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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Desenvolvimento e implementação de um novo sistema pneumático de transferência para irradiação de materiais no reator IEA-R1 / Development and implementation of a new pneumatic transfer system for materials irradiation at IEA-R1 reactor

FERNANDO, ALBERTO de J. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:33:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Sistemas Pneumáticos de Transferência - \"Pneumatic Transfer Systems\" (PTS) são equipamentos mecânicos amplamente e mundialmente utilizados para o transporte, movimentação e transferência de diversos tipos de materiais, objetos e cargas entre dois ou mais terminais localizados em locais próximos ou distantes um do outro. Devido à sua versatilidade e rapidez, a aplicabilidade do sistema se faz presente em diversas áreas da sociedade tais como medicina (hospitais e laboratórios de análises clínicas); indústria (civil, automobilística, siderúrgica, metalúrgica, mineração, química, de alimentos); comércio (postos de gasolina, cinemas, supermercados, bancos, pedágios, empresas de venda de produtos por internet, cassinos); serviços públicos (repartições públicas, cortes de justiça, correios e telégrafos). Na área nuclear o PTS também tem uma vasta aplicabilidade nas diversas instalações nucleares, destacando-se a sua utilização como parte do processo de produção de radioisótopos e radiofármacos de meia vida curta tais como 67Ga, 201Tl, 18F e 123I-ultra puro, instalações de eliminação e estocagem de resíduos radioativos e áreas de pesquisa que utilizam o método analítico de Análise por Ativação Neutrônica (AAN). O desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi direcionado para o projeto, construção, instalação e implementação de um novo Sistema de Transferência Pneumático para transporte e transferência de materiais que são irradiados no núcleo do reator IEA-R1, localizado no Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), para aplicação da técnica de AAN. Para sua instalação foi calculado a carga sobre a placa matriz do núcleo do reator e os testes de envio e retorno da amostra em análise. O fluxo neutrônico na posição de irradiação foi determinado utilizando a técnica de folhas de Au (ativação) apresentando um valor de 3,70±0,26.1012 n cm-2 s-1. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
22

Calibração dos canais nucleares do reator IPEN/MB-01, obtida a partir da medida da distribuição espacial do fluxo de nêutrons térmicos no núcleo do reator através da irradiação de folhas de ouro infinitamente diluídas / Calibration of the nuclear power channels of the IPEN/MB-01 reactor obtained from the measurements of the spatial thermal neutron flux distribution in the reactor core through the irradiation of infinitely diluted gold foils

GONCALVES, LUCAS B. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:54:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 12782.pdf: 5810159 bytes, checksum: 89e60520369008e4796ebb925cf90bdb (MD5) / Muitos parâmetros nucleares são obtidos através da espectrometria gama de alvos irradiados no núcleo de um reator de pesquisa e este é o caso das folhas de ativação que possibilitam através da medida da atividade radioativa nelas induzidas, determinar o fluxo de nêutrons no local onde foram irradiadas. O nível de potência de operação do reator é um parâmetro diretamente proporcional ao fluxo médio de nêutrons no núcleo. Esse trabalho objetiva determinar a potência de operação do reator através da medida da distribuição espacial do fluxo de nêutrons no núcleo do reator IPEN/MB-01, através da irradiação de folhas de ouro infinitamente diluídas e criteriosamente posicionadas em seu interior. Essas folhas estão dispostas na forma de ligas metálicas em níveis de concentração tais, que fenômenos de perturbação de fluxo, como o fator de auto-blindagem, se tornem desprezíveis. As folhas de ativação possuem somente 1% de átomos de ouro dispersos numa matriz de alumínio contendo 99% deste elemento. As irradiações das folhas foram realizadas com e sem cobertura de cádmio. A total correlação entre fluxo de nêutrons térmico médio obtido pela irradiação das folhas de ativação infinitamente diluídas e a média dos valores digitais das correntes dos canais nucleares de potência 5 e 6 (câmaras de ionização não compensadas - CINC), permitem a calibração dos canais nucleares do reator IPEN/MB-01. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
23

