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Contours can be understood as the shape or format of an object. In Music contour can represent a parameter in function of another, like pitch in function of density or density in function of amplitude. Contours are important because, as well as pitch sets and motives, they can help giving coherence to a musical piece.Theories of contours have been used in areas such as Ear Training and Analysis, but the systematic use of contours for generation of compositional material is an issue still lacking literature.In this thesis I present the piece "Em torno da romã" [Around the pomegranate] and its analysis. This piece, for woodwind quintet, was composed using combinations of contour operations associated with parameters such as pitch, tempo, density and texture. In order to accomplish this task, I did a literature review of contour theories, I did a mapping of contours to musical elements, I composed studies of possibilities for experimentation with contours, I develop the Goiaba, a software to assist in processing contours for composition, and finally composed the piece "Em torno da romã".This study helps to advance the state of art of contour theories through composition contour operations experiments using contour operations and contributes with new tools to the composition field.My conclusion is that contours can be used in a systematic way in musical composition, but we still need further study. Thus this depth and continuity in development of Goiaba are possible future activities resulting from this work.

O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo realizar um estudo analítico e interpretativo da Suíte para quinteto de sopros de Radamés Gnattali. Para introduzir e contextualizar esse estudo, apresenta, na Primeira Parte, um levantamento biográfico e histórico da vida do compositor. A Segunda Parte focaliza a obra. Introduz aspectos da forma Suíte, bem como das formas características dos movimentos: Prelúdio, Valsa, Modinha e Choro, além de enumerar considerações sobre a formação Quinteto de Sopros. Segue com o estudo analítico da obra através das técnicas de análise musical desenvolvidas por Arnold Schoenberg, Wallace Berry e Joaquín Zamacois. Desse estudo são levantadas informações a respeito da linguagem empregada, quais os elementos composicionais característicos utilizados pelo compositor e como ele os manipula. Também de acordo com esse estudo analítico, estão indicadas sugestões sobre a execução da obra, apontando aspectos relevantes da interpretação nos cinco instrumentos envolvidos. A conclusão reúne as informações de maior interesse obtidas da análise efetuada, e de orientações a respeito da execução da obra. Em anexo se encontram: relação de obras e fonografia de Radamés Gnattali, a partitura e um CD com a gravação da Suíte executada pelo Quinteto de Sopros de Curitiba, grupo do qual o autor dessa pesquisa faz parte. / The main objective of the present research is to present an Analysis and an interpretative Study of the Suíte for Woodwind Quintet by Radamés Gnattali. For the sake of contextualization, the First Part presents biographical and historical data of the composer\'s life. The Second Part focuses on the piece. It starts with aspects of the Suit and introduces the forms involved in each movement: Prelúdio, Valsa, Modinha and Choro. It follows with the Analysis of the piece according to the techniques of musical analysis developed by Arnold Schoenberg Wallace Berry e Joaquín Zamacois. The analytical process leads up to information about the used compositional language, the typical compositional elements, and how the composer uses them. Furthermore, according to this analytical study, there are suggestions concerning the performance of the piece, pointing to relevant aspects of woodwind quintet interpretation. The conclusion gathers the most prominent information acquired from the overall Analysis of the work, and from the suggestions on the performance of this piece as well. As appendixes, there are a list of works by Radamés Gnattali and his phonography, the music score, and a recording on CD of the piece, performed by Wind Quintet Curitiba, group founded by the author of this research.

¡§Transcription¡¨ was a common compositional technique used by composers during the nineteenth century. Composers arranged pieces in order to obtain various acoustic effects or fulfill different requests for performers; this type of arrangement is referred to as a ¡§transcription.¡¨ During that time, because the broadcast had not yet been created, the phonograph was uncommon; however, music became popular, pianos gradually owned by the bourgeoisie and polite societies. Composers often arranged pieces of music for the solo piano or small ensembles in order to help audiences easily understand the large musical work. This also contributed to an increased demand for piano works in the music publishing market. Most of Brahms¡¦s transcriptions are transcribed from his original pieces. In the transcriptions of his original works, Brahms often changes the instrumentation, with the piano being the most important instrument in many of his transcriptions. Sonata for Two Pianos, Op. 34b which this paper discusses as being the first composed for the string quintet, was altered in its instrumentation by Brahms to create two different versions, including Sonata for Two Pianos, Op. 34b and String Quintet, Op. 34. The contents of this thesis are divided into three parts besides introduction and conclusion. The first part describes various transcriptions and the features of these works. The contents first discuss the compositional techniques of transcription in the nineteenth century, and then investigate the characteristics of transcription in the works of Brahms. The second part is the motives behind Brahms¡¦s choice of instrumentation in his transcription. The last part describes the historical context of Sonata for Two Pianos, Op. 34b. This part discusses Brahms¡¦s procedures in his transcription of Sonata for Two Pianos, Op. 34b, and discusses the influence of Schubert¡¦s String Quintet, Op. 163 on Brahms¡¦s Sonata for Two Pianos, Op. 34b.

