extensão não trivial de Z=2Z por TorZ1 (&mu; (F); &mu; (F)) se char(F) &ne; 2 e &mu; 2 &infin; (F) é finito e é TorZ1 (&mu; (F); &mu; (F)) caso contrário. O homomorfismo p(F) &rarr; (F× &#8855; ZF×) &sigma; é definido por [a] &rarr; a &#8855; (1-a). O estudo da sequência exata de Bloch-Wigner é justificada pela relação entre o segundo e terceiro K-grupo de um corpo F. / The algebraic K-theory is a branch of algebra that associates to any ring with unit R a sequence of abelian groups called n-th K-groups of R. In 1970, Daniel Quillen gave a general definition of K-groups of any ring R using the +-construction of the classifying space BGL(R). On the other hand, if we consider a commutative ring R, we can define the Milnors K-groups, KMn (R), of R. Using the product of the Quillen and Milnors K-groups and their anti-commutative structure, we define a natural homomorphism tn : KMn (R) &rarr; Kn(R): In this dissertation, we show that if R is a local ring with maximal ideal m such that R=m is infinite, then this map is an isomorphism for 0<= n<= 2. But in general tn is not injective nor is surjective. For example when n = 3, we know that t3 is not surjective and define the indecomposable part of K3(R) as the group Kind3 (R) := coker (KM3 (R) &rarr; t3 K3(R)). Using some results about the homology of linear groups, in this dissertation we will prove the Bloch-Wigner exact sequence over infinite fields. This exact sequence gives us a precise description of the indecomposable part of the third K-group of an infinite field. THEOREM (Bloch-Wigner exact sequence). Let F be an infinite field and let p(F) be the pre-Bloch group of F, that is, the quotient group of the free abelian group generated by symbols [a], a &isin; F× - [1}, by the subgroup generated by the elements of the form [a][b]+ b/a][ 1-a-1/1-b-1]+ [1-a/1-b] with a; b &isin; F×, a =/ b. Then we have the exact sequence TorZ1 (&mu; (F), &mu; (F)) ~ &rarr; Kind3 (F) &rarr; p(F) &rarr; (F× &#8855; ZF×)$sigma; &rarr; K2(F) &rarr; 0 where (F× &#8855; ZF×)&sigma; := (F× &#8855; ZF×) / a &38855; b +b &#8855; a | a; b &isin; F× and TorZ1(&mu;(F);&mu;(F)) is the unique non trivial extension of Z=2Z by TorZ1 (&mu; (F); &mu; (F)) if char(F) =/ 2 and &mu;2 &infin; is finite and is TorZ1 (&mu; (F);&mu; (F)) otherwise. The homomorphism p(F) &rarr; (F×ZF×)%sigma; is defined by [a] &rarr; a &#8855; (1-a). As it is shown, the study of the Bloch-Wigner exact sequence is also justified by the relation between the second and third K-group of a field F.

Purpose: Prescription stimulant use as "cognitive enhancers" has been described among undergraduate college students. However, the use of prescription stimulants among future health care professionals is not well characterized. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of prescription stimulant misuse among students at an academic health sciences center. Method: Electronic surveys were e-mailed to 621 medical, pharmacy, and respiratory therapy students at East Tennessee State University for four consecutive weeks in fall 2011. Completing the survey was voluntary and anonymous. Surveys asked about reasons for, frequency of, and side effects of nonprescription misuse of prescription stimulants. Given the sensitive material, an opportunity to win one of ten $50 gift cards was used as an incentive. Results: Three hundred seventy-two (59.9%) students completed the survey from three disciplines (47.6% medical, 70.5% pharmacy, and 57.6% respiratory therapy). Overall, 11.3% of responders admitted to misusing prescription stimulants. There was more misuse by respiratory therapy students, although this was not statistically significant (10.9% medicine, 9.7% pharmacy, 26.3% respiratory therapy; P = .087). Reasons for prescription stimulant misuse included to enhance alertness/energy (65.9%), to improve academic performance (56.7%), to experiment (18.2%), and to use recreationally/get high (4.5%). Conclusions: Prescription stimulant misuse was prevalent among participating students, but further research is needed to describe prevalence among future health care workers more generally. The implications and consequences of such misuse require further study across professions with emphasis on investigating issues of academic dishonesty (e.g., "cognitive enhancement"), educational quality, and patient safety or health care quality.