QUENCH OF CYLINDRICAL TUBES DURING TRANSITION FROM FILM TO NUCLEATE BOILING HEAT TRANSFER IN CANDU REACTOR CORE

Takrouri, Kifah January 2011 (has links)
Study of quench cooling is very important in nuclear reactor safety for limiting the extent of core damage during the early stages of severe accidents after Loss of Coolant Accidents (LOCA). Quench of a hot dry surface involves the rapid decrease in surface temperature resulting from bringing the hot surface into sudden contact with a coolant at a lower temperature. The quench temperature is the onset of the rapid decrease in the surface temperature and corresponds to the onset of destabilization of a vapor film that exists between the hot surface and the coolant. Re-wetting the surface is the establishment of direct contact between the surface and the liquid at the so-called re-wetting temperature. Re-wetting is characterized by the formation of a wet patch on the surface which then spreads to cover the entire surface. Situations involving quench and re-wetting heat transfer are encountered in a number of postulated accidents in Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) reactors, such as re-wetting of a hot dry calandria tube in a critical break LOCA. This accident results in high heat transfer from the calandria tube to the surrounding moderator liquid which can cause the calandria tube surface to experience dryout and a subsequent escalation in the surface temperature. If the calandria tube temperature is not reduced by initiation of quench heat transfer, then this may lead to subsequent fuel channel failure. In literature very limited knowledge is available on quench and re-wetting of hot curved surfaces like the calandria tubes. In this study, a Water Quench Facility (WQF) has been constructed and a series of experiments were conducted to investigate the quench and re-wetting of hot horizontal tubes by a vertical rectangular water multi-jet system. The tubes were heated to a temperature between 380-800°C in a controlled temperature furnace then cooled to the jet temperature. The temperature variation with time in the circumferential and the axial directions of the tubes has been measured. The twophase flow behavior and the propagation of the re-wetting front around and along the tubes were simultaneously observed by using a high-speed camera. The effects of several parameters on the cooling process have been investigated. These parameters include: initial surface temperature, water subcooling (in the range 15- 800C), jet velocity (in the range 0.15-1.60 m/s), tube solid material (brass, steel and Alumina), surface curvature, tube wall thickness, jet orientation and number of jets. The variables studied include the re-wetting delay time (time to quench after initiating the cooling process), there-wetting front propagation velocity, the quench and re-wetting temperatures, the quench cooling rates and the boiling region size. The quench and the re-wetting temperatures as well as the re-wetting delay time were found to be a strong function of water subcooling. The quench and re-wetting temperatures increase with increasing water subcooling. The rewetting delay time decreases with increasing the water subcooling, decreasing initial surface temperature, increasing liquid velocity and decreasing the surface curvature. There-wetting front velocity is mainly dependent on the initial surface temperature and water subcooling. The re-wetting velocity increases by decreasing the initial surface temperature and by increasing the water subcooling. Decreasing the surface curvature was found to also increase the re-wetting front velocity. Correlations of the phenomena studied have been developed and provided good prediction of the experimental data collected in this study and data available from literature. The. results of this study provide novel knowledge and an experimental database for mechanistic modeling of quench heat transfer on calandria tube surfaces that experience dryout and film boiling. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
24

Medida do buckling e da probabilidade de fuga de nêutrons do núcleo do reator IPEN/MB-01 / Determination of buckling and probability of leakage of neutron in the IPEN/MB-01 reactor in cylindrical configuration