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This dissertation examines the following works from the original repertoire of the American Brass Quintet (ABQ): Charles Whittenberg, Triptych for Brass Quintet; Ralph Shapey, Brass Quintet; Gilbert Amy, Relais; William Lovelock, Suite for Brass; Leonardo Balada, Mosaico; Virgil Thomson, Family Portrait; Elliott Carter, Brass Quintet; Jacob Druckman, Other Voices; Robert Starer, Evanescence; Dan Welcher, Brass Quintet; Vladimir Ussachevsky, Dialogues and Contrasts; David Sampson, Morning Music; Maurice Wright, Quintet; and Eric Ewazen, Colchester Fantasy. These works represent a small part of the ABQ's repertoire and attest tothe significance of the ensemble's contribution to brass quintet literature. The purpose of this study is to bring these works to the attention of performers and to provide a guide for those wishing to perform them. Composers will be interested in the discussion of compositional techniques. The fourteen works are studied in chronological order and in the following manner: composer biography, historical background of composition, descriptive analysis (form, harmony, melody, rhythm, texture), and performance considerations (range, special techniques, use of basstrombone or tuba, and equipment needs). Program notes from the ABQ's performances of the works, many written by the composers, are included.Through the study of these works the following conclusions are reached: (1) the ABQ has influenced the development of university brass programs and has helped to make brass quintet experience an integral part of brass education, (2) it has encouraged composers to write for brass quintet, and (3) the ABQ has played a significant role in developing an original brass quintet repertoire. Through its residencies at the Aspen Music Festival and the Juilliard School of Music and touring, the ABQ has reached a large number of students, performers, and composers throughout the world. The quintet's performances of new music has inspired composers to write for brass quintet; the group receives many unsolicited scores each year. Since its founding in 1960, the ABQ has been a leader in the commissioning of original works for brass quintet and has played a significant role in the development of the brass quintet repertoire. / School of Music

abstract: Despite a quickly growing repertoire list for the brass quintet, the music of the early Argentine tango has remained relatively neglected by brass quintet arrangers and performers. With the goal of bringing a neglected art form to the brass quintet repertoire, three arrangements based on early twentieth century Argentine tango songs are presented here: "Elegante Papirusa" by Tito Roccatagliata, "A La Gran Muñeca" by Jesús Ventura, and "La Cotorrita" by Samuel Castriota. The arrangements follow the style of three early recordings produced by The Victor Talking Machine in 1920 and 1922, as performed by two authentic Argentine orquesta típicas: Orquesta Típica Select and Orquesta Típica Fresedo. A brief history of the style and instrumental evolution of tango music from its influences and origins up until 1920 is discussed, followed by a detailed account of the musicians and circumstances involved in the three early recordings. An explanation of the issues encountered by the author in adapting the early tango style to the brass quintet setting is discussed, along with the solutions realized in order to make the project successful and practical for a moderately advanced brass quintet. The full brass quintet scores are provided as part of the Appendix. / Dissertation/Thesis / D.M.A. Music 2011

The trumpet has always maintained a central role in the jazz genre. However, throughout the history of chamber music the trumpet was overlooked until the mid-twentieth century when brass chamber music and mixed chamber ensembles rose to popularity. An infiltration of the popular American style, jazz, into classical chamber music changed composers' treatment of the trumpet. This thesis focuses on the role and treatment of the trumpet in selected jazz-influenced classical chamber works in order to highlight that the trumpet's prominence in jazz helped to establish its place in twentieth-century chamber music. A brief history of classical brass chamber music and the origins and development of jazz is given. Trumpet performance techniques and compositional practices idiomatic to the different jazz style periods, ranging from ragtime to cool jazz, are given. These techniques are then traced through selected chamber music works of Stravinsky, Martinu, Schuller, Babbitt, and Wilson. Selected works were chosen based on the degree of jazz influence and are representations of the jazz style period they emulate. A comparison of how classical composers in Europe and the United States viewed the trumpet in jazz, in regards to chamber music, is detailed over the course of the twentieth century.

O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo realizar um estudo analítico e interpretativo da Suíte para quinteto de sopros de Radamés Gnattali. Para introduzir e contextualizar esse estudo, apresenta, na Primeira Parte, um levantamento biográfico e histórico da vida do compositor. A Segunda Parte focaliza a obra. Introduz aspectos da forma Suíte, bem como das formas características dos movimentos: Prelúdio, Valsa, Modinha e Choro, além de enumerar considerações sobre a formação Quinteto de Sopros. Segue com o estudo analítico da obra através das técnicas de análise musical desenvolvidas por Arnold Schoenberg, Wallace Berry e Joaquín Zamacois. Desse estudo são levantadas informações a respeito da linguagem empregada, quais os elementos composicionais característicos utilizados pelo compositor e como ele os manipula. Também de acordo com esse estudo analítico, estão indicadas sugestões sobre a execução da obra, apontando aspectos relevantes da interpretação nos cinco instrumentos envolvidos. A conclusão reúne as informações de maior interesse obtidas da análise efetuada, e de orientações a respeito da execução da obra. Em anexo se encontram: relação de obras e fonografia de Radamés Gnattali, a partitura e um CD com a gravação da Suíte executada pelo Quinteto de Sopros de Curitiba, grupo do qual o autor dessa pesquisa faz parte. / The main objective of the present research is to present an Analysis and an interpretative Study of the Suíte for Woodwind Quintet by Radamés Gnattali. For the sake of contextualization, the First Part presents biographical and historical data of the composer\'s life. The Second Part focuses on the piece. It starts with aspects of the Suit and introduces the forms involved in each movement: Prelúdio, Valsa, Modinha and Choro. It follows with the Analysis of the piece according to the techniques of musical analysis developed by Arnold Schoenberg Wallace Berry e Joaquín Zamacois. The analytical process leads up to information about the used compositional language, the typical compositional elements, and how the composer uses them. Furthermore, according to this analytical study, there are suggestions concerning the performance of the piece, pointing to relevant aspects of woodwind quintet interpretation. The conclusion gathers the most prominent information acquired from the overall Analysis of the work, and from the suggestions on the performance of this piece as well. As appendixes, there are a list of works by Radamés Gnattali and his phonography, the music score, and a recording on CD of the piece, performed by Wind Quintet Curitiba, group founded by the author of this research.