Cette thèse explore la relation entre les catégories de modules sur les catégories différentielles graduées (abrégées DG) petites, d'une part, et les catégories triangulées bien engendrées d'autre part. Dans la première partie, on construit la catégorie dérivée $\alpha$-continue D_\alpha A d'une catégorie DG $\alpha$-cocomplète petite A, où $\alpha$ est un cardinal régulier. Cette construction jouit d'une propriété très intéressante, qui est la clef pour démontrer le théorème principal de la thèse. Les catégories D_\alpha A s'avèrent être les prototypes des catégories triangulées algébriques à engendrement $\alpha$-compact. On entend par algébrique, équivalente, en tant que catégorie triangulée à la catégorie stable d'une catégorie de Frobenius. Le résultat principal établit que les catégories algébriques bien engendrées sont précisément celles qui sont des localisations de la catégorie dérivée d'une catégorie DG petite. Ce résultat rappelle beaucoup un théorème de Gabriel et Popescu de 1964, qui caractérise les catégories abéliennes de Grothendieck comme des localisations de catégories de modules sur des anneaux. Il donne aussi une réponse positive à une question de Drinfeld qui demandait si toutes les catégories triangulées bien engendrées sont des localisations de catégories triangulées à engendrement compact, pour la classe des catégories triangulées algébriques. Dans la deuxième partie, on étudie les catégories DA et D_\alpha A en utilisant la structure projective de catégories de modèles de Quillen présente sur la catégorie des DG modules. On introduit la sous-catégorie des DG modules cofibrants homotopiquement $\alpha$-compacts et on montre que sa catégorie homotopique est précisément la catégorie dérivée $\alpha$-continue D_\alpha A. Cela nous permet de donner une deuxième preuve, complètement différente du résultat-clef de la première partie.

Cette thèse de doctorat a pour sujet les modèles de la théorie homotopique des types avec l'Axiome d'Univalence introduit par Vladimir Voevodsky. L'auteur prend pour cadre de travail les définitions de type-theoretic model category, type-theoretic fibration category (cette dernière étant la notion de modèle considérée dans cette thèse) et d'univers dans une type-theoretic fibration category, définitions dues à Michael Shulman. La problématique principale de cette thèse consiste à approfondir notre compréhension de la stabilité de l'Axiome d'Univalence pour les catégories de préfaisceaux, en particulier pour les groupoïdes équipés d'une involution. / This PhD thesis deals with some new models of Homotopy Type Theory and the Univalence Axiom introduced by Vladimir Voevodsky. Our work takes place in the framework of the definitions of type-theoretic model categories, type-theoretic fibration categories (the notion of model under consideration in this thesis) and universe in a type-theoretic fibration category, definitions due to Michael Shulman. The goal of this thesis consists mainly in the exploration of the stability of the Univalence Axiom for categories of functors , especially for groupoids equipped with involutions.

Le thème de cette thèse est les différents aspects de la théorie de Borel-Moore dans le monde motivique. Classiquement, sur le corps des nombres complexes, l’homologie de Borel-Moore, aussi appelée “homologie à support compact”, possède des propriétés assez différentes comparée avec l’homologie singulière. Dans cette thèse on étudiera quelques généralisations et applications de cette théorie dans les catégories triangulées de motifs.La thèse est composée de deux parties. Dans la première partie on définit l'homologie motivique de Borel-Moore dans les catégories triangulées de motifs mixtes définies par Cisinski et Déglise et étudie ses diverses propriétés fonctorielles, tout particulièrement une fonctorialité analogue au morphisme de Gysin raffiné défini par Fulton. Ces résultats nous serviront ensuite à identifier le coeur de la structure de poids de Chow définie par Hébert et Bondarko: il se trouve que le coeur, autrement dit la catégorie des éléments de poids zéro, est équivalente à une version relative des motifs purs de Chow sur une base définie par Corti et Hanamura.Dans la deuxième partie on démontre la représentabilité de la G-théorie de Quillen, sous la reformulation de Thomason, dans un premier temps dans la catégorie A1-homotopique des schémas de Morel-Voevodsky, mais aussi dans la catégorie homotopique stable construite par Jardine. On établit une identification de celle-ci comme la théorie de Borel-Moore associée à la K-théorie algébrique, en utilisant le formalisme des six foncteurs établi par Ayoub et Cisinski-Déglise. / The theme of this thesis is different aspects of Borel-Moore theory in the world of motives. Classically, over the field of complex numbers, Borel-Moore homology, also called “homology with compact support”, has some properties quite different from singular homology. In this thesis we study some generalizations and applications of this theory in triangulated categories of motives.The thesis is composed of two parts. In the first part we define Borel-Moore motivic homology in the triangulated categories of mixed motives defined by Cisinski and Déglise and study its various functorial properties, especially a functoriality similar to the refined Gysin morphism defined by Fulton. These results are then used to identify the heart of the Chow weight structure defined by Hébert and Bondarko: it turns out that the heart, namely the category of elements of weight zero, is equivalent to a relative version of pure Chow motives over a base defined by Corti and Hanamura.In the second part we show the representability of Quillen’s G-theory, reformulated by Thomason, firstly in the A1-homotopy category of schemes of Morel-Voevodsky, but also in the stable homotopy category constructed by Jardine. We establish an identification of G-theory as the Borel-Moore theory associated to algebraic K-theory, by using the six functors formalism settled by Ayoub and Cisinski-Déglise.