Purgato, Rafael Turrini 24 September 2014 (has links)
Um dos parâmetros fundamentais da física de reatores é a curvatura do fluxo de nêutrons (Buckling) do núcleo do reator. Ele está relacionado com outros parâmetros importantes, tais como as taxas de reação, potencia de operação, queima de combustível, entre outros. Num reator crítico, o Buckling depende das características geométricas e de material do núcleo do reator. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados do Buckling experimental para o reator nuclear IPEN/MB-01 em sua configuração cilíndrica com 28 barras de combustível ao longo de seu diâmetro. O IPEN/MB-01 é um reator de potência zero projetado para operar em uma potência máxima nominal de 100 watts. É uma instalação nuclear versátil que permite a simulação de todas as características de um grande reator nuclear e ideal para este tipo de medição. Foi realizado um mapeamento do fluxo de nêutrons no interior do reator e, assim, determinado o Buckling total da configuração cilíndrica. O reator foi operado durante uma hora para cada experimento. Em seguida, a taxa de reação nuclear das varetas de combustível foram medidas por espectrometria gama em um detector de germânio hiper-puro (HPGe) que escaneou as varetas axial e radialmente. Foram analisados os fótons gama do 239Np ( 276,6 keV ), gerado a partir da captura de nêutrons epitérmicos e rápidos, e do 143Ce ( 293,3 keV ), gerado por fissão em ambos 238U e 235U, respectivamente. Foram analisadas as direções axial e radial. Outras medições foram realizadas com fios e folhas de ouro nas direções radial e axial do núcleo do reator. O Buckling total obtido a partir da média ponderada dos três métodos medidos é de 96,55 ± 7,47 m-2. Os objetivo dos valores experimentais obtidos é obter um conjunto de dados experimentais que permitam uma comparação direta com valores calculados pelos códigos de Física de Reatores CITATION e MCNP. / One of the key parameters in reactor physics is the Buckling of a reactor core. It is related to important parameters such as reaction rates, nuclear power operation, fuel burning, among others. In a critical reactor, the Buckling depends on the geometric and material characteristics of the reactor core. This work presents the results of experimental Buckling in the reactor IPEN/MB-01 nuclear reactor in its cylindrical configuration with 28 fuel rods along its diameter. The IPEN/MB-01 is a zero power reactor designed to operate at a maximum power of 100 watts, it is a versatile nuclear facility which allows the simulation of all the characteristics of a large nuclear power reactor and ideal for this type of measurement. We conducted a mapping of neutron flux inside the reactor and thereby determined the total Buckling of the cylindrical configuration. The reactor was operated for one hour. Then, the activity of the fuel rods was measured by gamma spectrometry on a rod scanner HPGe detector. We analyzed the gamma photons of the 239Np (276,6 keV) for neutron capture (n,γ) and the 143Ce (293,3 keV) for fission (n,f) on both 238U and 235U, respectively. We analyzed the axial and radial directions. Other measurements were performed using wires and gold foils in the radial and axial directions of the reactor core. The Buckling Total obtained from the three methods by weighted mean is 96,55 ± 7,47 m-2. The goal is to obtain experimental values of a set of experimental data to allow one direct comparison with values calculated by the codes used in reactor physics CITATION and MCNP.
25

Experimentos de efeitos de reatividade no reator nuclear IPEN/MB-01 / Reactivity effects experiments at IPEN/MB-01 nuclear reactor

PINTO, LETICIA N. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:34:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
26

Experimentos de efeitos de reatividade no reator nuclear IPEN/MB-01 / Reactivity effects experiments at IPEN/MB-01 nuclear reactor

PINTO, LETICIA N. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:34:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Pesquisas que tem como objetivo melhorar o desempenho de códigos de transporte de nêutrons e a qualidade de bases de dados de seções de choque nucleares são muito importantes para aumentar a acurácia de simulações e a qualidade de análises e predição de fenômenos no campo nuclear. Neste contexto, dados experimentais relevantes como medidas de reatividade induzida são necessários. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conduzir uma série de experimentos de medida de reatividade induzida, utilizando um reatímetro digital desenvolvido pelo IPEN. Os experimentos empregaram amostras metálicas inseridas na região central do núcleo do reator experimental IPEN/MB-01. A análise teórica foi realizada pelo código de física de reatores MCNP-5, desenvolvido e mantido pelo Los Alamos National Laboratory, e a biblioteca de dados nucleares ENDF/B-VII.0. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
27

Medida do buckling e da probabilidade de fuga de nêutrons do núcleo do reator IPEN/MB-01 / Determination of buckling and probability of leakage of neutron in the IPEN/MB-01 reactor in cylindrical configuration

