Orientador: Antonio Fernando Ribeiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T13:21:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mathiazzi_IsabellaChiarini_M.pdf: 1597687 bytes, checksum: 20d1c4dff9a3dbb344a4d175911ae3cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A fibrose cística (FC) é uma doença multissistêmica, hereditária, limitante da vida. As infecções respiratórias, principalmente por Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) são responsáveis por repetidas exacerbações pulmonares, que evoluem para deterioração da função pulmonar, principal causa de morbi-mortalidade da FC. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade genotípica e fenotípica da P. aeruginosa isolada em dois momentos na evolução da doença pulmonar em pacientes com FC atendidos em um centro de referência. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo longitudinal. A secreção respiratória foi coletada sob a forma de escarro ou swab de orofaringe, efetuada sua identificação microbiológica e análise por Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Os dados foram apresentados de forma descritiva e em tabelas, o programa utilizado foi o SAS versão 8.02. Foram incluídos 81 pacientes, 52 apresentaram P. aeruginosa e 29 não apresentaram, foram identificadas 71 cepas não - mucóide e 67 mucóide. RAPD identificou 14 padrões com o primer 208 e 10 padrões com o primer 272. Exceto no caso dos irmãos gêmeos, não foram observadas cepas com mesmo padrão. Em nosso estudo, verificamos heterogeneidade da P. aeruginosa, independente do fenótipo da colônia. Observamos que 35,29% dos pacientes mantiveram um único genótipo. Os resultados mostraram: uma distribuição homogênea das cepas mucóide e não-mucóide; ausência de relação entre o genótipo e o fenótipo da P. aeruginosa; heterogeneidade fenotípica e genotípica da P. aeruginosa entre os pacientes fibrocísticos e na evolução de um mesmo paciente; evidências de não aquisição da P. aeruginosa pelos pacientes no ambiente de nosso centro de atendimento; um único caso de infecção cruzada (gemelares) / Abstract: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multiorgan inherited disease, and it restricts life. The respiratory infections, mainly by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), are responsible for repeated lung exacerbations, which progress to the deterioration of lung functioning, the main cause of morbi-mortality of CF. The purpose of this work was to analyze the variability of P. aeruginosa regarding its genetic and phenotypic characteristics isolated in two moments during the evolution of the lung disease in patients with CF. A longitudinal descriptive study was performed. Respiratory secretion was collected as sputum or oropharynx swab, its microbiological identification and analysis by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The data were presented in a descriptive way and in tables; SAS 8.02 the program used. 81 of the patients were included, 52 presented P. aeruginosa, 29 didn¿t present it; non-mucoid strains were identified in 71 of the samples and mucoid strains in 67. RAPD identified 14 patterns with primer 208 and 10 patterns with primer 272. With exception of the twin siblings¿ case, strains with the same pattern were not observed. In our study, we verified high P. aeruginosa heterogeneity, independent of the colony phenotype. We observed that 35,29% of the patients conserved only one P. aeruginosa genotype. The results showed: a balanced distribution of mucoid and non-mucoid strains; that there isn¿t a relationship between the P. aeruginosa genotype and phenotype; there was a phenotypical and genotypical P. aeruginosa heterogeneity among patients with cystic fibrosis and in the evolution of the same patient; there was no evidence of acquisition of P. aeruginosa by the patients environment in our care centre; only one case of cross-infection (twins) / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / The Rural Aquaculture Development Programme (RADP) of the Division of Aquaculture at Stellenbosch University (DASU) has the objective of socio-economic development of farm workers and rural communities from previously disadvantaged communities through the provision of opportunities for sustainable economic development by establishing small-scale fish-farming systems on irrigation dams. The Small-Scale Aquaculture Farming Systems (SSAFS) is an initiative of RADP. DASU intends implementing 20 new projects by the end of 2005, 100 by 2010 and at least 200 by 2020. Thus far, sites which can accommodate 25 projects have been identified. The owners of the land on which these 25 possible projects are located are being contacted to gain permission to use the sites for the SSAFS. It is possible that some of the owners of the sites will not allow them to be used so that not all 25 projects will necessarily be implemented. At present the predominant search method employed by DASU to find new sites involves two steps. Initially knowledge is acquired through word of mouth about dams that may be suitable. Personnel then drive to these dams for further inspection, to see if they are indeed suitable. This method of search is clearly both expensive and time-consuming. Geographical information systems (GIS) have as yet not been considered as an alternative and/or supplementary site selection method for the SSAFS. GIS tools and principles can reduce both expenses and time in locating sites by reducing the number of dams to be visited to only those that are optimal (i.e. they present the least risk of the SSAFS projects failing). A new site selection methodology using GIS was developed which is faster and less expensive than existing site selection methods. The GIS site selection methodology revolves around the isolation and selection of dams in the Berg and Breede River water management areas, based on their ability to fulfil certain parameters of critical variables comprising dam dimensions, environmental issues, distance measures and site security, according to a priority hierarchy, that determine a successful site for trout farming according to methods employed by the SSAFS. Once this methodology was produced, it was presented to five people who are directly involved with the SSAFS as well as four others who are not involved with the SSAFS but who might find the methodology useful, to determine whether they hold that the methodology is indeed better than existing search methodologies. Those who were presented the GIS site selection methodology felt that it is very useful and that it could be employed in future to make more informed choices when locating new sites for the SSAFS as well as other aquacultural enterprises.