Rafael Turrini Purgato 24 September 2014 (has links)
Um dos parâmetros fundamentais da física de reatores é a curvatura do fluxo de nêutrons (Buckling) do núcleo do reator. Ele está relacionado com outros parâmetros importantes, tais como as taxas de reação, potencia de operação, queima de combustível, entre outros. Num reator crítico, o Buckling depende das características geométricas e de material do núcleo do reator. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados do Buckling experimental para o reator nuclear IPEN/MB-01 em sua configuração cilíndrica com 28 barras de combustível ao longo de seu diâmetro. O IPEN/MB-01 é um reator de potência zero projetado para operar em uma potência máxima nominal de 100 watts. É uma instalação nuclear versátil que permite a simulação de todas as características de um grande reator nuclear e ideal para este tipo de medição. Foi realizado um mapeamento do fluxo de nêutrons no interior do reator e, assim, determinado o Buckling total da configuração cilíndrica. O reator foi operado durante uma hora para cada experimento. Em seguida, a taxa de reação nuclear das varetas de combustível foram medidas por espectrometria gama em um detector de germânio hiper-puro (HPGe) que escaneou as varetas axial e radialmente. Foram analisados os fótons gama do 239Np ( 276,6 keV ), gerado a partir da captura de nêutrons epitérmicos e rápidos, e do 143Ce ( 293,3 keV ), gerado por fissão em ambos 238U e 235U, respectivamente. Foram analisadas as direções axial e radial. Outras medições foram realizadas com fios e folhas de ouro nas direções radial e axial do núcleo do reator. O Buckling total obtido a partir da média ponderada dos três métodos medidos é de 96,55 ± 7,47 m-2. Os objetivo dos valores experimentais obtidos é obter um conjunto de dados experimentais que permitam uma comparação direta com valores calculados pelos códigos de Física de Reatores CITATION e MCNP. / One of the key parameters in reactor physics is the Buckling of a reactor core. It is related to important parameters such as reaction rates, nuclear power operation, fuel burning, among others. In a critical reactor, the Buckling depends on the geometric and material characteristics of the reactor core. This work presents the results of experimental Buckling in the reactor IPEN/MB-01 nuclear reactor in its cylindrical configuration with 28 fuel rods along its diameter. The IPEN/MB-01 is a zero power reactor designed to operate at a maximum power of 100 watts, it is a versatile nuclear facility which allows the simulation of all the characteristics of a large nuclear power reactor and ideal for this type of measurement. We conducted a mapping of neutron flux inside the reactor and thereby determined the total Buckling of the cylindrical configuration. The reactor was operated for one hour. Then, the activity of the fuel rods was measured by gamma spectrometry on a rod scanner HPGe detector. We analyzed the gamma photons of the 239Np (276,6 keV) for neutron capture (n,γ) and the 143Ce (293,3 keV) for fission (n,f) on both 238U and 235U, respectively. We analyzed the axial and radial directions. Other measurements were performed using wires and gold foils in the radial and axial directions of the reactor core. The Buckling Total obtained from the three methods by weighted mean is 96,55 ± 7,47 m-2. The goal is to obtain experimental values of a set of experimental data to allow one direct comparison with values calculated by the codes used in reactor physics CITATION and MCNP.
28

Optimisation multi-physique et multi-critère des coeurs de RNR-Na : application au concept CFV / Multi-objective and multi-physics optimization methodology for SFR core : application to CFV concept

Fabbris, Olivier 09 October 2014 (has links)
La conception du coeur d’un réacteur nucléaire est fortement multidisciplinaire (neutronique, thermo-hydraulique, thermomécanique du combustible, physique du cycle, etc.). Le problème est aussi de type multi-objectif (plusieurs performances) à grand nombre de dimensions (plusieurs dizaines de paramètres de conception).Les codes de calculs déterministes utilisés traditionnellement pour la caractérisation des coeurs demandant d’importantes ressources informatiques, l’approche de conception classique rend difficile l’exploration et l’optimisation de nouveaux concepts innovants. Afin de pallier ces difficultés, une nouvelle méthodologie a été développée lors de ces travaux de thèse. Ces travaux sont basés sur la mise en oeuvre et la validation de schémas de calculs neutronique et thermo-hydraulique pour disposer d’un outil de caractérisation d’un coeur de réacteur à neutrons rapides à caloporteur sodium tant du point de vue des performances neutroniques que de son comportement en transitoires accidentels.La méthodologie mise en oeuvre s’appuie sur la construction de modèles de substitution (ou métamodèles) aptes à remplacer la chaîne de calcul neutronique et thermo-hydraulique. Des méthodes mathématiques avancées pour la planification d’expériences, la construction et la validation des métamodèles permettent de remplacer cette chaîne de calcul par des modèles de régression au pouvoir de prédiction élevé.La méthode est appliquée à un concept innovant de coeur à Faible coefficient de Vidange sur un très large domaine d’étude, et à son comportement lors de transitoires thermo-hydrauliques non protégés pouvant amener à des situations incidentelles, voire accidentelles. Des analyses globales de sensibilité permettent d’identifier les paramètres de conception influents sur la conception du coeur et son comportement en transitoire. Des optimisations multicritères conduisent à des nouvelles configurations dont les performances sont parfois significativement améliorées. La validation des résultats produits au cours de ces travaux de thèse démontre la pertinence de la méthode au stade de la préconception d’un coeur de réacteur à neutrons rapides refroidi au sodium. / Nuclear reactor core design is a highly multidisciplinary task where neutronics, thermal-hydraulics, fuel thermo-mechanics and fuel cycle are involved. The problem is moreover multi-objective (several performances) and highly dimensional (several tens of design parameters).As the reference deterministic calculation codes for core characterization require important computing resources, the classical design method is not well suited to investigate and optimize new innovative core concepts. To cope with these difficulties, a new methodology has been developed in this thesis. Our work is based on the development and validation of simplified neutronics and thermal-hydraulics calculation schemes allowing the full characterization of Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor core regarding both neutronics performances and behavior during thermal hydraulic dimensioning transients.The developed methodology uses surrogate models (or metamodels) able to replace the neutronics and thermal-hydraulics calculation chain. Advanced mathematical methods for the design of experiment, building and validation of metamodels allows substituting this calculation chain by regression models with high prediction capabilities.The methodology is applied on a very large design space to a challenging core called CFV (French acronym for low void effect core) with a large gain on the sodium void effect. Global sensitivity analysis leads to identify the significant design parameters on the core design and its behavior during unprotected transient which can lead to severe accidents. Multi-objective optimizations lead to alternative core configurations with significantly improved performances. Validation results demonstrate the relevance of the methodology at the predesign stage of a Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor core.
29

Návrh programu pro výpočet výkonu a průtoku aktivní zónou z parametrů sekundárního okruhu pro JE s reaktorem VVER 440 / Evaluation of power and coolant flow in reactor core

Tvrdý, Miloslav January 2010 (has links)
This graduation thesis deals with evaluation of power and coolant flow in reactor core. The first part is a description of nuclear power plant VVER 440. It is focused on parts important for transfer and utilize energy in regular operating of generating block. In the second part, the equations for calculation of power and coolant flow in reactor core are deduced. The last part is about designing the program for calculation of published values. There are specified requirements for the program and on the basis of this the source code is written. The parts of code are described. In conclusion of this part, the user's manual is work out. The program is on CD in the annexe.
30

Förbättrade effektmarginaler med radiell anrikningsfördelning för PWR-bränsle / Improved peaking factors with radial enrichment distribution för PWR fuel assembly

Åkerman, Mattias January 2016 (has links)
In recent years, the enthalpy raise hot channel factor limit has decreased significantly due to the power upgrade of Ringhals 4 and the use of shielding fuel assemblies. The shielding fuel assemblies task are to reduce the neutron leakage to the reactor vessel and in that way extend the reactor lifetime. This is achieved by replacing a few fuel rods with steel rods. Experiences from the last fuel cycles show that the core design procedure has been hampered because of this and that it’s hard to stay under the design limit. A way to overcome this problem and to improve the fuel economy is to introduce the use of radial enrichment distribution in the fuel assembly. This master thesis shows, through a case study of three fuel cycles at Ringhals 4,  that the internal peaking factor can be improved by roughly 2–3 % and that the maximum enthalpy raise hot channel factor can be improved by about 2.0–2.5 % if the fuel assemblies contain three different levels of enrichments instead of currently one. This can be achieved without any noticeable decrease in cycle length. / Genom en fallstudie av tre driftcykler för Ringhals 4 visar den här rapporten att max FΔH under cykeln kan sänkas med 2,0–2,5 % om bränsleknippena radiellt anrikningsoptimeras med minst tre delanrikningar. Totalt under cykeln kan FΔH sänkas med upp till 4 %. Om radiell anrikningsoptimering införs för Vattenfalls PWR:er skulle arbetet med att designa härdarna förenklas och utrymme ges för att ladda reaktorerna på ett mer ekonomiskt sätt.

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